Expired drugs as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors of copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment

Urea,paracetamol and glutamine(based on the expired drugs)were selected as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors(VCIs)to study their corrosion protection effect on red copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment by using weight loss,electrochemical measurement techniques(specially designed electrochemical testing device for simulating marine atmospheric environments)and surface morphology characterization analysis(SEM/EDS,XRD,RAMAN,XPS).Weight loss results show that the three corrosion inhibitors have good corrosion inhibition effect on red copper,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency in the order of glutamine(83.62%)>urea(68.46%)>paracetamol(61.47%).Surface morphology characterization analysis provides evidence of adsorption of corrosion inhibitors molecules on the red copper surface,thus forming a protective film that blocked the red copper surface from the aggressive chloride ion attack.

Phenotypic Characterization of Oryza nivara(Sharma et Shastry)Collected from Different Ecological Niches of Sri Lanka

Information on the genetic diversity of wild rice species in Sri Lanka is relatively meagre,though it plays a key role in crop improvement programs of cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.).The present study was carried out to identify the morphological variation pattern of the wild populations of O.nivara in Sri Lanka.Seven populations(P1 to P7)collected from different agro-ecological regions were characterized in a common garden based on nine morphological traits.The findings revealed a high level of phenotypic variation between populations when compared to within a population.The most variable traits were the flag leaf panicle neck length(FLPNL)and flag leaf angle(FLA),whereas the least variable trait was the flag leaf length(FLL).Box plots clearly illustrated the large differentiation of phenotypic traits in the entire distribution of wild rice populations.The cumulative values of the two principal components,i.e.,FLPNL and FLA,explained 58.7%of the total variance.Populations from similar natural habitats clustered together.The P7 was adapted to intercept more sunlight by increasing flag leaf width(FLW)and FLA to compete with weeds and other shrubs.P2 and P5 were the most closely related populations representing approximately similar ecological conditions of the dry zone.The P3 population from the intermediate zone showed a vigorous plant growth with the highest plant height,culm girth and awn length(P<0.05).Knowledge of such morphological diversity would facilitate designing conservation strategies and basic information for the proper utilization of wild resources in rice genetic improvement.

Global wild rice germplasm resources conservation alliance:World Wild-Rice Wiring

Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing environments.Rice(Oryza sativa)is one of the most important crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's population.Wild rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate change.Wild rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme environments.It has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding programs.The identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant increase in rice yields.In addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental stresses.However,wild rice germplasm resources are threatened due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic factors.At the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic information on wild rice resources and the utilization and conservation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.