In the summer of 2012, the US Midwest, the most productive agricultural region in the world, experienced the most intense and widespread drought on record for the past hundred years. The 2012 drought, characterized as...In the summer of 2012, the US Midwest, the most productive agricultural region in the world, experienced the most intense and widespread drought on record for the past hundred years. The 2012 drought, characterized as ‘flash drought’, developed in May with a rapid intensification afterwards, and peaked in mid-July. ~76% of crop region and 60% of grassland and pasture regions have been under moderate to severe dry conditions. This study used multiple lines of evidences, i.e., in-situ AmeriFlux measurements, spatial satellite observations, and scaled ecosystem modeling, to provide independent and complementary analysis on the impact of 2012 flash drought on the US Midwest vegetation greenness and photosynthesis carbon uptake. Three datasets consistently showed that 1) phenological activities of all biomes advanced 1–2 weeks earlier in 2012 compared to the other years of 2010–2014;2) the drought had a more severe impact on agroecosystems(crop and grassland) than on forests;3) the growth of crop and grassland was suppressed from June with significant reduction of vegetation index, sun-induced fluorescence(SIF) and gross primary production(GPP), and did not recover until the end of growing season. The modeling results showed that regional total GPP in 2012 was the lowest(1.76 Pg C/yr) during 2010–2014, and decreased by 63 Tg C compared with the other-year mean. Agroecosystems, accounting for 84% of regional GPP assimilation, were the most impacted by 2012 drought with total GPP reduction of 9%, 7%, 6%, and 29% for maize, soybean, cropland, and grassland, respectively. The frequency and severity of droughts have been predicted to increase in future. The results imply the importance to investigate the influences of flash droughts on vegetation productivity and terrestrial carbon cycling.展开更多
目的:观察六君子汤加减对老年中晚期肺癌化疗患者免疫功能的保护作用。方法:选择老年中晚期肺癌患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采用含铂两药化疗方案治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上服用六君子汤加减治疗...目的:观察六君子汤加减对老年中晚期肺癌化疗患者免疫功能的保护作用。方法:选择老年中晚期肺癌患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采用含铂两药化疗方案治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上服用六君子汤加减治疗,21天为1个周期,共治疗2个周期。检测两组患者治疗前后免疫功能指标:T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+),免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM),免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG),免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)水平;肿瘤标志物:细胞角蛋白十九片段(CYFRA21-1)、血清糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA-125)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)水平;采用肺癌患者生活质量测定量表(functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung,FACT-L)评价患者生活质量;统计疾病控制率和不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IgA、IgG、IgM水平高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平、CEA、AFG、CA125、NSE水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组FACT-L评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组疾病控制率[95.00%(38/40)]高于对照组[85.00%(34/40)](P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率[5.56%(3/54)]低于对照组[18.52%(10/54)](P<0.05)。结论:六君子汤加减治疗老年中晚期肺癌化疗患者,可保护患者免疫功能,降低肿瘤标志物水平,提升患者生活质量,疾病控制率,降低患者不良反应发生率。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41801340)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning,China(No.20180550238)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences by Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC005)
文摘In the summer of 2012, the US Midwest, the most productive agricultural region in the world, experienced the most intense and widespread drought on record for the past hundred years. The 2012 drought, characterized as ‘flash drought’, developed in May with a rapid intensification afterwards, and peaked in mid-July. ~76% of crop region and 60% of grassland and pasture regions have been under moderate to severe dry conditions. This study used multiple lines of evidences, i.e., in-situ AmeriFlux measurements, spatial satellite observations, and scaled ecosystem modeling, to provide independent and complementary analysis on the impact of 2012 flash drought on the US Midwest vegetation greenness and photosynthesis carbon uptake. Three datasets consistently showed that 1) phenological activities of all biomes advanced 1–2 weeks earlier in 2012 compared to the other years of 2010–2014;2) the drought had a more severe impact on agroecosystems(crop and grassland) than on forests;3) the growth of crop and grassland was suppressed from June with significant reduction of vegetation index, sun-induced fluorescence(SIF) and gross primary production(GPP), and did not recover until the end of growing season. The modeling results showed that regional total GPP in 2012 was the lowest(1.76 Pg C/yr) during 2010–2014, and decreased by 63 Tg C compared with the other-year mean. Agroecosystems, accounting for 84% of regional GPP assimilation, were the most impacted by 2012 drought with total GPP reduction of 9%, 7%, 6%, and 29% for maize, soybean, cropland, and grassland, respectively. The frequency and severity of droughts have been predicted to increase in future. The results imply the importance to investigate the influences of flash droughts on vegetation productivity and terrestrial carbon cycling.
文摘目的:观察六君子汤加减对老年中晚期肺癌化疗患者免疫功能的保护作用。方法:选择老年中晚期肺癌患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采用含铂两药化疗方案治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上服用六君子汤加减治疗,21天为1个周期,共治疗2个周期。检测两组患者治疗前后免疫功能指标:T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+),免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM),免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG),免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)水平;肿瘤标志物:细胞角蛋白十九片段(CYFRA21-1)、血清糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA-125)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)水平;采用肺癌患者生活质量测定量表(functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung,FACT-L)评价患者生活质量;统计疾病控制率和不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IgA、IgG、IgM水平高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平、CEA、AFG、CA125、NSE水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组FACT-L评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组疾病控制率[95.00%(38/40)]高于对照组[85.00%(34/40)](P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率[5.56%(3/54)]低于对照组[18.52%(10/54)](P<0.05)。结论:六君子汤加减治疗老年中晚期肺癌化疗患者,可保护患者免疫功能,降低肿瘤标志物水平,提升患者生活质量,疾病控制率,降低患者不良反应发生率。
