Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing se...Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.展开更多
以杂交香稻品种青香优19香为材料,设置超声波处理种子(UT,种子发芽前,放入隧道式超声波处理器,在室温下以50 kHz频率处理1.0 min)及非超声波处理种子(CK),用钵苗盘在低温人工气候箱(白天12 h 22℃,晚上12 h 12℃)、高温人工气候箱(白天1...以杂交香稻品种青香优19香为材料,设置超声波处理种子(UT,种子发芽前,放入隧道式超声波处理器,在室温下以50 kHz频率处理1.0 min)及非超声波处理种子(CK),用钵苗盘在低温人工气候箱(白天12 h 22℃,晚上12 h 12℃)、高温人工气候箱(白天12 h 35℃,晚上12 h 25℃)和室温网室(白天平均温度为25.3℃,夜间平均温度为16.6℃)培育秧苗,20 d后统一转移至网室盆中种植至成熟,测定苗期秧苗素质、抗逆性相关酶活性、产量和2-AP含量,以探明超声波处理种子对香稻秧苗素质、抗逆性、产量和香气的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,UT处理提高了水稻苗期植株的株高和茎基宽,显著提高了苗期植株的鲜质量和干质量;UT处理后青香优19香的POD、CAT活性和MDA含量与CK相比无显著差异,但SOD活性、结实率和每穗粒数显著提高,从而显著提高产量;UT处理种子显著提高了青香优19香的2-AP含量。展开更多
To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxi...To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020.The experiment comprised of following treatments:CK(no fertilizer and no straw return),MDS(deep N fertilization and straw return),MBS(broadcasting fertilizer and straw return),MD(deep N fertilization without straw return),MB(broadcasting fertilizer without straw return).Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%-72.22%due to total above-ground biomass,leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%-55.80%,38.52%-52.17%and 17.89%-28.40%,respectively,compared to the MB treatment.In addition,the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%-43.69%,N recovery efficiency by 141.45%-164.65%,N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%-134.19%,nitrate reductase by 46.46%-60.86%and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%-31.02%,compared to the MB treatment.The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment.Hence,deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971843)the Technology System of Modern Agricultural Industry in Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020KJ105)+1 种基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.202103000075)the Special Rural Revitalization Funds of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2021KJ382)。
文摘Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.
文摘以杂交香稻品种青香优19香为材料,设置超声波处理种子(UT,种子发芽前,放入隧道式超声波处理器,在室温下以50 kHz频率处理1.0 min)及非超声波处理种子(CK),用钵苗盘在低温人工气候箱(白天12 h 22℃,晚上12 h 12℃)、高温人工气候箱(白天12 h 35℃,晚上12 h 25℃)和室温网室(白天平均温度为25.3℃,夜间平均温度为16.6℃)培育秧苗,20 d后统一转移至网室盆中种植至成熟,测定苗期秧苗素质、抗逆性相关酶活性、产量和2-AP含量,以探明超声波处理种子对香稻秧苗素质、抗逆性、产量和香气的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,UT处理提高了水稻苗期植株的株高和茎基宽,显著提高了苗期植株的鲜质量和干质量;UT处理后青香优19香的POD、CAT活性和MDA含量与CK相比无显著差异,但SOD活性、结实率和每穗粒数显著提高,从而显著提高产量;UT处理种子显著提高了青香优19香的2-AP含量。
文摘【目的】探索香稻适宜的水肥管理模式。【方法】以常规香稻"桂香占"和杂交香稻"培杂软香"为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置二因子三水平随机区组共9个处理,即水分因子设常规灌溉(维持水层1~3 cm,W0)、轻度控水灌溉(土壤水势维持在-20^-5 k Pa,W1)和重度控水灌溉(土壤水势维持在-40^-25 k Pa,W2);粒肥因子设不施粒肥(N0)、低氮粒肥(每盆施尿素0.43 g,N1)和高氮粒肥(每盆施尿素1.08 g,N2),并以常规灌溉不施粒肥处理(W0N0)为对照,研究了9个处理对香稻香气、品质和产量的影响。【结果】轻度控水灌溉高氮粒肥处理(W1N2)香稻"桂香占"和"培杂软香"的糙米香气分别比W0N0处理显著增加了176.1%和62.3%;W1N2处理"桂香占"的精米率比W0N0处理显著提高了69.78%,但对"培杂软香"的精米率没有显著影响;W1N2处理"桂香占"和"培杂软香"的垩白粒率分别比W0N0处理显著降低了15.03%和9.45%;W1N2处理"桂香占"的总粒数和"培杂软香"的有效穗分别比W0N0处理显著提高了3.95%和24.72%;常规灌溉高氮粒肥处理(W0N2)处理"桂香占"和"培杂软香"的实际产量分别为6.85 t/hm2和6.97 t/hm2比其他各处理实际产量稍高,但各处理与W0N0处理相比没有显著差异。【结论】轻度控水灌溉高氮粒肥处理是浓香高产优质的最佳栽培措施,可在香稻的大面积和标准化种植中推广应用。
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grant No.2021A1515011255)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2019B020221003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31471442)。
文摘To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020.The experiment comprised of following treatments:CK(no fertilizer and no straw return),MDS(deep N fertilization and straw return),MBS(broadcasting fertilizer and straw return),MD(deep N fertilization without straw return),MB(broadcasting fertilizer without straw return).Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%-72.22%due to total above-ground biomass,leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%-55.80%,38.52%-52.17%and 17.89%-28.40%,respectively,compared to the MB treatment.In addition,the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%-43.69%,N recovery efficiency by 141.45%-164.65%,N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%-134.19%,nitrate reductase by 46.46%-60.86%and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%-31.02%,compared to the MB treatment.The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment.Hence,deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China.
