空间物理学最新进展与展望

空间物理学是人类进入空间时代后迅速发展的一门新兴交叉学科,特别是进入新世纪后国内外都取得了辉煌的成就.本文简要介绍空间物理领域近年来取得的重要进展、重要成果、国内外发展趋势,以及未来发展的重点方向.

武汉突发E层的季节变化及其与中层风的关系

通过对2018年武汉站(114.61°E,30.53°N)数字测高仪记录的数据统计分析,研究武汉地区突发E层的特征。研究发现:2018年武汉地区电离层突发E层的临界频率在夏季最高,在冬季有一个次增强现象,在春秋季较低;在正午前最大,在日落后出现小幅度提升,在日出前最低。利用指定动态全球大气气候扩展模型SD-WACCM-X模拟出2018年武汉上空90~140 km高度的平均风场,探讨突发E层与背景风之间的关系,揭示突发E层的形成机制。结果表明,半日潮汐分量可能诱导突发E层临界频率的半日变化,周日潮汐分量诱导突发E层临界频率的周日变化;突发E层的强度可能与纬向风场120 km高度处的风剪切有关。

Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2012–2014

In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.

Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2014-2016

In this report the research results by Chinese scientists in 2014—2016 are summarized.The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere,specifically the researches associated with ground-based observation capabihty development,dynamical processes,and properties of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.

COSMIC GPS observations of topographic gravity waves in the stratosphere around the Tibetan Plateau

Temperature profiles provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate(COSMIC)global positioning system(GPS)satellite constellation were used to study an eight-year series(2007 to 2015)of gravity wave(GW)potential energy in the stratosphere(18-30 km)around the Tibetan Plateau(TP).We found that with increasing altitude,the GW potential energy(E_p)values in the stratosphere caused by convection decreases.The importance of GWs that are stimulated by topography is enhanced in this area.In the TP,which was considered to lack strong topographical GW activity,clear activity existed in the spring and winter of all studied years.Based on the latitudinal zone of the TP,the distribution of GW potential energy is highly consistent with the elevation of the local topography.The activities of topographical GWs are strongly filtered as they propagate upward to the area of zero speed wind.The analysis indicates that in the TP,clear orographic GW excitation exists and propagates upward to the upper stratosphere,where it is greatly influenced by the wind.

Thermospheric mass density derived from CHAMP satellite precise orbit determination data based on energy balance method

In this article, the energy balance method is used to retrieve thermospheric mass density from CHAMP satellite precise orbit determination(POD) data during 2007–2009. The retrieved thermospheric mass densities are compared with those from accelerometer data and an empirical model. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Thermospheric mass density can be retrieved from POD data by the energy balance and semi-major axis decay methods, whose results are consistent.(2) The accuracy of the retrieved densities depends on the integration time period, and the optimal period for CHAMP density retrieval from POD data is about 20 minutes.(3) The energy balance method can be used to calibrate accelerometer data.(4) The accuracy of retrieving thermospheric density from POD data varies with satellite altitude and local time.

Quasi-stationary planetary waves in the middle atmosphere of Mars

用温度，侧面从火星气候检索了更健全(MCS ) 在在 2006 年 11 月和 2013 年 4 月之间的火星侦察 Orbiter (MRO ) 卫星上的仪器，我们学习了季节并且在火星的中间的空气的伪静止的行星的波浪(QSPW ) 的 interannual 可变性。在南部的半球的 QSPW 振幅(嘘) 高纬度是比在北半球(NH ) 的那些显著地强壮的。有每个半球的冬至附近的最大的振幅的季节的变化清楚地被看见。在温度的 QSPW 的垂直结构在 1 Pa 附近在 50Pa 和另外的山峰附近与一座山峰显示出双层特征。在 geopotential 高度的 QSPW 清楚地在在二座温度山峰之间的区域被最大化。为 s=1 的 QSPW 的最大的振幅在在嘘高的纬度的 geopotential 高度是在温度和 1 km 的 810 K。在火星年里的嘘高的纬度的最大的振幅(我的) 31 是比在另外的 MYs 的那些强壮的 2 K，建议清楚的 interannual 可变性。我们把卫星结果与那些从火星气候数据库(MCD ) 模拟版本获得了作比较 5.0；一个合理协议被发现。MCD 模拟进一步建议灰尘的可变性可能部分贡献 QSPW 振幅的 interannual 可变性。