The yield of wheat in wheat–rice rotation cropping systems in the Yangtze River Plain, China, is adversely impacted by waterlogging. A raised bed planting(RBP) pattern may reduce waterlogging and increase the wheat y...The yield of wheat in wheat–rice rotation cropping systems in the Yangtze River Plain, China, is adversely impacted by waterlogging. A raised bed planting(RBP) pattern may reduce waterlogging and increase the wheat yield after rice cultivation by improving the grain number per spike. However, the physiological basis for grain formation under RBP conditions remains poorly understood. The present study was performed over two growing seasons(2018/2019and 2019/2020) to examine the effects of the planting pattern(i.e., RBP and flat planting(FP)) on the floret and grain formation features and leaf photosynthetic source characteristics of wheat. The results indicated that implementation of the RBP pattern improved the soil–plant nitrogen(N) supply during floret development, which facilitated balanced floret development, resulting in a 9.5% increase in the number of fertile florets per spike. Moreover, the RBP pattern delayed wheat leaf senescence and increased the photosynthetic source capacity by 13.9%, which produced more assimilates for grain filling. Delayed leaf senescence was attributed to the resultant high leaf N content and enhanced antioxidant metabolism. Correspondingly, under RBP conditions, 7.6–8.6% more grains per spike were recorded, and the grain yield was ultimately enhanced by 10.4–12.7%. These results demonstrate that the improvement of the spike differentiation process and the enhancement of the leaf photosynthetic capacity were the main reasons for the increased grain number per spike of wheat under the RBP pattern, and additional improvements in this technique should be achievable through further investigation.展开更多
江淮地区是我国水稻和小麦重要的生产基地,明确该地区不同产量水平之间的差异特征及形成机制,探索区域粮食生产的限制因子,可为缩减江淮地区周年产量差的技术途径提供科学依据和参考。本研究以稻–麦周年生产体系为研究对象,定量分析不...江淮地区是我国水稻和小麦重要的生产基地,明确该地区不同产量水平之间的差异特征及形成机制,探索区域粮食生产的限制因子,可为缩减江淮地区周年产量差的技术途径提供科学依据和参考。本研究以稻–麦周年生产体系为研究对象,定量分析不同产量水平田块之间的产量差与气候影响因素。结果表明,江淮地区水稻、小麦及周年农户水平与试验水平和高产纪录间存在显著的产量差,分别为3315.9、1537.5、4645.6 kg hm–2和7498.6、3977.9、9840.9 kg hm^–2。水稻、小麦及周年农户水平较试验水平还有46.2%、29.7%和37.3%的增产潜力,较高产纪录还有104.5%、77.0%和79.0%的增产潜力。每穗粒数是造成水稻产量差的主要因子,穗数和每穗粒数是造成小麦产量差的主要因子。与农户水平相比,水稻试验水平和高产纪录的穗粒数分别增加30.4%和116.1%;小麦试验水平和高产纪录的穗数和每穗粒数平均分别增加40.9%、70.0%和21.8%、19.6%。缩小产量差水稻主要依赖于增加每穗粒数,小麦靠穗数和每穗粒数的协同提高。生育期累积辐射和积温较低是导致水稻产量差异的主要气候因素,而生育期降雨过多是导致小麦产量差异的主要气候因素。根据研究提出了“强稻稳麦”是提升江淮地区周年粮食生产的有效途径。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301306 and 2018YFD0300906)。
文摘The yield of wheat in wheat–rice rotation cropping systems in the Yangtze River Plain, China, is adversely impacted by waterlogging. A raised bed planting(RBP) pattern may reduce waterlogging and increase the wheat yield after rice cultivation by improving the grain number per spike. However, the physiological basis for grain formation under RBP conditions remains poorly understood. The present study was performed over two growing seasons(2018/2019and 2019/2020) to examine the effects of the planting pattern(i.e., RBP and flat planting(FP)) on the floret and grain formation features and leaf photosynthetic source characteristics of wheat. The results indicated that implementation of the RBP pattern improved the soil–plant nitrogen(N) supply during floret development, which facilitated balanced floret development, resulting in a 9.5% increase in the number of fertile florets per spike. Moreover, the RBP pattern delayed wheat leaf senescence and increased the photosynthetic source capacity by 13.9%, which produced more assimilates for grain filling. Delayed leaf senescence was attributed to the resultant high leaf N content and enhanced antioxidant metabolism. Correspondingly, under RBP conditions, 7.6–8.6% more grains per spike were recorded, and the grain yield was ultimately enhanced by 10.4–12.7%. These results demonstrate that the improvement of the spike differentiation process and the enhancement of the leaf photosynthetic capacity were the main reasons for the increased grain number per spike of wheat under the RBP pattern, and additional improvements in this technique should be achievable through further investigation.
文摘江淮地区是我国水稻和小麦重要的生产基地,明确该地区不同产量水平之间的差异特征及形成机制,探索区域粮食生产的限制因子,可为缩减江淮地区周年产量差的技术途径提供科学依据和参考。本研究以稻–麦周年生产体系为研究对象,定量分析不同产量水平田块之间的产量差与气候影响因素。结果表明,江淮地区水稻、小麦及周年农户水平与试验水平和高产纪录间存在显著的产量差,分别为3315.9、1537.5、4645.6 kg hm–2和7498.6、3977.9、9840.9 kg hm^–2。水稻、小麦及周年农户水平较试验水平还有46.2%、29.7%和37.3%的增产潜力,较高产纪录还有104.5%、77.0%和79.0%的增产潜力。每穗粒数是造成水稻产量差的主要因子,穗数和每穗粒数是造成小麦产量差的主要因子。与农户水平相比,水稻试验水平和高产纪录的穗粒数分别增加30.4%和116.1%;小麦试验水平和高产纪录的穗数和每穗粒数平均分别增加40.9%、70.0%和21.8%、19.6%。缩小产量差水稻主要依赖于增加每穗粒数,小麦靠穗数和每穗粒数的协同提高。生育期累积辐射和积温较低是导致水稻产量差异的主要气候因素,而生育期降雨过多是导致小麦产量差异的主要气候因素。根据研究提出了“强稻稳麦”是提升江淮地区周年粮食生产的有效途径。
