Liquid phase epitaxy magnetic garnet films and their applications

Liquid phase epitaxy （LPE） is a mature technology. Early experiments on single magnetic crystal films fabricated by LPE were focused mainly on thick films for microwave and magneto-optical devices. The LPE is an excellent way to make a thick film, low damping magnetic garnet film and high-quality magneto-optical material. Today, the principal challenge in the applied material is to create sub-micrometer devices by using modern photolithography technique. Until now the magnetic garnet films fabricated by LPE still show the best quality even on a nanoscale （about 100 nm）, which was considered to be impossible for LPE method.

Clinical Features and Prognostic Risk Factors of Choroic Plexus Tumors in Children

Background:Decision-making concerning the treatment ofchoroid plexus tumor (CPT)in pediatric patients remains a topic of considerable debate.The aim of this work was to describe clinical features and prognostic risk factors of CPT in the pediatric population and to provide theoretical opinions regarding clinical decisions for CPT. Methods:The data of 96 patients with CPT and younger than 14 years were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical characteristics such as pathological type of CPTs,rate and severity of hydrocephalus,treatment and outcome,and recurrence were investigated.For categorical variables,the Pearson's Chi-square test was performed.The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparisons between nonnormally distributed parameters.Log-rank test was used for progression-free survival (PFS). Results:The study included 70 choroid plexus papilloma (CPP)cases,17 atypical choroid plexus papilioma (aCPP)cases,and 9 choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC)cases.Compared with patients with CPP or aCPP,patients with CPC had a shorter disease course (median:CPP, 4 months;aCPP,2 months;CPC,1 month;H:23.5,P <0.001),higher rate of acute hydrocephalus (CPP,27.1%;aCPP,52.9%;CPC, 77.8%;x^2 =10.9,P <0.05),and lower incidence of cure rate (CPP,85.7%;aCPP,70.5%;CPC,33.3%;x^2 =13.5,P <0.05).The severity of hydrocephalus with tumor in the lateral or third ventricle was significantly higher than that with tumors in the fourth ventricle (severe hydrocephalus:lateral ventricle,51.7%;third ventricle,47.0%;fourth ventricle,11.1%;x^2 =26.0,P <0.001).Patients with gross total surgical resection had no better PFS than those with partial resection because of the use of adjuvant therapy in the latter (x^2 =4.0,P >0.05). Patients with CPC experienced shorter time for recurrence than those with CPP or aCPP (x^2 =40.1,P <0.0001). Conclusions:Our results indicated that CPP in the fourth ventricle could trigger serious clinical symptoms at an early stage,requiring early intervention.Adjuvant treatment might be necessary for patients with partially resected CPP,aCPP,and CPC to achieve a favorable outcome.