晋陕红香酥梨贮藏技术现状调研

目的为了深入了解晋陕红香酥梨贮藏保鲜技术现状,以及目前存在的主要问题。方法于2013-2018年对晋(山西运城盐湖区,临猗)、陕(陕西大荔)的红香酥梨贮藏企业的管理水平和后期销售等基本情况进行连续6年的跟踪调查,并分析红香酥梨采收、采后处理、保鲜技术应用现状及贮后销售情况等,总结晋陕红香酥梨采后贮藏过程中存在的主要问题,并提出相关建议。结论目前贮藏企业红香酥梨贮藏的温度管理、库间湿度和码垛基本达标,但在采收期和库间气体管理上还不达标,因此容易造成贮藏期间发生大量的生理病害,从而影响企业效益,因此应加强贮藏企业的管理水平。

不同烤梨品种加工适宜性评价

对31个烤梨及其鲜梨品种的13项品质指标进行测定,分析其品质指标变化,并对各项品质指标进行相关性分析,通过主成分分析筛选核心指标,采用频数分布对核心指标进行分级,运用层次分析法确定品质评价指标权重以及评分标准,最后采用K类中心聚类分析和判别建立烤梨品质判别函数。结果表明,不同烤梨及其鲜梨各品种间品质指标离散程度有差异;相关性分析得出除果肉L*值外,其他指标间存在不同程度的相关性;通过主成分分析筛选出8项指标为烤梨品质评价核心指标;综合考虑8项指标对烤梨品质的影响程度并进行分级,通过层次分析法确定8项指标的权重系数,由此建立烤梨评分标准;确定烤梨品质判别函数。不同烤梨品种品质可用8项指标进行综合评价,其中以雪青烤梨品质为优,鸭梨、雪花梨、佛见喜等13个品种烤梨品质为良,均可作为烤梨的优选品种。

Optimal storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment combinations for different marketing times of Korla Xiang pears

Maintenance of green color is the primary indicator of quality in the market evaluation of Korla Xiang pears at present and can generally be achieved through early harvesting and decreasing the storage temperature, but the fruit quality was reduced by early harvesting, and the decreasing storage temperature increased the risk of chilling injury. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal storage parameters for different storage times and to find ways to preserve the green skin color of pears. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）, combined with low temperature on quality and maintenance of the green color of Korla Xiang pears during storage. We found that 1-MCP and/or low temperature reduced the loss of green color at 20℃ after being removed from cold storage. In addition, 1-MCP significantly inhibited the decline of titratable acid and ascorbic acid but had no significant effect on fruit firmness and total soluble solids. Low temperature with or without 1-MCP inhibited the release of ethylene, inhibited the decline in the stalk preservation index, inhibited the increase in decay rate and weight loss rate during storage, and inhibited the increase in the core browning index after 225 days of storage. Different storage temperatures had different effects on the quality of Korla Xiang pears. Despite inhibiting ethylene release, a storage temperature of-1.5℃ increased the respiration rate. Storage at -1.5℃ caused core browning eady during storage due to chilling injury, whereas at 2℃ core browning occurred late during storage due to senescence. In late storage, 1-MCP had no significant effect on the maintenance of Korla Xiang pear quality at 2℃. Based on these results, we determined the optimal combinations of low temperature and 1-MCP treatment to maintain pear quality while avoiding chilling injury. For different marketing times, the optimal conditions for storage until New Year＇s Day （a storage duration of 90 days） are 2℃ or 1-MCP combined with 2℃. For storage until the Spring Festival （a storage duration of 150 days）, the optimal conditions are 0℃ or 1-MCP combined with 0℃, and for storage until May （a storage duration of 225 days）, the best conditions are 1-MCP combined with -1.5℃.

First report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear

Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rate of the disease has reached 10%, and sometimes up to 20%. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected pear fruit and cultured. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Athelia bombacina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear.

系统性健康教育对结直肠癌患者术后心理健康和疼痛水平的影响

【目的】探究系统性健康教育对结直肠癌术后心理健康和疼痛水平的影响。【方法】回顾性分析我院收治的104例结直肠癌手术患者的病历资料,根据不同干预方式将其分为两组,各52例。对照组进行常规干预,观察组在对照组基础上进行系统性健康教育。比较两组患者心理健康评分和疼痛水平。【结果】干预后,两组患者心理健康各指标评分均较干预前降低,且观察组焦虑、恐怖、抑郁、人际关系敏感评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)评分较干预前升高,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】结直肠癌患者予以系统性健康教育可明显改善患者的心理健康水平,在提升疼痛阈值的基础上,改善疼痛水平,临床应用价值较高。

腹腔镜袖状胃切除术后患者生活质量及肥胖病并发症的变化

目的评价腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(LSG)后1年的肥胖病患者生活质量(QOL)和体重指数的变化以及肥胖病并发症的发生情况。方法选取2016年3月至2017年3月于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院行LSG的患者71例进行前瞻性研究,男女比例为14︰57,平均年龄(42.1±11.2)岁,术后随访一年,观察肥胖相关指标以及并发症的变化情况,使用《SF-36量表》分析患者术前、术后3个月、6个月、12个月生活质量的变化。结果与术前相比,患者的体能组成总得分、躯体功能、一般健康和体重指数,生活质量改善在早至术后3个月即有显著性差异,并持续增加至12个月(P<0.05);对于身体疼痛、一般健康、生命力、社会功能和心理健康,观察到的从术前到术后3个月时间点的增加具有显著性(P<0.05),且与一般人群相比,不再具有显著性差异(P>0.05);另外,术后12个月肥胖病并发症的患病率显著下降(P<0.05)。结论LSG术后早期和中期即可显著改善肥胖病患者的生活质量、减轻体重、降低并发症患病率。

2型糖尿病患者自我损耗现状及其对健康促进的影响

目的分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者自我损耗和健康促进的相关性。方法采取便利抽样的方法选取北京市4所医院于2017年1—12月住院治疗T2DM患者257例作为调查对象。调查其基本资料、自我损耗和健康促进水平。结果 T2DM患者自我损耗得分为175.66±6.47,得分率为73.19%,健康促进得分为87.82±6.41,得分率62.73%。T2DM患者自我损耗与健康促进呈显著负相关性(P<0.01),T2DM患者自我损耗各维度也均与健康促进各维度呈显著负相关性(均P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,女性、高龄、病程久、高血压、吸烟、焦虑抑郁明显和伴有并发症均是T2DM患者自我损耗的显著威胁因素(均P<0.01),而文化程度高、家庭人均收入高、运动程度高、睡眠质量好和血糖控制理想均是T2DM患者自我损耗的显著保护因素(P<0.01)。结论 T2DM患者自我损耗程度较明显,可间接降低健康促进行为。