Animal models of eosinophilic esophagitis,review and perspectives

Eosinophilic oesophagitis(EoE)is an allergen/immune-mediated chronic esophageal disease characterized by esophageal mucosal eosinophilic infiltration and esophageal dysfunction.Although the disease was originally attributed to a delayed allergic reaction to allergens and a Th2-type immune response,the exact pathogenesis is complex,and the efficacy of existing treatments is unsatisfactory.Therefore,the study of the pathophysiological process of EOE has received increasing attention.Animal models have been used extensively to study the molecular mechanism of EOE pathogenesis and also provide a preclinical platform for human clinical intervention studies of novel therapeutic agents.To maximize the use of existing animal models of EOE,it is important to understand the advantages or limitations of each modeling approach.This paper systematically describes the selection of experimental animals,types of allergens,and methods of sensitization and excitation during the preparation of animal models of EoE.It also discusses the utility and shortcomings of each model with the aim of providing the latest perspectives on EoE models and leading to better choices of animal models.

Effects of layer interactions on instantaneous stability of finite Stokes flows

The stability analysis of a finite Stokes layer is of practical importance in flow control. In the present work, the instantaneous stability of a finite Stokes layer with layer interactions is studied via a linear stability analysis of the frozen phases of the base flow. The oscillations of two plates can have different velocity amplitudes, initial phases, and frequencies. The effects of the Stokes-layer interactions on the stability when two plates oscillate synchronously are analyzed. The growth rates of two most unstable modes when δ < 0.12 are almost equal, and δ = δ*/h*, where δ*and h*are the Stokes-layer thickness and the half height of the channel, respectively. However, their vorticities are different. The vorticity of the most unstable mode is symmetric, while the other is asymmetric. The Stokes-layer interactions have a destabilizing effect on the most unstable mode when δ < 0.68, and have a stabilizing effect when δ > 0.68. However, the interactions always have a stabilizing effect on the other unstable mode. It is explained that one of the two unstable modes has much higher dissipation than the other one when the Stokes-layer interactions are strong. We also find that the stability of the Stokes layer is closely related to the inflectional points of the base-flow velocity profile. The effects of inconsistent velocity-amplitude, initial phase, and frequency of the oscillations on the stability are analyzed. The energy of the most unstable eigenvector is mainly distributed near the plate of higher velocity amplitude or higher oscillation frequency. The effects of the initial phase difference are complicated because the base-flow velocity is extremely sensitive to the initial phase.

Application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency: Recent advances from mechanisms to therapeutics

The incidence of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is increasing worldwide,particularly among younger women,posing a significant challenge to fertility.In addition to menopausal symptoms,POI leads to several complications that profoundly affect female reproductive function and overall health.Unfortunately,current clinical treatment strategies for this condition are limited and often yield unsatisfactory outcomes.These approaches typically involve hormone repla-cement therapy combined with psychological support.Recently,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapies for POI have garnered considerable attention in global research.MSCs can restore ovarian reproductive and endocrine functions through diverse mechanisms,including controlling differentiation,promoting angiogenesis,regulating ovarian fibrosis,inhibiting apoptosis,enhancing autocrine and paracrine effects,suppressing inflammation,modulating the immune system,and genetic regulation.This editorial offers a succinct summary of the application of MSC therapy in the context of POI,providing evidence for groundbreaking medical approaches that have potential to enhance reproductive health and overall well-being for women.

Game Analysis of Regulation for Online Prescription Drugs under Customer Feedback Mechanism

Objective To study the way to better regulate the online sales of prescription drugs,and to provide reference for the adjustment of relevant policies since the online sales of prescription drugs has become an inevitable trend.Methods A game model was constructed for the strategy choice of pharmaceutical e-commerce platform,customers and government departments based on differential game theory and Nash equilibrium game model to analyze the pure strategy Nash equilibrium,Nash equilibrium dominant strategy of each subject and the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium under different conditions.Besides,Matlab was used to carry out simulation analysis.Results and Conclusion The study shows that:(1)Improving the credibility of the government and reducing the cost of government regulation can not only make the pharmaceutical e-commerce platform operate with high quality,but also give greater play to government functions;(2)The greater the influence of social evaluation on pharmaceutical e-commerce platforms,the lower the cost of high-quality operation of pharmaceutical e-commerce platform,and the greater the probability of customer choosing real evaluation strategy;(3)The greater the customers’perception of potential risk,the greater the compensation,and the lower the cost of reporting.Then,the greater the probability that government departments will choose strict regulation.Finally,the model solution and simulation analysis are combined to provide countermeasures and suggestions for the safety regulation of online sales of prescription drugs.

Jidong cognitive impairment cohort study: objectives, design, and baseline screening

The risk of dementia increases in patients with cognitive impairment.However,it is not clear what factors contribute to the onset of dementia in those with cognitive impairment.In this prospective cohort study,we will investigate the every-five-year incidence of cognitive impairment and prognostic factors for cognitive impairment.The Jidong cognitive impairment cohort was established from April 2012 to August 2015,during which we recruited 5854 healthy participants(55.1%male)older than 45 years(mean,57 years).Participants received a health examination in the Staff Hospital,Jidong Oilfield Branch,China National Petroleum Corporation.Baseline data and blood samples were collected.Cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination,and was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of less than 24.Dementia was assessed using the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(Fourth edition),the International Working Group criteria,and the Mini-Mental State Examination score.The follow-up will continue until December 2024,during which a prognostic model will be constructed.The primary outcome is the presence/absence of dementia and the secondary outcome is quality of life.Baseline screening results showed the following:(1)Cognitive impairment was apparent in 320 participants(5.5%).These participants will be excluded from the Jidong cohort study,and the remaining participants will be followed up.(2)Of the 320 participants with cognitive impairment,there was a significantly higher prevalence of illiteracy than other education levels(35.9%,P<0.05).Age,arterial hypertension,alcohol consumption,and passive smoking differed significantly between the cognitive impairment and healthy groups(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression models showed that age(odds ratio[OR]=1.059,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.044-1.074)and arterial hypertension(OR=1.665,95%CI:1.143-2.427)were risk factors for mild cognitive impairment.With the increase of educational level(illiteracy,primary school,junior high school,high school,university,and above),cognitive impairment gradually decreased(OR<1,P<0.05).(3)This cohort study has initially screened for several risk factors for cognitive impairment at baseline,and subsequent prospective data will further describe,validate,and evaluate the effects of these risk factors on cognitive impairment and dementia.These results can provide clinical evidence for the early prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kailuan General Hospital of Tangshan City and the Medical Ethics Committee,Staff Hospital,Jidong Oilfield Branch,China National Petroleum Corporation on July 12,2013(approval No.2013 YILUNZI 1).

化橘红成花过程挥发油成分的动态变化及活性分析

本文旨在探索化橘红花挥发油成分的动态变化,为化橘红花的综合利用和其挥发油产品的开发提供理论参考。以现蕾期、花苞期、盛开期和谢花期的化橘红花新鲜样品为材料,水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用气质联用法(GC-MS)测定挥发油成分,通过构建“化橘红花-活性成分-靶点”网络图对挥发油活性进行分析。结果表明化橘红花挥发油成分以烯类(56.84%~70.19%)和醇类(21.33%~38.34%)物质为主,包括γ-松油烯、D-柠檬烯、芳樟醇、法尼醇、橙花叔醇和β-蒎烯。烯类物质在成花过程中呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,醇类物质表现出先增多再减少的趋势,盛开期达到峰值。现蕾期、花苞期和盛开期的挥发性物质总量保持在较高水平,谢花期显著降低。法尼醇、芳樟醇、α-水芹烯、橙花叔醇和香茅醇等挥发性成分的抑菌和抗氧化活性较高。各个花期的化橘红花均含有丰富的挥发油,具有开发应用价值。

水中兵器锂原电池健康状态预测技术探究

锂原电池作为高效、清洁能源,在水中兵器装备中广泛应用,但是在长期贮存和使用过程中,暴露出了一些故障及安全隐患,因此对电池进行健康状态预测及对故障进行机理研究极为重要。针对锂原电池的故障及应用需求,梳理分析现有研究基础以及困难等,借鉴锂离子电池的成熟技术,探究性地对锂原电池故障模式、故障机理进行了分析,提出了状态预测技术的研究思路和方法,为水中兵器锂原电池健康状态预测技术体系的构建和研究提供了参考。

中药黄芪的药理作用分析及临床应用效果

目的分析中药黄芪的药理作用及其临床应用效果。方法选取2022年10月—2023年10月青岛大学附属泰安市中心医院采用黄芪治疗的88例患者作为观察组,另选择同期应用西医治疗的88例作为对照组,观察运用中药黄芪后患者的临床疗效。结果观察组(95.45%)急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(72.73%)(P<0.05)。观察组(90.91%)扩张型心肌病伴心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。观察组糖尿病周围神经病变总有效率(100%)高于对照组(77.27%)(P<0.05)。观察组脑血栓总有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。结论中药黄芪在治疗糖尿病周围神经病变、急性心肌梗死伴心衰、脑血栓后遗症以及扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者中疗效较理想,为临床治疗提供有力依据,同时也为中药在心血管和神经系统疾病治疗中的应用提供新思路。但仍需要进一步的研究来验证其机制和安全性。

Elimination of the yellow pigment gene PSY-E2 tightly linked to the Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb7 from Thinopyrum ponticum

Fhb7 is a major gene that was transferred from Thinopyrum ponticum to chromosome 7D of wheat(Triticum aestivum)and confers resistance to both Fusarium head blight(FHB)and Fusarium crown rot(FCR).However,Fhb7 is tightly linked to the PSY-E2 gene,which causes yellow flour,limiting its application in breeding.To break this linkage,marker K-PSY was developed for tagging PSY-E2 and used with Fhb7 markers to identify recombination between the two genes.Screening 21,000 BC1F2 backcross progeny(Chinese Spring ph1bph1b*2/SDAU 2028)revealed two Fhb7^(+)wheat-Tp7el_(2)L lines,Shannong 2–16and Shannong 16–1,that carry a desired truncated Fhb7^(+)translocation segment without PSY-E2.The two lines show levels of resistance to FHB and FCR similar to those of the original translocation line SDAU 2028,but have white flour.To facilitate Fhb7 use in wheat breeding,STS markers were developed and used to isolate Fhb7 on a truncated Tp7el_(2) translocation segment.Near-isogenic lines carrying the Fhb7^(+)segment were generated in the backgrounds of three commercial cultivars,and Fhb7^(+)lines showed increased FHB and FCR resistance without yield penalty.The breakage of the tight linkage between Fhb7 and PSY-E2 via homoeologous recombination provides genetic resources for improvement of wheat resistance to FHB and FCR and permit the large-scale deployment of Fhb7 in breeding using marker-assisted selection.

Surface Molecular Encapsulation with Cyclodextrin in Promoting the Activity and Stability of Fe Single-Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Fe single-atom catalysts(Fe-SACs)have been extensively studied as a highly efficient electrocatalyst toward the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Nonetheless,they suffer from stability issue induced by dissolution of Fe metal center and the OH^(−)blocking.Herein,a surface molecular engineering strategy is developed by usingβ-cyclodextrins(CDs)as a localized molecular encapsulation.The CD-modified Fe-SAC(Fe-SNC-β-CD)shows obviously improved activity toward the ORR with 0.90 V,4.10 and 4.09 mA cm^(-2)for E_(1/2),J_(0)and Jk0.9,respectively.Meanwhile,the Fe-SNC-β-CD shows the excellent long-term stability against aggressive stress and the poisoning.It is confirmed through electrochemical investigation that modification ofβ-CD can,on one hand,regulate the atomic Fe coordination chemistry through the interaction between the CD and FeN_(x) moiety,while on the other mitigate the strong adsorption of OH^(−)and function as protective barrier against the poisoning molecules leading to enhanced ORR activity and stability for the Fe-SACs.The molecular encapsulation strategy demonstrates the uniqueness of post-pyrolysis surface molecular engineering for the design of single-atom catalyst.

Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma misdiagnosed as lung squamous cell carcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(PPLELC)is an uncommon subtype of squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the lung,closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.The pathological features of PPLELC closely resemble those of SCC,which makes it prone to misdiagnosis.Surgical intervention constitutes the primary treatment approach for PPLELC.CASE SUMMARY This report describes a 44-year-old woman who was hospitalized for 1 mo due to left chest pain.Computed tomography revealed a mass shadow in the anterior basal segment of the left lower lobe,and a subsequent needle biopsy suggested SCC.The patient underwent radical tumor resection in the lower left lobe of the lung,and postoperative pathological examination indicated lymphoepithelial carcinoma,and the test for EBV encoded small RNA was positive.Following surgery,the patient was scheduled to receive four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy,using the paclitaxel+carboplatin regimen,but the patient refused further treatment.CONCLUSION PPLELC is an exceptionally rare subtype of lung SCC and is prone to misdiagnosis.

Stability control of multi-parameter adaptive wireless communication systems based on multi-Lyapunov function

With the occurrence of burst interference,bit error rate( BER) stability of the wireless communication system( WCS) always degrades significantly. To cope with it,a stability control algorithm is proposed,utilizing the stability theory of switched systems,which is specifically applicable for multi-parameter adaptive WCS with spectrum sensing ability,and it is capable of stabilizing BER within a reasonable range. Firstly,WCS is modeled as a switched system. Then,based on the multi-Lyapunov function,controlling rules are presented to enable the switched system to satisfy stable condition asymptotically. Finally,analysis and numerical simulation results demonstrate that the switched WCS with the proposed controlling rules is superior to conventional power-controlled WCS with or without state feedback control in terms of stability performance.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide Injection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec and liraglutide injection(IDegLira)compared with insulin glargine plus insulin aspart(IGar plus IAsp)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on the price of IDegLira before and after it was successfully admitted to the National Reimbursable Drug List(NRDL).Methods Cost and effectiveness parameters were obtained through systematic retrieval from PubMed,ScienceDirect,CNKI,and Wanfang database.A cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)model was established to analyze the economics using IDegLira for T2DM patients with 1 to 5 years of medication.Results and Conclusion Before IDegLira was admitted to NRDL,its economic advantages over the IGlar plus Iasp regimen became more significant as patients’medication time prolonged.After being admitted to NRDL,with 1 year of medication,the medical cost of IDegLira decreased by 2853.91 yuan and the quality adjusted life years(QALY)increased by 0.12055 than IGar plus IAsp.The sensitivity analysis was highly consistent with the results of the baseline result.After being admitted to NRDL,for patients with T2DM who have poor blood glucose control,IDegLira is absolutely an economic advantage scheme compared with IGar plus IAsp.

Current Situation and Prospect of the Application of Real-World Evidence in Health Care

Objective To summarize the application of real-world evidence(RWE)in the medical and healthcare field of various countries,including relevant policies,application scenarios and application methods.Methods Relevant policies and application scenarios were obtained by consulting the official websites and public documents of various countries’healthcare institutions.Systematic literature retrieval was adopted to search PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang databases,and all papers related to real-world study and application were included.Then,these papers were classified and analyzed by country and application method.Results and Conclusion The RWE was mainly applied to supporting the preliminary approval of a new drug,expanding drug indications,accelerating approval or supporting conditional marketing authorizations and drug safety evaluation,etc.The United Kingdom,the United States,Germany,the Netherlands,Italy,Sweden,and France admitted RWE,but they treated the data obtained from RWE with caution.After systematic literature retrieval,a total of 701 articles were obtained,including relevant studies from 36 countries,among which the United States published 264 in total.The most common study was about using real-world data(RWD)to calculate treatment-related costs,which had a total of 259 studies.Secondly,158 articles were used for epidemiological analysis.Then,138 articles were about establishing risk models to analyze disease risk factors.A total of 70 articles were real-world efficacy evaluation of the drug treatment schemes,54 articles were about pharmacoeconomic evaluation with RWD as parameters.A total of 29 articles used RWD to build predictive models,and 15 articles used RWD to evaluate the health-related quality of life in patients.The application of RWE has been used widely in the medical and healthcare field of various countries.The application scenarios are gradually diversified,the application methods of RWD become mature,and the evidence quality of RWE is also improved greatly.

断奶仔猪应激性腹泻及其营养调控

断奶仔猪应激性腹泻会导致仔猪体重下降、发育不良甚至死亡。本文主要综述了断奶仔猪应激性腹泻产生的原因,并从肠道屏障功能、信号通路和内分泌等方面讨论断奶仔猪应激性腹泻主要发病机理,最后从饲料以及饲料添加剂方面论述了缓解断奶仔猪应激性腹泻的营养调控措施,旨在为缓解和治疗断奶仔猪应激性腹泻提供必要的参考。

电刷镀制备银/银-石墨烯复合镀层及其性能

在KI体系中采用电刷镀方法在铜基体上制备了银/银-石墨烯复合镀层,研究了镀液中石墨稀含量对所制备复合镀层附着力、接触电阻、物相、耐蚀性和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:纯银镀层和复合镀层的附着力都达到标准要求;在NaCl和H_(2)SO_(4)腐蚀介质中,复合镀层的腐蚀速率均小于纯银镀层,在NaOH腐蚀介质中则相反;复合镀层的平均摩擦因数和磨损率最低,分别为0.274和5.68×10^(-6)mg/(m·N),远小于纯银镀层,接触电阻与纯银镀层相差不大。

Genome-Wide Analysis of HAESA/HAESA-Like Kinase Family in Rice

In leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase XI subfamily, Arabidopsis HAESA (AtHAE) and two closely related HAESA-LIKE (AtHSL1 and AtHSL2) constitute a small branch. Several reports have described the function and the involved signaling pathway that AtHAE and AtHSLs are involved in. However, the family members and functions of HAE and HSL in rice have not been reported. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the HAE/HSL kinase family in rice. A total of 17 OsHSLs were identified in the genome. Of these, only Os11g11890 was annotated as HSL2;all the other members were annotated as HSL1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that OsHSLs diverged into three groups, with three Arabidopsis members constituting a subgroup of group I. Domain analysis revealed that all the homologues had 9-19 LRR repeats and a typical kinase domain at the C-terminus, except that four members lost or evolved their kinase domains. Expression analysis revealed that OsHSLs were co-expressed with genes involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. Microarray data revealed that most OsHSLs were highly expressed in the vegetative tissues and only two members were highly expressed in the reproductive tissues. Most OsHSLs changed their expression profiles when subjected to drought, and salt stress treatments. Our results provide an overview of OsHSL gene family in rice, and suggest that OsHSLs possibly function under biotic and abiotic stresses, thus would help for elucidating the function of OsHSLs gene family in vivo.

葡萄砧木新品种云砧4号的选育

云砧4号是以云葡2号为母本、以抗砧3号为父本杂交选育的葡萄砧木新品种。长势旺盛,枝条粗壮,节间较短,萌芽率高,成枝力强,根系比抗砧3号、3309M、SO4、5BB、225Ru等传统砧木分布深而发达,较耐高温、耐旱、耐酸、耐盐碱,与诸多鲜食和酿酒品种嫁接亲和性好,能明显增强接穗品种的长势,并提高接穗品种的产量和品质。适宜在极端最低气温≥-18℃,平均年降水量≤1 500 mm,没有葡萄根瘤蚜为害的地区作砧木大面积推广应用,也可作城镇、庭院绿化树种。

基于自生植物的城市公园草本层养护管理优化策略——以北京市西城区为例

【目的】中国城市绿地建设迎来低碳发展的关键时期,自生植物的应用为解决城市公园植物景观养护管理成本高昂及生物多样性下降等问题提供了有效途径。然而,关于自生植物与城市公园养护管理之间相互影响关系及相应管理策略的研究尚不足。【方法】以北京市西城区13个城市公园为例,在梳理国内外养护管理政策及发展现状的基础上,通过文献收集和实地踏勘,分析不同类型公园养护管理差异对自生植物物种组成、多样性及群落组成的影响。【结果】1)城市公园养护管理措施因公园类型而存在差异,主要体现在除草和修剪措施上;2)实地踏勘共记录自生植物17科32属36种,近自然公园物种数最多;不同公园养护管理差异对于自生植物丰富度和多样性的影响无显著差异;但对均匀度的影响存在显著差异,大型传统公园的均匀度最高;此外,近自然公园以多年生植物群落为主,传统公园以一、二年生植物群落为主;3)城市公园养护管理面临缺乏差异化的养护管理技术措施、亟须重视自生植物群落的应用两大问题;4)提出适用于不同类型公园的养护管理工作优化策略。【结论】研究结果可以为城市公园养护管理工作变革提供新的思路和方向,有效促进城市低碳可持续发展建设。

基于人工智能自动分析技术的视网膜血管形态参数测量及特征分析

目的基于人工智能技术对视网膜血管形态学参数进行全自动定量测量,分析我国北方50岁以上人群视网膜血管参数及分布特征。方法采用横断面研究方法,纳入2011年1月至2021年12月就诊于北京同仁医院的50岁以上无眼底病的患者1842例,对纳入的受试者进行标准化问卷调查、抽血和眼科检查;收集各受试者任意一眼以视盘为中心的彩色眼底照片,采用基于深度学习的语义分割网络ResNet101-Unet构建血管分割模型,进行全自动视网膜血管参数定量测量,主要测量指标包括视网膜血管分支夹角、血管分形维数、血管平均管径和血管平均弯曲度。比较不同性别间各视网膜参数的差异。采用多元线性回归分析法分析最佳矫正视力、眼压、眼轴长度等眼部因素和性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病等全身因素是否是各视网膜血管参数的影响因素。结果模型对于血管分割和视盘分割的准确度均高于0.95。1842例受试者血管分支夹角为(51.023±11.623)°;血管分形维数为1.573(1.542,1.592);血管平均管径为64.124(60.814,69.053)μm;血管平均弯曲度为(0.001062±0.000165)°。男性血管分支夹角大于女性,血管平均管径和血管平均弯曲度小于女性,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。全身因素多元线性回归分析结果显示,患有心血管疾病的人群较无心血管疾病的人群血管平均管径增大1.142μm(B=1.142,P=0.029,95%CI:0.116~2.167);血管平均弯曲度与高血压(B=3.053×10^(-5),P=0.002,95%CI:1.167×10^(-5)~4.934×10^(-5))和饮酒量(B=1.036×10^(-5),P=0.014,95%CI:0.211×10^(-5)~1.860×10^(-5))呈正相关,与高脂血症呈负相关(B=-2.422×10^(-5),P=0.015,95%CI:-4.382×10^(-5)~-0.462×10^(-5))。眼部因素多元线性回归分析结果显示,眼轴长度每增加1 mm,血管分形维数减小0.004(B=-0.004,P<0.001,95%CI:-0.006~-0.002),血管平均管径减小0.266μm(B=-0.266,P=0.037,95%CI:-0.516~-0.016),血管平均弯曲度减小-2.45×10^(-5)°(B=-2.45×10^(-5),P<0.001,95%CI:-0.313×10^(-5)~-0.177×10^(-5))。BCVA每增加1.0,血管分支夹角增大3.992°(B=3.992,P=0.004,95%CI:1.283~6.702),血管分形维数增大0.090(B=0.090,P<0.001,95%CI:0.078~0.102),血管平均管径减小14.813μm(B=-14.813,P<0.001,95%CI:-16.474~-13.153)。结论成功构建视网膜血管分割模型。视网膜血管参数与性别、年龄、系统性疾病和眼部因素存在关联。