Lidar techniques present a distinctive ability to resolve vertical structure of optical properties within the upper water column at both day-and night-time.However,accuracy challenges remain for existing lidar instrum...Lidar techniques present a distinctive ability to resolve vertical structure of optical properties within the upper water column at both day-and night-time.However,accuracy challenges remain for existing lidar instruments due to the ill-posed nature of elastic backscatter lidar retrievals and multiple scattering.Here we demonstrate the high performance of,to the best of our knowledge,the first shipborne oceanic high-spectral-resolution lidar(HSRL)and illustrate a multiple scattering correction algorithm to rigorously address the above challenges in estimating the depth-resolved diffuse attenuation coefficient Kd and the particulate backscattering coefficient bbp at 532 nm.HSRL data were collected during day-and night-time within the coastal areas of East China Sea and South China Sea,which are connected by the Taiwan Strait.Results include vertical profiles from open ocean waters to moderate turbid waters and first lidar continuous observation of diel vertical distribution of thin layers at a fixed station.The root-mean-square relative differences between the HSRL and coincident in situ measurements are 5.6%and 9.1%for Kd and bbp,respectively,corresponding to an improvement of 2.7-13.5 and 4.9-44.1 times,respectively,with respect to elastic backscatter lidar methods.Shipborne oceanic HSRLs with high performance are expected to be of paramount importance for the construction of 3D map of ocean ecosystem.展开更多
The vampire squid,Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun,1903,is currently the only extant species in the family Vampyroteuthidae Chun,1903.However,specimens from the Gulf of Guinea,Africa,and California suggested the possibi...The vampire squid,Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun,1903,is currently the only extant species in the family Vampyroteuthidae Chun,1903.However,specimens from the Gulf of Guinea,Africa,and California suggested the possibility of additional taxa.Here,we report the second species of Vampyroteuthis,collected from the South China Sea,China,which differs from V.infernalis by its tail shape,lower beak,photophores position,and the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA(LSU)sequences:V.infernalis present by the lacking of the tail,photophores located approximately one-third of the points between the fins and end,and the lower beak with a broad,short wing;V.pseudoinfernalis Qiu,Liu&Huang,sp.nov.present by an acuate tail,a pair of photophores located at the midpoints between the fins and tail,and a lower beak with a broad,elongate wing.展开更多
基金This study was supported by Excellent Young Scientist Program of Zhejang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR19D050001)National Key ResearchandDevelopment Programof China(2016YFC1400900)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(international team)Scientific Research Foundation for Talent Introduction(20201203Z0175,20201203Z0177)of Zhejiang University Ningbo Campus.
文摘Lidar techniques present a distinctive ability to resolve vertical structure of optical properties within the upper water column at both day-and night-time.However,accuracy challenges remain for existing lidar instruments due to the ill-posed nature of elastic backscatter lidar retrievals and multiple scattering.Here we demonstrate the high performance of,to the best of our knowledge,the first shipborne oceanic high-spectral-resolution lidar(HSRL)and illustrate a multiple scattering correction algorithm to rigorously address the above challenges in estimating the depth-resolved diffuse attenuation coefficient Kd and the particulate backscattering coefficient bbp at 532 nm.HSRL data were collected during day-and night-time within the coastal areas of East China Sea and South China Sea,which are connected by the Taiwan Strait.Results include vertical profiles from open ocean waters to moderate turbid waters and first lidar continuous observation of diel vertical distribution of thin layers at a fixed station.The root-mean-square relative differences between the HSRL and coincident in situ measurements are 5.6%and 9.1%for Kd and bbp,respectively,corresponding to an improvement of 2.7-13.5 and 4.9-44.1 times,respectively,with respect to elastic backscatter lidar methods.Shipborne oceanic HSRLs with high performance are expected to be of paramount importance for the construction of 3D map of ocean ecosystem.
基金This research was supported by the program of the Natural Science Foundation of China(42276165,41776154,41130855).
文摘The vampire squid,Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun,1903,is currently the only extant species in the family Vampyroteuthidae Chun,1903.However,specimens from the Gulf of Guinea,Africa,and California suggested the possibility of additional taxa.Here,we report the second species of Vampyroteuthis,collected from the South China Sea,China,which differs from V.infernalis by its tail shape,lower beak,photophores position,and the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA(LSU)sequences:V.infernalis present by the lacking of the tail,photophores located approximately one-third of the points between the fins and end,and the lower beak with a broad,short wing;V.pseudoinfernalis Qiu,Liu&Huang,sp.nov.present by an acuate tail,a pair of photophores located at the midpoints between the fins and tail,and a lower beak with a broad,elongate wing.
