This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of beehive extract and developed topical antimicrobial gel. The beehives were extracted with three different solvents： distilled water, 50% ethanol and 95% eth...This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of beehive extract and developed topical antimicrobial gel. The beehives were extracted with three different solvents： distilled water, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol, then each filtrate was evaporated by vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain crude extracts： water extract （W）, water-ethanol extract （WE） and ethanol extract （E）. These extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against five bacterial strains： Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）, Psuedomonas aeuruginosa （ATCC 27853）, Staphylococcus aureus （ATCC 25923）, Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） and β-hemolytic Streptococcus group A （GAS）, then they were evaluated for their MIC and MBC values. The results revealed that the yield of the W, WE and E extracts amounted to 16.25%, 14.42% and 6.67%, respectively. Whereas, all of the samples were found to be effective against P. aeuruginosa, S. aureus, MRSA and GAS, but they were ineffective against E. coli. The W extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 31.25-62.50 mg/mL and MBC values of 62.50 mg/mL. Then the gel bases using different gelling agents such as carbopol, hydroxyethylcellulose （HEC） and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose （HPMC） were formulated and evaluated for their physical properties： appearance, texture, pH, spread ability and stability. The formula which contained HEC was selected to incorporate with the W extract due to its smooth texture, good spreadability on the skin and good stability. The W gel exhibited a promising antimicrobial activity in both before and after stability test and also expressed no skin irritation.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of beehive extract and developed topical antimicrobial gel. The beehives were extracted with three different solvents： distilled water, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol, then each filtrate was evaporated by vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain crude extracts： water extract （W）, water-ethanol extract （WE） and ethanol extract （E）. These extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against five bacterial strains： Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）, Psuedomonas aeuruginosa （ATCC 27853）, Staphylococcus aureus （ATCC 25923）, Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） and β-hemolytic Streptococcus group A （GAS）, then they were evaluated for their MIC and MBC values. The results revealed that the yield of the W, WE and E extracts amounted to 16.25%, 14.42% and 6.67%, respectively. Whereas, all of the samples were found to be effective against P. aeuruginosa, S. aureus, MRSA and GAS, but they were ineffective against E. coli. The W extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 31.25-62.50 mg/mL and MBC values of 62.50 mg/mL. Then the gel bases using different gelling agents such as carbopol, hydroxyethylcellulose （HEC） and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose （HPMC） were formulated and evaluated for their physical properties： appearance, texture, pH, spread ability and stability. The formula which contained HEC was selected to incorporate with the W extract due to its smooth texture, good spreadability on the skin and good stability. The W gel exhibited a promising antimicrobial activity in both before and after stability test and also expressed no skin irritation.
