二维 B、N 掺杂炭片的电化学氧化及其赝电容性能

在炭基电极材料中引入氧化还原赝电容是提升其比电容的有效手段,有望解决炭基超级电容器低能量密度的瓶颈。本文通过原位电化学氧化,在B、N掺杂二维纳米炭片电极上引入电化学活性含氧官能团,以显著提升炭基电极的赝电容,并研究了B、N掺杂炭在不同氧化工艺下的表面组成和电容性能变化。结果表明,B、N掺杂可以提升氧化电极的电子传输和电荷转移,有效促进电化学氧化效果,提高电极的赝电容。此外,相比于恒压氧化工艺,循环伏安氧化方法可以有效提升炭电极的氧化深度和总氧含量,并且也有利于选择性地生成以电化学活性的醌基为主的含氧官能团。制备的氧化电极在1 A·g^(−1)电流密度下显示出601.5 F·g^(−1)的高比电容,并在20 A·g^(−1)下仍保持74.8%,显示出良好的倍率性能。此外,氧化电极还表现出优异的循环稳定性,在5 A·g^(−1)下8000次循环后保持了初始电容的92.6%。

新中国成立以来反贫困的历史进程与基本经验

新中国成立以来,我国反贫困事业经历了社会救济式扶贫、以经济体制改革为着力点的反贫困、以区域发展为主的开发式扶贫、整村推进与“两轮驱动”的综合性扶贫、以精准扶贫为特征的反贫困五个阶段。我国反贫困的经验主要是:坚持中国共产党的领导,坚持以经济建设为中心,政府、市场、社会和个人“四位一体”协同参与,开展综合性扶贫。

miR-1256靶向COPB2基因调控胰腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的分子机制

目的:探讨miR-1256靶向COPB2调控胰腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的分子机制。方法:采用qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测胰腺癌组织、癌旁组织、人胰腺癌细胞系中miR-1256和COPB2的表达。将miR-1256 mimics、miR-con、si-COPB2、si-con、miR-1256+pcDNA、miR-1256+pcDNA+COPB2分别转染PANC-1和CFPAC-1细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验和Western blot验证miR-1256对COPB2的靶向作用。结果:与癌旁组织相比,胰腺癌组织miR-1256表达显著降低,而COPB2表达显著升高(P<0.05)。与正常胰腺细胞相比,PANC-1和CFPAC-1细胞中miR-1256表达显著降低,COPB2表达著升高(P<0.05)。与miR-con组比较,miR-1256组PANC-1和CFPAC-1细胞的活力均显著降低,细胞凋亡率均显著升高(P<0.05);与si-con组比较,si-COPB2组PANC-1和CFPAC-1细胞的活力均显著降低,细胞凋亡率均显著升高(P<0.05)。COPB2是miR-1256的靶基因,miR-1256负向调控COPB2表达。与miR-1256+pcDNA组比较,miR-1256+pcDNA+COPB2组PANC-1和CFPAC-1细胞的活力均显著升高,细胞凋亡率均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:miR-1256可通过下调COPB2表达抑制胰腺癌细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡。

老年2型糖尿病合并肺部侵袭性真菌感染的危险因素

目的分析老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并肺部侵袭性真菌感染(PIFI)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2016年6月-2020年6月重庆市綦江区人民医院收治的200例T2DM老年患者,根据是否合并肺部PIFI分为感染组42例和未感染组158例。无菌采集感染组T2DM老年患者痰液,进行病原菌分离鉴定。记录两组T2DM老年患者年龄、性别、糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)值、抗菌药物使用时间等一般资料。采用二分类Logistic回归分析影响T2DM合并肺部PIFI患者的因素。结果42例T2DM合并肺部PIFI患者共分离病原菌73株,分离菌株以白假丝酵母(69.86%)和热带假丝酵母(12.41%)为主;T2DM患者并发PIFI与患者年龄、糖尿病病程、住院时间、抗菌药物使用时间、HbA1c值和侵入性操作有关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析,抗菌药物使用时间、HbA1c值≥7%及侵入性操作均为影响T2DM合并肺部PIFI感染老年患者的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论长期使用抗菌药物、HbA1c值≥7%和侵入性操作均为T2DM合并肺部PIFI老年患者的危险因素,临床可重点关注高危患者,并及时给予有效的干预措施。

Protection of lung function by introducing single photon emission computed tomography lung perfusion image into radiotherapy plan of lung cancer

Background The lung functional status could be displayed on lung perfusion images. With the images, the radiotherapy plans of lung cancer could be guided to more optimized. This study aimed to assess quantitatively the impact of incorporating functional lung imaging into 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3DCRT） and intensity-modulated radiation therapy （IMRT） planning for non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods Ten patients with NSCLC who had undergone radiotherapy were included in this study. Before radiotherapy, each patient underwent CT simulation and lung perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT）. The SPECT images were registered with simulation planning CT and used to contour functional lung （lung-F） and non-functional lung （lung-NF）. Two 3DCRT plans and two IMRT plans were designed and compared in each patient： two anatomic plans using simulation CT alone and two functional plans using SPECT-CT in addition to the simulation CT. Dosimetric parameters of the four types of plans were compared in terms of tumor coverage and avoidance of normal tissues. Total radiation dose was set at 66 Gy （2 Gyx33 fractions）. Results In incorporating perfusion information in 3DCRT and IMRT planning, the reductions on average in the mean doses to the functional lung in the functional plan were 168 cGy and 89 cGy, respectively, compared with those in the anatomic plans. The median reductions in the percentage of volume irradiated with 〉5 Gy, 〉10 Gy, 〉20 Gy, 〉30 Gy and 〉40 Gy for functional lung in the functional plans were 6.50%, 10.21%, 14.02%, 22.30% and 23.46% in 3DCRT planning, respectively, and 3.05%, 15.52%, 14.16%, 4.87%, and 3.33% in IMRT planning, respectively. No greater degree of sparing of the functional lung was achieved in functional IMRT than in 3DCRT. Conclusion Function-guided 3DCRT and IMRT plannings both appear to be effective in preserving functional lung in NSCLC patients.