Elevated CO2 and high N promote the yield of vegetables interactively, whilst their interactive effects on fruit quality of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） are unclear. We studied the effects of three CO2 concentratio...Elevated CO2 and high N promote the yield of vegetables interactively, whilst their interactive effects on fruit quality of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） are unclear. We studied the effects of three CO2 concentrations （400 IJmOl mol^-1 （ambient）, 625 pmol mol^-1 （moderate） and 1 200 pmol mol^-1（high）） and nitrate levels （2 mmol L^-1 （low）, 7 mmol L^-1 （moderate） and 14 mmol L^-1 （high）） on fruit quality of cucumber in open top chambers. Compared with ambient CO2, high CO2 increased the concentrations of fructose and glucose in fruits and maintained the titratable acidity, resulting in the greater ratio of sugar to acid in moderate N, whilst it had no significant effects on these parameters in high N. Moderate and high CO2 had no significant effect on starch concentration and decreased dietary fiber concentration by 13 and 18%, nitrate by 31 and 84% and crude protein by 19 and 20% averagely, without interactions with N levels. The decreases in amino acids under high CO2 were similar, ranging from 10-18%, except for tyrosine （50%）. High CO2 also increased the concentrations of P, K, Ca and Mg but decreased the concentrations of Fe and Zn in low N, whilst high CO2 maintained the concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in moderate and high N. In conclusion, high CO2 and moderate N availability can be the best combination for improving the fruit quality of cucumber. The fruit enlargement, carbon transformation and N assimilation are probably the main processes affecting fruit quality under CO2 enrichment.展开更多
A novel C3-symmetrical molecule, 1,3,5-tri(9-ethyl-6-nitrocarbazol-3-yl) benzene(IV), was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental analyses and X-ray single crystal diffrac...A novel C3-symmetrical molecule, 1,3,5-tri(9-ethyl-6-nitrocarbazol-3-yl) benzene(IV), was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental analyses and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. For this complex: C48 H36 N6 O6, Mr = 792.83, triclinic system, space group P1, a = 11.568(6), b = 13.158(7), c = 17.856(10) ?, α = 95.419(9), β = 107.345(8), γ = 114.682(8)o, V = 2281(2) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.154 g/cm3, λ = 0.71073 ?, F(000) = 828, S = 1.083, R = 0.0836 and wR = 0.1926 for 3304 observed reflections with I > 2ζ(I). The compound possesses good thermal stability with the decomposition temperature(Td) of 265 ℃. The absorption and emission spectra show that the compound can emit blue light in CHCl3, and the quantum yield of compound IV in EtOH was 0.66. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of compound IV were also studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV) method, and the results correspond to the data of theoretical calculation by the Gaussian 09 software.展开更多
基金funding supports from the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2014BAD14B04)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science (XDB15030300)the Frontier Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSASIP1635)
文摘Elevated CO2 and high N promote the yield of vegetables interactively, whilst their interactive effects on fruit quality of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） are unclear. We studied the effects of three CO2 concentrations （400 IJmOl mol^-1 （ambient）, 625 pmol mol^-1 （moderate） and 1 200 pmol mol^-1（high）） and nitrate levels （2 mmol L^-1 （low）, 7 mmol L^-1 （moderate） and 14 mmol L^-1 （high）） on fruit quality of cucumber in open top chambers. Compared with ambient CO2, high CO2 increased the concentrations of fructose and glucose in fruits and maintained the titratable acidity, resulting in the greater ratio of sugar to acid in moderate N, whilst it had no significant effects on these parameters in high N. Moderate and high CO2 had no significant effect on starch concentration and decreased dietary fiber concentration by 13 and 18%, nitrate by 31 and 84% and crude protein by 19 and 20% averagely, without interactions with N levels. The decreases in amino acids under high CO2 were similar, ranging from 10-18%, except for tyrosine （50%）. High CO2 also increased the concentrations of P, K, Ca and Mg but decreased the concentrations of Fe and Zn in low N, whilst high CO2 maintained the concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in moderate and high N. In conclusion, high CO2 and moderate N availability can be the best combination for improving the fruit quality of cucumber. The fruit enlargement, carbon transformation and N assimilation are probably the main processes affecting fruit quality under CO2 enrichment.
基金supported by the Fund for the Soft Science project of Shanxi Province(No.2016042008-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21701121)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.201601D102015 and 201801D121064)
文摘A novel C3-symmetrical molecule, 1,3,5-tri(9-ethyl-6-nitrocarbazol-3-yl) benzene(IV), was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental analyses and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. For this complex: C48 H36 N6 O6, Mr = 792.83, triclinic system, space group P1, a = 11.568(6), b = 13.158(7), c = 17.856(10) ?, α = 95.419(9), β = 107.345(8), γ = 114.682(8)o, V = 2281(2) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.154 g/cm3, λ = 0.71073 ?, F(000) = 828, S = 1.083, R = 0.0836 and wR = 0.1926 for 3304 observed reflections with I > 2ζ(I). The compound possesses good thermal stability with the decomposition temperature(Td) of 265 ℃. The absorption and emission spectra show that the compound can emit blue light in CHCl3, and the quantum yield of compound IV in EtOH was 0.66. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of compound IV were also studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV) method, and the results correspond to the data of theoretical calculation by the Gaussian 09 software.
