Contract Mechanism of Water Environment Regulation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Based on Optimal Control Theory

The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.

Erratum to “Contract Mechanism of Water Environment Regulation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Based on Optimal Control Theory” [Journal of Water Resource and Protection Vol.16 No.7 2024]

The original online version of this article (Zhao, S., Gu, H.B., Xue, L.F., Wang, D.S. and Huang, B. (2024) Contract Mechanism of Water Environment Regu-lation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Based on Optimal Control Theory. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 16, 538-556. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2024.167030) unfortunately contains a mis-take. The second institution is “China Renewable Energy Engineering Insti-tute, Beijing, China”, not “China Renewable Engineering Institute, Beijing, China”.

Biomedical rare-earth magnesium alloy:Current status and future prospects

Biomedical magnesium(Mg)alloys have garnered significant attention because of their unique biodegradability,favorable biocompatibility,and suitable mechanical properties.The incorporation of rare earth(RE)elements,with their distinct physical and chemical properties,has greatly contributed to enhancing the mechanical performance,degradation behavior,and biological performance of biomedical Mg alloys.Currently,a series of RE-Mg alloys are being designed and investigated for orthopedic implants and cardiovascular stents,achieving substantial and encouraging research progress.In this work,a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art in biomedical RE-Mg alloys is provided.The physiological effects and design standards of RE elements in biomedical Mg alloys are discussed.Particularly,the degradation behavior and mechanical properties,including their underlying action are studied in-depth.Furthermore,the preparation techniques and current application status of RE-Mg alloys are reviewed.Finally,we address the ongoing challenges and propose future prospects to guide the development of high-performance biomedical Mg-RE alloys.

Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Six Varieties(Strains)in Chinese Chestnut

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the differences of photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different varieties(strains),which will provide a theoretical basis for high photosynthesis efficiency breeding and application in Chinese chestnut.[Methods]Six Chinese chestnut varieties of Castanea mollissima‘Yanbao’,C.mollissima‘Yanqiu’,C.mollissima‘Yanchang’,C.mollissima‘Yanjia’,C.mollissima‘Qianxi 37’,and C.mollissima‘Hybrid 22’were used as the materials.Using the portable photosynthesis system Li-6400,we measured the photosynthetic characteristics and diurnal variation of leaf samples of six different chestnut varieties or strains.We fitted the light response curves and photosynthetic parameters using the leaf floating model.Additionally,we determined the chlorophyll content in the leaves using a UV-visible spectrophotometer.[Results]Among the six chestnut varieties or strains,‘Yanqiu’exhibited a significantly higher photosynthetic light saturation point(P LSP)compared to other five varieties,and‘Hybrid 22’ranked second,indicating that these two varieties had the strongest adaptation to high light intensity.The photosynthetic light compensation point(P LCP)of‘Yanchang’was significantly higher than other five varieties,and"Qianxi 37"ranked second,indicating that these two varieties had the strongest adaptation to low light intensity.Additionally,they exhibited higher chlorophyll content and maintained good photosynthetic characteristics even in shaded environments with weak light stress.Varieties‘Yanbao’and‘Yanjia’showed higher P LSP and lower P LCP,indicating that these two varieties have a wider range of adaptation to light intensity.They were capable of efficiently utilizing light across a broader spectrum of intensities.‘Yanqiu’had the highest maximum net photosynthetic rate(P n,max)and the lowest dark respiration rate(R d),along with the highest chlorophyll content.It indicated that‘Yanqiu’has strong photosynthetic capacity and organic matter accumulation ability.It also had the highest P LSP,enabling it to fully utilize the high light environment of the Yanshan Mountains and possessed high light efficiency characteristics.The P n,max of‘Yanqiu’was significantly higher than other varieties.‘Hybrid 22’and‘Yanbao’also exhibited significantly higher P n,max compared with‘Yanjia’and‘Qianxi 37’.‘Yanchang’had the lowest P n,max.The order of P n,max among the six chestnut varieties or strains was as follows:‘Yanqiu’>‘Hybrid 22’>‘Yanbao’>‘Yanjia’>‘Qianxi 37’>‘Yanchang’.[Conclusions]

One-pot preparation and applications of self-healing,self-adhesive PAA-PDMS elastomers

A new family of transparent,biocompatible,self-adhesive,and self-healing elastomer has been developed by a convenient and efficient one-pot reaction between poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMSOH).The condensation reaction between PAA and PDMS-OH has been confirmed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectra.The prepared PAA-PDMS elastomers possess robust mechanical strength and strong adhesiveness to human skin,and they have fast self-healing ability at room temperature(in^10 s with the efficiency of 98%).Specifically,strain sensors were fabricated by assembling PAA-PDMS as packaging layers and polyetherimide-reduced graphene oxide(PEI-rGO)as strain-sensing layers.The PAA-PDMS/PEI-rGO sensors are stably and reliably responsive to slight physical deformations,and they can be attached onto skin directly to monitor the body’s motions.Meanwhile,strain sensors can self-heal quickly and completely,and they can be reused for the motion detecting after shallowly scratching the surface.This work provides new opportunities to manufacture high performance self-adhesive and self-healing materials.

Reliability Analysis Based on a Direct Ship Hull Strength Assessment

A method of reliability analysis based on a direct strength calculation employing the von Mises stress failure criterion is presented here. The short term strain distributions of ship hull structural components are identified through the statistical analysis of the wave-induced strain history and the long term distributions by the weighted summation of the short term strain distributions. The wave-induced long term strain distribution is combined with the still water strain. The extreme strain distribution of the response strain is obtained by statistical analysis of the combined strains. The limit state function of the reliability analysis is based on the von Mises stress failure criterion, including the related uncertainties due to the quality of the material and model uncertainty. The reliability index is calculated using FORM and sensitivity analysis of each variable that has effects on the reliability is also discussed.

High gain fiber-solid hybrid double-passing end-pumped Nd:YVO4 picosecond amplifier with high beam quality

We propose a fiber-solid hybrid system which consists of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror(SESAM)modelocked fiber seed with a pulse width of 10.2 ps and a repetition rate of 18.9 MHz,a two-level fiber pre-amplifier and a double-passing end-pumped Nd:YVO4 amplifier.In the solid-state amplifier,to enhance the gain and the extraction efficiency,a specially designed structure in which the seed light passes through the gain medium four times and makes full use of population inversion is used as the double-passing amplifier.Besides,the beam filling factor(the ratio of the seed light diameter to the pump light diameter)and the thermal lens effect of the double-passing amplifier are considered and its optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is further improved.To preserve the beam quality of the double-passing amplifier,a new method of spherical-aberration self-compensation based on the principles of geometrical optics is used and discussed.Our system achieves a maximum average power of 9.5Wat the pump power of 28W,corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 27%.And the beam quality factor M^2 reaches 1.3 at the maximum output power.

基于肿瘤教化血小板的液体活检研究进展

随着人们生活水平提高以及生活方式的转变,癌症已经成为影响现代人寿命的主要原因之一。目前,临床医生通常根据临床表现、影像学检测和血液肿瘤标志物等对癌症进行初步诊断,确诊主要还是依赖于肿瘤组织的病理分析。但是病理组织取样属于侵入性操作,所以多种基于血液成分的液体活检被广泛应用于癌症的诊断,包括循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)、循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cell,CTC)、细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)和肿瘤教化血小板(tumoreducated platelets,TEPs)。TEPs在肿瘤早期诊断、治疗、进展与转移等领域发挥重要作用,具有较大的发展前景。本文将综述TEPs在各种肿瘤无创诊断、监测中的研究进展。

Numerical and Experimental Study of a Tornado Mixer

A new design of a selective catalytic reduction(SCR)mixer called tornado was developed for a heavy-duty diesel engine to solve the urea deposition problem.A combination of CFD simulation and experimental studies was used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the tornado mixer.According to the numerical simulations,this mixer can improve the front surface flow uniformity of the SCR carrier by 6.67%and the NH3 distribution uniformity by 3.19%compared to a traditional mixer.Similarly,steady state SCR conversion efficiency test results have shown that the tornado mixer can increase the average SCR conversion efficiency by 1.73%compared to a traditional mixer.Therefore,the tornado mixer outperforms traditional mixers in terms of mixing uniformity,resistance to deposition and impact on NOX emissions.In addition,a dimensionless parameter,the“limiting deviation rate”,is proposed in the present study to improve the mixing uniformity assessment method for SCR mixers(with the explicit intent to evaluate the mixing uniformity more accurately).

The pioneer of intelligent construction—An overview of the development of intelligent compaction

As the pioneer in the intelligent construction technologies(ICT)of transportation infrastructure,intelligent compaction(IC)has been applied in the infrastructure construction of various countries.It is currently the technology that best reflects the intelligence of engineering construction.This article overviews the latest developments and trends in IC.Firstly,the basic meaning of ICT is defined based on the essential characteristics of intelligent construction of transportation infrastructure,“perception,analysis,decision-making,execution”(PADE).The concept of intelligent compaction technology classification is also introduced.The PADE requirements that intelligent compaction should meet are proposed.Secondly,according to the sequence of“perception,analysis,decision-making,execution,”the workflow and key technologies of intelligent compaction are analyzed,and the mechanism of using the response of the roller to solve the modulus is given and verified.On this basis,The IC feasibility test methods,including compaction degree,compaction stability,and compaction uniformity,are briefly described.The implementation scheme of feedback control is given.Then,the use of artificial neural networks(ANN),hybrid expert systems,and reinforcement learning in intelligent compaction are briefly introduced.Finally,several extended applications of intelligent compaction are expounded,including the development ideas of intelligent road rollers and the role of intelligent compaction in virtual construction,the layer-specific mechanical parameters of fillers,etc.

基于外周血免疫学特征的鼻咽癌初诊远处转移风险评估模型构建

目的:对比分析初诊鼻咽癌有远处转移和无远处转移患者治疗前外周血免疫指标及其他临床特征,建立风险评估模型早期鉴别远处转移高风险患者。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年6月于四川省肿瘤医院231例初诊鼻咽癌患者临床病例资料及外周血免疫学指标,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析与远处转移相关的临床指标,筛选独立相关因素,绘制列线图风险评估模型并进行内部验证。结果:231例初诊患者中共48例(20.8%)患者伴随远处器官转移。多因素回归分析显示,N分期、PNI指数、LDH水平、CD4/CD8比值以及NK细胞绝对数是初诊远处转移的独立相关因素(均P<0.05),据此构建列线图预测模型。采用Bootstrap重抽样法进行1000次内部验证,该模型一致性指数(C-index)及受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.826。Calibration校正曲线拟合良好,预测概率与实际概率之间具有较好的符合度。临床决策曲线(DCA)和临床影响曲线(CIC)进一步表明,该模型具有相对稳定的临床适用性。结论:鼻咽癌初诊远处转移患者具有显著的外周血免疫学指标变化。根据CD4/CD8比值和NK细胞计数,结合其他临床指标,可以较好地区分转移患者和非转移患者。据此建立的风险预测模型或有助于辅助临床鉴别初诊有隐匿性远处转移患者,实现远处转移的早期干预。

Effects of Big Five, HEXACO, and Dark Triad on Counterproductive Work Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose:This study investigates the effects of Big Five,HEXACO,and Dark Triad personality traits on counter-productive work behaviors(CWBs),and examines the moderating effects of countries where the studies were car-ried out,gender rate of samples,and scales used to measure personalities.Method:Following the rules of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA),we include 74 empirical studies published between 2007 and September 2022 with 83 samples and 394 correlations.Studies are selected from both English databases such as Web of Science and Chinese databases such as CNKI.The meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were both performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis(CMA)program,version 3.7.Results:Although emotionality is irrelevant to CWBs,other Big Five,HEXACO,and Dark Triad personality factors are all significant predictors of CWBs.The effect of Dark Triad(ρ=0.412)is stronger than that of Big Five(ρ=−0.176)and HEXACO(ρ=−0.221).Gender negatively moderates the positive relationship between Dark Triad traits(total and subdimensions)and CWBs.The moderating effects of countries and scales are only signif-icant for very few personalities.Conclusion:Personality traits are important antecedents of CWBs,and gender ratio plays a role as moderator for some personality traits.We propose that organizations should pay more atten-tion to the mental health of employees and future studies could investigate other types of characteristics and moderators.

Clinical experience of double sleeve lobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery in patients with central lung cancer

Objective： The aim of our study was to introduce the surgical method and evaluate the efficacy of double sleeve Iobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery in treatment for the central lung cancer. Method： From March 1995 to October 2010, double sleeve Iobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery was performed in 45 cases with central lung cancer that involved the bronchial opening of an upper lobe of the lungs or the main bronchus and＇pulmonary artery but didn＇t involve any lower lobes. Among them, left upper Iobectomy was performed in 37 cases, right medium-upper Iobectomy was performed in 6 cases and right upper Iobectomy was performed in 2 cases. Results： Postoperative complications were found in 12 cases. Among them, 3 cases were arrhythmia, 1 case was acute heart failure, 6 cases were obstructive pneumo-nia and pulmonary atelectasis, 2 cases were bronchial anastomotic fistula. Two cases died of cerebral infarction and massive hemoptysis respectively. Thirty-one cases were squamous carcinoma, 7 cases were adenocarcinoma, 4 cases were small cell lung cancer, 1 case was adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 case was sarcomatoid carcinomas, 1 case was mucinous adeno- carcinoma. Ten cases were T3NOM0, 11 cases were T3N 1M0, 17 cases were T3N2M0, 2 cases were T4N 1M0, 5 cases were T4N2M0. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rates were 84.4% （38/45）, 51.7% （15/29）, 53.8% （7/13） respectively. Conclu-sion： The double sleeve Iobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery can maximumly reserve the normal lung tissues while removing tumors, and avoid pneumonectomy. The surgery was safe and effective, while it required a high technique.

Analysis on the Optimization of the P.E. Course Teaching Plan in Colleges and Universities

In the new period, the physical education in colleges and universities is of greater and greater significance for the enhancement of students＇ learning efficiency. In this paper, the current situation of the current physical education is analyzed, and also related suggestions on the optimization of the P.E. course teaching plan are proposed.

Application Study on Outdoor Teaching Practice in Physical Education

As outdoor sports are loved by more and more people, the introduction of outdoor sports to the EE. teaching practice plays a positive role in enriching the contents of student sports activities. In this paper, the meanings and characteristics of outdoor sports are introduced, the necessities for the outdoor RE. teaching practice are analyzed, and finally several suggestions on the construction of the outdoor teaching practice in physical education are proposed.

Adaptive deep learning for head and neck cancer detection using hyperspectral imaging

It can be challenging to detect tumor margins during surgery for complete resection.The purpose of this work is to develop a novel learning method that learns the difference between the tumor and benign tissue adaptively for cancer detection on hyperspectral images in an animal model.Specifically,an auto-encoder network is trained based on the wavelength bands on hyperspectral images to extract the deep information to create a pixel-wise prediction of cancerous and benign pixel.According to the output hypothesis of each pixel,the misclassified pixels would be reclassified in the right prediction direction based on their adaptive weights.The auto-encoder network is again trained based on these updated pixels.The learner can adaptively improve the ability to identify the cancer and benign tissue by focusing on the misclassified pixels,and thus can improve the detection performance.The adaptive deep learning method highlighting the tumor region proved to be accurate in detecting the tumor boundary on hyperspectral images and achieved a sensitivity of 92.32%and a specificity of 91.31%in our animal experiments.This adaptive learning method on hyperspectral imaging has the potential to provide a noninvasive tool for tumor detection,especially,for the tumor whose margin is indistinct and irregular.

A computed tomography-based radiomic model for the prediction of strangulation risk in patients with acute intestinal obstruction

Background We created and validated a computed tomography(CT)-based radiomic model using both clinical factors and the radiomic signature for assessing the strangulation risk of acute intestinal obstruction.This would assist surgeons in accurately predicting intestinal ischemia and strangulation in patients with intestinal obstruction.Methods We recruited 289 patients with acute intestinal obstruction admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2019 to February 2022.The patients were allocated to a training(n=226)and validation cohort(n=63).Radiomic features were collected from CT images,and the radiomic signature was extracted and used to calculate a radiomic score(Rad-score).A nomogram was constructed using the clinical features and the Rad-score,and the performance of the clinical,radiomics,and nomogram models was assessed in the two cohorts.Results Six robust features were used to construct the radiomic signature.The nomogram incorporating hemoglobin levels,C-reactive protein levels,American Society of Anesthesiologists score,time of obstruction,CT image of mesenteric fluid(P<0.05),and the signature demonstrated good predictive ability for intestinal ischemia in patients with acute intestinal obstruction,with areas under the curve of 0.892(95%confidence interval,0.837–0.947)and 0.781(95%confidence interval,0.619–0.944)for the training and validation sets,respectively.The decision curve analysis showed that this model outperformed the clinical and radiomic signature models.Conclusion The radiomic nomogram may effectively predict intestinal ischemia in patients with acute intestinal disease and may assist clinical decision-making。

Application of nanozymes in problematic biofilm control:progress,challenges and prospects

Current microbial control strategies face challenges in keeping up with the escalation of microbial problems due to the presence of biofilms.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop effective and robust strategies to control problematic biofilms in water treatment and reuse systems.Nanozymes,which have intrinsic biocatalytic activity and broad antibacterial spectra,hold promise for controlling resilient biofilms.This review summarizes the milestones of nanozyme studies and their applications as antibiofilm agents.The mechanisms behind the antibacterial,quorum quenching,and depolymerizing properties of nanozymes with different enzyme activities are discussed.Notably,the surface and composition of nanozymes are crucial for their efficacy in biofilm control;thus,rationally designed nanozymes can increase their effectiveness.Additionally,the challenges of nanozymes as antibiofilm agents in realistic scenarios are investigated along with proposed strategies to overcome these challenges.Prospects of nanozyme-based biofilm control,such as machine learning-assisted nanozyme design,are also discussed.Overall,this review highlights the potential of nanozymes as antibiofilm agents and provides insights into the future design of nanozymes for biofilm control.

A novel deep learning framework with variational auto-encoder for indoor air quality prediction

Exposure to poor indoor air conditions poses significant risks to human health, increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Soft measurement modeling is suitable for stable and accurate monitoring of air pollutants and improving air quality. Based on partial least squares (PLS), we propose an indoor air quality prediction model that utilizes variational auto-encoder regression (VAER) algorithm. To reduce the negative effects of noise, latent variables in the original data are extracted by PLS in the first step. Then, the extracted variables are used as inputs to VAER, which improve the accuracy and robustness of the model. Through comparative analysis with traditional methods, we demonstrate the superior performance of our PLS-VAER model, which exhibits improved prediction performance and stability. The root mean square error (RMSE) of PLS-VAER is reduced by 14.71%, 26.47%, and 12.50% compared to single VAER, PLS-SVR, and PLS-ANN, respectively. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (R2) of PLS-VAER improves by 13.70%, 30.09%, and 11.25% compared to single VAER, PLS-SVR, and PLS-ANN, respectively. This research offers an innovative and environmentally-friendly approach to monitor and improve indoor air quality.

梯度功能复合路面设计原理与实现方法

路面是道路工程的主体结构,由多个结构层和功能层组成,它应同时满足车辆荷载、水、温度作用下的耐久性、行车安全性与舒适性要求.然而,目前沥青路面的结构寿命和服役性能远未达到人们对路面长寿命和高性能的期望.其原因不仅仅是材料因素与施工质量问题,还在于现有设计理论与指标体系尚不能满足长寿命路面设计的需要,路面材料-结构-工艺一体化的设计原则也未得到有效贯彻.由于设计年限较短,现有路面材料的力学性能与疲劳寿命很容易满足设计年限内重复荷载作用的要求.随着路面长寿命设计目标的提升,构建新的路面设计理论体系也成为关键性科学问题.因此,为探究路面结构的变革和发展,本文首先从沥青路面的结构性破坏特征出发,探讨了路面开裂类型及其产生的细观机制,明确了路面材料组成特性和层状结构界面状态对开裂控制的作用原理;其次,在总结分析路面弹性层状理论体系的基础上,提出了梯度功能复合路面设计理论与方法,并推荐了梯度功能复合路面的结构组合和设计流程;进而提出采用高性能功能复合材料,并通过弱化或消除界面效应的层间处治技术来实现梯度功能复合路面;最后,结合梯度功能结构设计理念在桥面铺装工程的实践,探索了梯度功能复合路面设计与施工中的关键技术环节.