The anthropogenic heat release from tourism activities has a cumulative effect on glacial retreat when coupled with climate change.Mitigating the impacts of glacial tourism activities on glaciers and promoting the sus...The anthropogenic heat release from tourism activities has a cumulative effect on glacial retreat when coupled with climate change.Mitigating the impacts of glacial tourism activities on glaciers and promoting the sustainable development of glacial tourism have become urgent issues.Taking Yulong and Hailuogou glacier tourism destinations as examples,we collected survey questionnaires related to glacial tourists(n=1113)and tourism companies(n=329)by systematic field surveys during 2016–2017,and we obtained data on energy consumption from catering,accommodation,transportation,sightseeing,shopping,entertainment,and waste disposal.This study builds a responsible tourism system and discusses the strategies and measures used to engage stakeholders(mainly tourism companies,tourists,local governments,tourism associations,and the central government)in responsible tourism in order to reduce the impacts of tourism activities on glaciers.These strategies mainly include:improving the energy efficiency of the supply of tourism products and services,promoting the consumption of low-energy tourism products and services,strengthening the supervision and management of low-energy consumption tourism development,creating an environment for energy savings and consumption reduction,and establishing a long-term operational mechanism for responsible tourism management.A rewsponsible tourism system allows stakeholders to properly address this dilemma,internalize sustainable development goals to find their intrinsic self-discipline,and work together to fulfill the public responsibility of realizing the sustainable development of glacial tourism.展开更多
A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation extremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations ...A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation extremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation included the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing altitude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to elevation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.展开更多
The Pochengzi Glaciation is a typical glaciation in Quaternary in the Tianshan Mountains. The glacial landforms comprise several integrated end moraines, like a fan spreading from the north to the south at the mouth o...The Pochengzi Glaciation is a typical glaciation in Quaternary in the Tianshan Mountains. The glacial landforms comprise several integrated end moraines, like a fan spreading from the north to the south at the mouth of the Muzhaerte River valley and on the piedmont on the southeastern slope of the Tumur Peak, the largest center of modern glaciation in the Tianshan Mountains. The landforms recorded a complex history of the ancient glacier change and contained considerable information of the glacial landscape evolution, and dating these landforms helps us understand the temporal and spatial shifts of the past cryosphere in this valley and reconstruct the paleoenvironment in this region. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of the glacial tills in the upper stratum from a well-exposed section, end moraines, and associated outwashes was carried out using Ge centers in quartz grains, which are sensitive to the sunlight and grinding. The results could be divided into three clusters, 13.6–25.3, 39.5–40.4 and 64.2–71.7 ka. Based on the principle of geomorphology and stratigraphy and the available paleoen- vironmental data from northwestern China, the end moraines were determined to deposit in the Last Glaciation. The landforms and the three clusters of ages demonstrate that at least three large glacial advances occurred during the Pochengzi Glaciation, which are corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stage 4 (MIS4), MIS3b and MIS2. The landforms also indicate that the gla- ciers were compound valley glacier in MIS2 and MIS3b and piedmont glacier in MIS4, and the ancient Muzhaerte glacier were 94, 95 and 99 km at their maximum extensions in these three glacial advances.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501159,41801137)The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M560731).
文摘The anthropogenic heat release from tourism activities has a cumulative effect on glacial retreat when coupled with climate change.Mitigating the impacts of glacial tourism activities on glaciers and promoting the sustainable development of glacial tourism have become urgent issues.Taking Yulong and Hailuogou glacier tourism destinations as examples,we collected survey questionnaires related to glacial tourists(n=1113)and tourism companies(n=329)by systematic field surveys during 2016–2017,and we obtained data on energy consumption from catering,accommodation,transportation,sightseeing,shopping,entertainment,and waste disposal.This study builds a responsible tourism system and discusses the strategies and measures used to engage stakeholders(mainly tourism companies,tourists,local governments,tourism associations,and the central government)in responsible tourism in order to reduce the impacts of tourism activities on glaciers.These strategies mainly include:improving the energy efficiency of the supply of tourism products and services,promoting the consumption of low-energy tourism products and services,strengthening the supervision and management of low-energy consumption tourism development,creating an environment for energy savings and consumption reduction,and establishing a long-term operational mechanism for responsible tourism management.A rewsponsible tourism system allows stakeholders to properly address this dilemma,internalize sustainable development goals to find their intrinsic self-discipline,and work together to fulfill the public responsibility of realizing the sustainable development of glacial tourism.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.91025002 No.40725001+5 种基金 No.30970492 No.40971019 No. 11J0930003 The CAS Special Grant for Postgraduate Research, Innovation and Practice The Foundation from the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science The Foundation from Lijiang City Government
文摘A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation extremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation included the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing altitude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to elevation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.
基金supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-301)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40501007, 40772116, 40801031)+1 种基金National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411500)Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006FY110200)
文摘The Pochengzi Glaciation is a typical glaciation in Quaternary in the Tianshan Mountains. The glacial landforms comprise several integrated end moraines, like a fan spreading from the north to the south at the mouth of the Muzhaerte River valley and on the piedmont on the southeastern slope of the Tumur Peak, the largest center of modern glaciation in the Tianshan Mountains. The landforms recorded a complex history of the ancient glacier change and contained considerable information of the glacial landscape evolution, and dating these landforms helps us understand the temporal and spatial shifts of the past cryosphere in this valley and reconstruct the paleoenvironment in this region. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of the glacial tills in the upper stratum from a well-exposed section, end moraines, and associated outwashes was carried out using Ge centers in quartz grains, which are sensitive to the sunlight and grinding. The results could be divided into three clusters, 13.6–25.3, 39.5–40.4 and 64.2–71.7 ka. Based on the principle of geomorphology and stratigraphy and the available paleoen- vironmental data from northwestern China, the end moraines were determined to deposit in the Last Glaciation. The landforms and the three clusters of ages demonstrate that at least three large glacial advances occurred during the Pochengzi Glaciation, which are corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stage 4 (MIS4), MIS3b and MIS2. The landforms also indicate that the gla- ciers were compound valley glacier in MIS2 and MIS3b and piedmont glacier in MIS4, and the ancient Muzhaerte glacier were 94, 95 and 99 km at their maximum extensions in these three glacial advances.
