超临界CFB锅炉灵活运行方式下的流动传热及动态特性试验研究

为了给超临界350 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉灵活运行提供指导,对亚临界压力下垂直上升光管内低质量流速汽水工质的流动传热及动态特性进行了试验研究。流动传热试验的压力为12.0~15.0 MPa,质量流速为350~440 kg/(m^(2)·s),内壁热负荷为135~220 kW/m^(2)。在26 MPa稳态试验基础上,通过压力阶跃减小和热负荷阶跃增加研究了垂直上升光管的动态特性。流动传热试验的结果表明:改变压力会影响饱和沸腾区的传热性能和饱和沸腾区的焓值区间;质量流速对传热性能影响仅体现在过冷区,质量流速增大过冷区的传热性能增强;增加热负荷会使饱和沸腾区的传热性能下降。根据流动传热试验数据,拟合得到了亚临界条件下垂直上升光管内汽水工质的传热和摩擦阻力关联式。动态特性试验的结果表明:压力阶跃变化量越大,试验段内的质量流速增量越大,出口比焓和出口壁温变化程度越大;热负荷阶跃仅会影响出口比焓,热负荷阶跃变化量越大,出口比焓和出口壁温变化程度越大。本研究可以为超临界CFB锅炉低负荷、灵活运行过程提供指导。

基于频域法的超超临界锅炉水冷壁动态特性模型验证及计算分析

为了研究超超临界锅炉水冷壁出口参数的动态特性,采用频域法建立了超临界压力下的水冷壁系统动态特性计算模型。通过试验验证,计算值与试验测量数据符合较好。对某电厂超超临界锅炉下炉膛水冷壁进行了计算,得到75%热耗率验收工况(THA)负荷下的动态响应特性,研究了热负荷、入口焓、入口质量流量、出口压力阶跃时的动态特性,同时分析了不同压力、入口焓、入口质量流量、热负荷和管段长度对各参数阶跃时出口工质参数动态响应的影响。结果表明:入口焓、入口质量流量和热负荷增大时,扰动造成的响应时间减小,入口压力、管段长度增大时,扰动造成的响应时间增加。

防火风闸与水密风闸设计要求

介绍了防火风闸与水密风闸的布置要求、穿舱节点与控制方式。对复杂抽象的规范进行简化与总结,方便形象记忆与系统应用。为后续船舶通风系统的防火方案、水密方案提供有力参考。

钻井船空调通风系统的消音降噪

介绍了噪声分析与测量中的常用概念,总结了设计阶段的噪声计算与施工过程中的降噪方案。结合船舶、海工领域空调通风系统的消音降噪经验,对居住区的噪声进行了详细计算。根据噪声衰减值的计算结果,总结出施工过程中典型的降噪方案,并对其可行性进行了分析,为同类型设计提供了有力的依据与参照。

Numerical Investigation on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Water in a Non-Uniformly Heated Tube for a Supercritical CFB Boiler

In this paper,a numerical model was built by ANSYS FLUENT to investigate the heat transfer performances of supercritical water in a circumferential non-uniformly heated vertical tube.The Shear Stress Transport(SST)k-ωmodel was adopted for describing turbulence.The operating parameters are chosen according to a 660 MW ultra-supercritical CFB boiler.The heat transfer performances under different operating parameters,such as boiler load,flow direction and heat flux distribution are analyzed.The temperature and heat flux on inner wall varies along the circumference and show symmetric distributions.The overall heat transfer performances at each cross section are better than the local heat transfer performance of midpoint of heating side.Flow direction has a great influence on heat transfer performance;it changes the radial distribution of axial velocity and then affects the turbulence distribution.Therefore,upward flow condition shows a better heat transfer performance.Smaller heat flux improves both the overall and local heat transfer performances.Reducing the heat flux area is not conducive to the overall heat transfer,but does not affect the local heat transfer at the midpoint of heating side.Finally,a new correlation is fitted based on the simulated results of supercritical water heat transfer with circumferential non-uniform heat flux distributions.