Plantain-based diet modulates atrazine-induced testicular toxicities in rats

Objective:To assess the potential of plantain-based diet in modulating testicular toxicities in rats exposed to atrazine.Methods:The plantain-based diet at 50%,25% and 12.5% were prepared from the basal diet by substituting the corn starch with plantain fruit pulp flour at different percentages.Wistar rats were fed plantain-based diet in varying concentrations ranging from 12.5% to 50% of the basal diet for 21 days before or after atrazine treatment in a two-phase experiment:preventive and therapeutic phases.The therapeutic model(n=35)had seven groups with 5 rats each,including the control,atrazine,atrazine recovery,atrazine plus plantain-based diet 50%,25%,12.5%,and atrazine plus quercetin groups.The preventive model(n=30)had six groups of 5 rats,consisting of the control,atrazine,50%,25%,12.5% plantain-based diet plus atrazine,and quercetin plus atrazine groups.Gonadal hormones(testosterone,luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone),sperm parameters(sperm motility,viability,morphology and concentration),and testicular function indices(protein,cholesterol,glycogen,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase)were measured.Results:The gonadal hormones,sperm characteristics,and testicular function indices of the rat testis decreased significantly in the atrazine group alongside degeneration of the histoarchitecture.However,plantain-based diet restored the gonadal hormone concentrations,semen parameters,and testicular function indices in both the preventive and therapeutic models.Conclusions:Treatment with plantain-based diet protects against rat testicular toxicity caused by atrazine via the modulation of gonadal hormones,sperm quality,testicular function index as well as histoarchitecture of rat testes.

Therapeutic potential of rutin in male infertility:A mini review

Male infertility has become a problem worldwide,and recent research has emphasized the development of more effective therapy options.Among natural compounds,rutin has been widely studied for its potential to treat dysfunction related to male infertility,including a reduction in sperm quality,spermatogenesis disruption and structural disruption in the testis.A thorough review of scientific literature published in several databases,including Google Scholar,PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus,was used to synthesize the present state of research on the role of rutin in male reproductive health.Rutin has been shown to possess antiapoptotic,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,among others,which are crucial in the management of male infertility.Numerous investigations have shown that rutin protects against male infertility and have explored the underlying mechanisms involved.The present review,therefore,assesses the therapeutic mechanisms involved in male infertility treatment using rutin.Rutin was able to mitigate the induced oxidative stress,apoptosis,inflammation,and related physiological processes that can cause testicular dysfunction.

Diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanism to pathophysiologyand pharmacology

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and a range of other symptomsthat last for a long period of time. It has a rapid prevalence globally, and there is a possibility of the statisticdoubling in a few years. This review is aimed at evaluating the mechanism, pathophysiology, and pharmacologyof diabetes mellitus. The data used was sourced through a thorough review of scientific articles published in avariety of databases, including Springer, Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Wiley, Web of Science, PubMed, andTaylor & Francis. Furthermore, PhD and MSc theses were also used in compiling data. According to the literaturereview, diabetes mellitus is a persistent condition with various risk factors and serious complications that affectthe quality of life. However, research studies have helped in the prognosis, diagnosis, treatment, and managementof its different forms.