罗库溴铵和顺阿曲库铵肌松残余作用发生率分析

目的:观察全身麻醉使用罗库溴铵或顺阿曲库铵后,以临床征象判断肌松程度,术毕和拔除气管导管时肌松药残余作用发生率,及引起肌松药残余作用的危险因素。方法:成年择期手术患者500例,分别实施丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉或七氟醚吸入麻醉,麻醉手术期间分别给予罗库溴铵或顺阿曲库铵。用TOF Watch SX监测仪盲法观察麻醉过程透皮连续4次(TOF)监测时第4次刺激肌颤搐反应值与第1次刺激肌颤搐反应值的比值(TOFr)的变化。结果:术毕平均TOFr=0.53±0.38,其中275例0<TOFr<0.9,112例TOFr=0。拔管时平均TOFr=0.97±0.12,其中60例TOFr<0.9。随着年龄或体质指数增加,拔管时肌松药残余作用发生率呈增加趋势。术毕给予新斯的明至拔管间隔时间≥10 min者拔管时平均TOFr值比<10 min者明显高。结论:凭临床征象和经验估计罗库溴铵和顺阿曲库铵作用消除程度,拔除气管导管时12%的患者TOFr<0.9,存在肌松药残余作用的隐患。年龄增大及给予肌松药后或给予新斯的明拮抗后至拔管时间偏短是增加肌松药残余作用发生率的主要危险因素。

13个苹果NAC转录因子基因的克隆与表达分析

利用同源比对和RT-PCR技术,从紫弘富士苹果(Malus domestica (Suckow)Borkh.‘Zihong Fuji’)中克隆了13个NAC转录因子基因:MdNAC40~45,MdNAC47~53(GenBank登录号为MG099877~MG099882,MG099884~MG099890)。序列分析表明,其开放阅读框(ORF,open reading frame)分别为1470 bp、1065 bp、912 bp、885 bp、948 bp、1041 bp、1182 bp、639 bp、705 bp、1830 bp、1980 bp、747 bp和1137 bp。进化分析表明,MdNAC41属于AtNAC3组,MdNAC40、MdNAC42~43和MdNAC45~53属于NAM组,MdNAC44属于VND组。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,MdNAC40~45、MdNAC47~50和MdNAC52~53可能定位于细胞核中;MdNAC51可能定位在细胞质或细胞核中。Array结果显示,13个MdNAC基因在16个被检测组织中均有不同程度的相对表达水平。RNA-seq结果显示,MdNAC43、MdNAC45、MdNAC47、MdNAC49和MdNAC51的表达明显受斑点落叶病菌(AAAP,Alternaria alternata apple pathotype)侵染的诱导。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,在150 mmol/L NaCl处理下,嘎啦组培苗中MdNAC45、MdNAC47和MdNAC52的转录水平受到诱导,而MdNAC40、MdNAC48和MdNAC51的转录水平下调;在300 mmol/L甘露醇处理下,MdNAC50转录水平受到诱导,MdNAC41转录水平下调。这表明MdNAC基因多呈组成型表达,并受斑点落叶病菌(AAAP)、NaCl和甘露醇诱导或下调,可能参与调控苹果生长发育和逆境胁迫等过程。

麻醉前应用抗胆碱能药物的广东省专家共识(2021版)

抗胆碱能药物在临床应用历史悠久,最初被应用于呼吸系统疾病的治疗。目前,抗胆碱能药物作为重要的术前用药,其术前应用是保证临床麻醉安全实施的重要措施,在促进患者术后快速康复中扮演重要角色。目前抗胆碱能药物种类较多,作用机制不同,术前规范并合理使用抗胆碱能药物可防范麻醉及手术因素所致的风险,保证患者围手术期安全,提高围手术期麻醉管理质量。为进一步规范术前抗胆碱能药物使用,受广东省医学会麻醉学分会的委托,本专家共识邀请省内相关领域麻醉专家,根据国内外最新研究进展和专家共识及指南,结合各中心术前应用抗胆碱能药物的临床实践经验,从抗胆碱能药物在临床麻醉中的应用及在围手术期的应用、麻醉前应用抗胆碱能药物的选择与考虑、抗胆碱能药物的用法用量及注意事项等方面,对术前应用抗胆碱能药物的要点进行阐述。

变精度粗糙集的加权KNN文本分类算法

针对训练样本较大时KNN算法(K最近邻算法)的分类效率较低和训练样本不均衡时算法的分类性能受到影响这两个问题,提出变精度粗糙集的加权KNN文本分类算法。利用变精度粗糙集上下近似的概念,将各个类别的训练集分为β正区域和β边界域。分类过程中根据测试样本与样本中心的相似度,得到样本的归属区域。其中属于β正区域的样本可以直接判断其类别,其它区域的样本用基于数量加权的KNN算法判断其类别。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高分类的性能和效率。

Physiological evaluation of nitrogen use efficiency of different apple cultivars under various nitrogen and water supply conditions

Nitrogen(N) deficiency is a common problem for apple(Malus×domestica) production in arid regions of China.However,N utilization efficiency(NUE) of different apple cultivars grown under low N conditions in arid regions has not been evaluated.In this study,NUE was assessed for one-year-old seedlings of six apple cultivars,Golden Delicious,Qinguan,Jonagold,Honeycrisp,Fuji and Pink Lady,grafted onto Malus hupehensis Rehd.rootstocks.Four treatments were used,including control water with control N(CWCN),limited water with control N(LWCN),control water with low N(CWLN) and limited water with low N(LWLN).Our results showed that growth indices such as biomass,plant height and stem diameter,and photosynthetic rate of all cultivars decreased in the order CWCN>CWLN>LWCN>LWLN.When subjected to LWLN treatment,Qinguan showed better growth and photosynthetic characters than other tested cultivars.Additionally,Qinguan and Pink Lady had higher NUE,while Honeycrisp and Jonagold had lower NUE,based on the determination of biomass,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll content,the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm),15 N and N contents.

Species-specific PCR-based assays for identification and detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species causing stem blight on blueberry in China

Botryosphaeriaceae species are important causal agents of blueberry stem blight worldwide. Blueberry stem blight has become an important disease, potentially affecting the quality and production of blueberries in China. It is difficult and time-consuming to identify at the species level using morphological methods. The aim of this study was to develop polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assays for the diagnosis and early detection of latent infections of blueberry stems by Botryosphaeria spp. Species-specific primers, based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene, were designed and selected for use in PCR assays. Three primer pairs, Lt347-F/R for Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Np304-F/R for Neofusicoccum parvum and FaF/Bt2b for Botryosphaeria dothidea, successfully amplified specific PCR fragments of different sizes on pure cultures or from blueberry stems inoculated and naturally infected blueberry plants with three pathogens, respectively. These primers did not amplify any PCR fragments from other blueberry stem disease-associated pathogens, such as Phomopsis spp. and Pestalotiopsis spp. This PCR protocol could detect as low as 1 00 pg to 1 ng of purified fungal DNA. This PCR-based protocol could be used for the diagnosis and detection of these pathogens from pure cultures or from infected blueberry plants.