介绍了一套同时工作在甚高频(very high frequency,VHF)和甚低频/低频(very-low/low frequency,VLF/LF)频段的三维闪电定位系统,并给出了初步观测结果。系统使用到达时间差法对2个频段的闪电辐射源进行定位,能连续地给出雷暴过程中闪电...介绍了一套同时工作在甚高频(very high frequency,VHF)和甚低频/低频(very-low/low frequency,VLF/LF)频段的三维闪电定位系统,并给出了初步观测结果。系统使用到达时间差法对2个频段的闪电辐射源进行定位,能连续地给出雷暴过程中闪电活动空间位置,并详细给出单次闪电的发展路径,在使用2个频段辐射波形参数进行定位的同时还可以保存原始波形用于深入研究。VHF、VLF/LF 2个频段闪电定位结果的时间分辨率分别为100?s和1ms,定位精度在站网覆盖范围可优于200m。2个频段的定位结果都能很好地描述雷暴中的闪电活动,但表现出的特征有一定差异。两频段定位结果对单个闪电发生路径进行描绘时,VLF/LF频段的大部分定位结果能与VHF定位结果重叠。展开更多
This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the physical processes of artificially triggered light- ning and natural lightning as well as the progress in testing lightning protection technologies, based on a s...This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the physical processes of artificially triggered light- ning and natural lightning as well as the progress in testing lightning protection technologies, based on a series of lightning field campaigns jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau since 2006. During the decade-long series of lightning field experi- ments, the technology of rocket-wire artificially triggered lightning has been improved, and has successfully triggered 94 lightning flashes. Through direct lightning current waveform measurements, an average return stroke peak current of 16 kA was obtained. The phenomenon that the downward leader connects to the lateral surface of the upward leader in the attachment process was discovered, and the speed of the upward leader during the connection process being significantly greater than that of the downward leader was re- vealed. The characteristics of several return strokes in cloud-to-ground lighting have also been unveiled, and the mechanism causing damage to lightning protection devices （i.e., ground potential rise within the rated current） was established. The performance of three lightning monitoring systems in Guangdong Province has also been quantitatively assessed.展开更多
The development of positive leader of an artificially triggered lightning has been analyzed based on the data of electric field change, location of radiation source and frequency spectrum obtained by using the broadba...The development of positive leader of an artificially triggered lightning has been analyzed based on the data of electric field change, location of radiation source and frequency spectrum obtained by using the broadband interferometer system. The results indicate that radiation from positive leader could be detected within close distance in spite of the relatively weak radiation, while the radiation from negative breakdown processes was relatively stronger. Positive leader developed with few branches, and the initial progression velocity was of the order of 105 m/s. The distribution of power spectrum by 25 MHz high pass filter indicated that the radiation frequency from positive leader maximized at 25-30 MHz, while that from negative breakdown processes maximized at 60-70 MHz.展开更多
文摘介绍了一套同时工作在甚高频(very high frequency,VHF)和甚低频/低频(very-low/low frequency,VLF/LF)频段的三维闪电定位系统,并给出了初步观测结果。系统使用到达时间差法对2个频段的闪电辐射源进行定位,能连续地给出雷暴过程中闪电活动空间位置,并详细给出单次闪电的发展路径,在使用2个频段辐射波形参数进行定位的同时还可以保存原始波形用于深入研究。VHF、VLF/LF 2个频段闪电定位结果的时间分辨率分别为100?s和1ms,定位精度在站网覆盖范围可优于200m。2个频段的定位结果都能很好地描述雷暴中的闪电活动,但表现出的特征有一定差异。两频段定位结果对单个闪电发生路径进行描绘时,VLF/LF频段的大部分定位结果能与VHF定位结果重叠。
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2014CB441406 and 2014CB441405)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475003 and 51420105011)Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2015Z006 and 2014R015)
文摘This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the physical processes of artificially triggered light- ning and natural lightning as well as the progress in testing lightning protection technologies, based on a series of lightning field campaigns jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau since 2006. During the decade-long series of lightning field experi- ments, the technology of rocket-wire artificially triggered lightning has been improved, and has successfully triggered 94 lightning flashes. Through direct lightning current waveform measurements, an average return stroke peak current of 16 kA was obtained. The phenomenon that the downward leader connects to the lateral surface of the upward leader in the attachment process was discovered, and the speed of the upward leader during the connection process being significantly greater than that of the downward leader was re- vealed. The characteristics of several return strokes in cloud-to-ground lighting have also been unveiled, and the mechanism causing damage to lightning protection devices （i.e., ground potential rise within the rated current） was established. The performance of three lightning monitoring systems in Guangdong Province has also been quantitatively assessed.
基金This work was supported by the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZ951-B1-405) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49975003 and 49775254).
文摘The development of positive leader of an artificially triggered lightning has been analyzed based on the data of electric field change, location of radiation source and frequency spectrum obtained by using the broadband interferometer system. The results indicate that radiation from positive leader could be detected within close distance in spite of the relatively weak radiation, while the radiation from negative breakdown processes was relatively stronger. Positive leader developed with few branches, and the initial progression velocity was of the order of 105 m/s. The distribution of power spectrum by 25 MHz high pass filter indicated that the radiation frequency from positive leader maximized at 25-30 MHz, while that from negative breakdown processes maximized at 60-70 MHz.
