Objective: A community-based intervention study was conducted to examine the effect of consumption of JCM 5805 yogurt on influenza incidence rates and the cumulative incidence rates among schoolchildren in Iwate Prefe...Objective: A community-based intervention study was conducted to examine the effect of consumption of JCM 5805 yogurt on influenza incidence rates and the cumulative incidence rates among schoolchildren in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Methods: Schoolchildren and their parents in Shizukuishi town were told of the purpose, frequency and duration of JCM 5805 yogurt administration. The number of elementary schoolchildren in Shizukuishi town was 780 while that of junior high school students in Shizukuishi town numbered 475. The number of elementary schoolchildren in neighboring town A was 208 and that of junior high school students in town A was 121. JCM 5805 yogurt was delivered three times a week to all elementary schools and junior high schools in Shizukuishi town from January 16 through March 18, 2015. The incidence rate was calculated every week as the maximum case number divided by the number of schoolchildren in each school. The cumulative incidence rate was calculated as the total case number during the period when JCM 5805 yogurt was delivered divided by the number of schoolchildren in each school. Results: JCM 5805 yogurt intake was associated with a two-thirds reduction in influenza incidence rates in Shizukuishi town schoolchildren compared with those of town A. Furthermore, the cumulative incidence rates of the elementary school and combined data from the elementary school and junior high school were significantly lower than those of neighbor town A. Conclusion: JCM 5805 yogurt intake reduced both the incidence rates and cumulative incidence rates of influenza.展开更多
The incidence of esophagogastric junction(EGJ)adenocarcinoma has been increasing in Asian countries.Despite the recent advances in multidisciplinary treatments,EGJ adenocarcinoma remains aggressive with unfavorable ou...The incidence of esophagogastric junction(EGJ)adenocarcinoma has been increasing in Asian countries.Despite the recent advances in multidisciplinary treatments,EGJ adenocarcinoma remains aggressive with unfavorable outcomes.Regarding surgical strategy,EGJ adenocarcinoma arises between the esophagus and the stomach,and thus tumor cells spread through the lymphatic system both upward to the mediastinum and downward to the abdomen.Nevertheless,an optimal extent of lymphadenectomy remains controversial.Regarding drug therapy,the latest topic in gastric and EGJ adenocarcinoma is trastuzumab deruxtecan,which is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of an anti-HER2 antibody.In addition,many clinical trials have recently demonstrated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Meanwhile,recent advances in sequencing technology have revealed that gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma could be categorized into four molecular subtypes:epstein-Barr virus-associated,high-level microsatellite instability,genomically stable,and chromosomal instability tumors.Furthermore,these subtypes show distinct clinical phenotypes and molecular alterations.We review the current surgical strategy and drug treatment such as molecular-targeted agents,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and molecular-subtype-based therapeutic strategies in EGJ adenocarcinoma.Clinical and molecular characteristics and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors differ among molecular subtypes.Treatment strategies based on molecular subtypes may be clinically beneficial for patients with EGJ adenocarcinoma.展开更多
文摘Objective: A community-based intervention study was conducted to examine the effect of consumption of JCM 5805 yogurt on influenza incidence rates and the cumulative incidence rates among schoolchildren in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Methods: Schoolchildren and their parents in Shizukuishi town were told of the purpose, frequency and duration of JCM 5805 yogurt administration. The number of elementary schoolchildren in Shizukuishi town was 780 while that of junior high school students in Shizukuishi town numbered 475. The number of elementary schoolchildren in neighboring town A was 208 and that of junior high school students in town A was 121. JCM 5805 yogurt was delivered three times a week to all elementary schools and junior high schools in Shizukuishi town from January 16 through March 18, 2015. The incidence rate was calculated every week as the maximum case number divided by the number of schoolchildren in each school. The cumulative incidence rate was calculated as the total case number during the period when JCM 5805 yogurt was delivered divided by the number of schoolchildren in each school. Results: JCM 5805 yogurt intake was associated with a two-thirds reduction in influenza incidence rates in Shizukuishi town schoolchildren compared with those of town A. Furthermore, the cumulative incidence rates of the elementary school and combined data from the elementary school and junior high school were significantly lower than those of neighbor town A. Conclusion: JCM 5805 yogurt intake reduced both the incidence rates and cumulative incidence rates of influenza.
文摘The incidence of esophagogastric junction(EGJ)adenocarcinoma has been increasing in Asian countries.Despite the recent advances in multidisciplinary treatments,EGJ adenocarcinoma remains aggressive with unfavorable outcomes.Regarding surgical strategy,EGJ adenocarcinoma arises between the esophagus and the stomach,and thus tumor cells spread through the lymphatic system both upward to the mediastinum and downward to the abdomen.Nevertheless,an optimal extent of lymphadenectomy remains controversial.Regarding drug therapy,the latest topic in gastric and EGJ adenocarcinoma is trastuzumab deruxtecan,which is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of an anti-HER2 antibody.In addition,many clinical trials have recently demonstrated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Meanwhile,recent advances in sequencing technology have revealed that gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma could be categorized into four molecular subtypes:epstein-Barr virus-associated,high-level microsatellite instability,genomically stable,and chromosomal instability tumors.Furthermore,these subtypes show distinct clinical phenotypes and molecular alterations.We review the current surgical strategy and drug treatment such as molecular-targeted agents,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and molecular-subtype-based therapeutic strategies in EGJ adenocarcinoma.Clinical and molecular characteristics and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors differ among molecular subtypes.Treatment strategies based on molecular subtypes may be clinically beneficial for patients with EGJ adenocarcinoma.
