Traditional short-time fractional Fourier transform(STFrFT)has a single and fixed window function,which can not be adjusted adaptively according to the characteristics of fre-quency and frequency change rate.In order ...Traditional short-time fractional Fourier transform(STFrFT)has a single and fixed window function,which can not be adjusted adaptively according to the characteristics of fre-quency and frequency change rate.In order to overcome the shortcomings,the STFrFT method with adaptive window function is proposed.In this method,the window function of STFrFT is ad-aptively adjusted by establishing a library containing multiple window functions and taking the minimum information entropy as the criterion,so as to obtain a time-frequency distribution that better matches the desired signal.This method takes into account the time-frequency resolution characteristics of STFrFT and the excellent characteristics of adaptive adjustment to window func-tion,improves the time-frequency aggregation on the basis of eliminating cross term interference,and provides a new tool for improving the time-frequency analysis ability of complex modulated sig-nals.展开更多
Cannabis has attracted a new wave of research attention as an herbal medicine. To deliver compliant, uniform, and safe cannabis medicine, growers should optimize growing environments on a site-specific basis. Consider...Cannabis has attracted a new wave of research attention as an herbal medicine. To deliver compliant, uniform, and safe cannabis medicine, growers should optimize growing environments on a site-specific basis. Considering that environmental factors are interconnected, changes in a factor prompts adjustment of other factors. This paper reviews existing work that considers indoor growing conditions (light, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, growing media, and nutrient supply), management practices (irrigation, fertilization, pruning & training, and harvest timing), and post-harvest treatment (drying and storage) for cannabis indoor production.展开更多
Aomalous changes in the ST segment, including ST level deviation and ST shape change, are the major parameters in clinical electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Automatic detection of ST segment mo...Aomalous changes in the ST segment, including ST level deviation and ST shape change, are the major parameters in clinical electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Automatic detection of ST segment morphology can provide a more accurate evidence for clinical diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. In this paper, we proposed a method for classifying the shape of the ST-segment based on the curvature scale space (CSS) technique. First, we established a reference ST set and preprocessed the ECG signal by using the CSS technique. Then, the corner points in the ST-segment were detected at a high scale of the CSS and tracked through multiple lower scales, in order to improve its localization. Finally, the current beat of ST morphology can be distinguished by the corner points. We applied the developed algorithm to the ECG recordings in European ST-T database and QT database to validate the accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results showed that the average detection accuracy of our algorithm was 91.60%. We could conclude that the proposed method is able to provide a new way for the automatic detection of myocardial ischemia.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the global existence and decay rates of strong solutions to the three-dimensional compressible quantum Hall-magneto-hydrodynamics equations. By combing the Lp-Lq estimates for the linearized...In this paper, we consider the global existence and decay rates of strong solutions to the three-dimensional compressible quantum Hall-magneto-hydrodynamics equations. By combing the Lp-Lq estimates for the linearized equations and a standard energy method, the global existence and its convergence rates are obtained in various norms for the solution to the equilibrium state in the whole space when the initial perturbation of the stationary solution is small in some Sobolev norms. More precisely, the decay rates in time of the solution and its first order derivatives in L2-norm are obtained when the L1-norm of the perturbation is bounded.展开更多
Tetracycline is a typical antibiotic commonly used in various industries which is eco-toxic and quickly causes bacterial resistance.Therefo re,studying the efficient removal of tetracycline is necessary to protect the...Tetracycline is a typical antibiotic commonly used in various industries which is eco-toxic and quickly causes bacterial resistance.Therefo re,studying the efficient removal of tetracycline is necessary to protect the water environment.Herein,a novel Ce/Fe nanoparticle composite(1CCFO)was prepared by the sol-gel method and its removal effects of tetracycline under visible light were performed.The relationship between physicochemical properties of catalyst and photocatalytic degradation effects of tetracycline was analyzed based on a series of characterizations data such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectro scopy,a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopy.The results show that Ce/Fe photocatalyst possesses a large specific surface area,good visible light response,abundant oxygen vacancies and excellent redox performance,exhibiting good adsorption capacity,remarkable catalytic performance and stability.The optimal conditions for tetracycline removal were explored through orthogonal experiments.About 88%of tetracycline can be photodegraded in 1 h under optimal conditions.The possible decomposition pathways,main reactive oxygen species and suitable mechanism of the photocatalytic system were studied by liquid chromatography-mass spectro metry(LC-MS),an electron spin resonance(ESR)spectrometer and free radical quenching experiments.The results show that 1CCFO has an efficient degradation effect on tetracycline under visible light,which provides a feasible method to improve the performance of 1CCFO.展开更多
In plant immunity,the mutually antagonistic hormones salicylic acid(SA)and jasmonic acid(JA)are implicated in resistance to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens,respectively.Promoters that can respond to both SA and ...In plant immunity,the mutually antagonistic hormones salicylic acid(SA)and jasmonic acid(JA)are implicated in resistance to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens,respectively.Promoters that can respond to both SA and JA signals are urgently needed to engineer plants with enhanced resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens.However,few natural pathogen-inducible promoters are available for this purpose.To address this problem,we have developed a strategy to synthesize dual SA-and JA-responsive promoters by combining SA-and JA-responsive cis elements based on the interaction between their cognate transacting factors.The resulting promoters respond rapidly and strongly to both SA and Methyl Jasmonate(MeJA),as well as different types of phytopathogens.When such a synthetic promoter was used to control expression of an antimicrobial peptide,transgenic plants displayed enhanced resistance to a diverse range of biotrophic,necrotrophic,and hemi-biotrophic pathogens.A dual-inducible promoter responsive to the antagonistic signals auxin and cytokinin was generated in a similar manner,confirming that our strategy can be used for the design of other biotically or abiotically inducible systems.展开更多
Minichromosome Maintenance protein 10(MCM10)is essential for DNA replication initiation and DNA elongation in yeasts and animals.Although the functions of MCM10 in DNA replication and repair have been well documented,...Minichromosome Maintenance protein 10(MCM10)is essential for DNA replication initiation and DNA elongation in yeasts and animals.Although the functions of MCM10 in DNA replication and repair have been well documented,the detailed mechanisms for MCM10 in these processes are not well known.Here,we identified AtMCM10 gene through a forward genetic screening for releasing a silenced marker gene.Although plant MCM10 possesses a similar crystal structure as animal MCM10,AtMCM10 is not essential for plant growth or development in Arabidopsis.AtMCM10 can directly bind to histone H3-H4 and promotes nucleosome assembly in vitro.The nucleosome density is decreased in Atmcm10,and most of the nucleosome density decreased regions in Atmcm10 are also regulated by newly synthesized histone chaperone Chromatin Assembly Factor-1(CAF-1).Loss of both AtMCM10 and CAF-1 is embryo lethal,indicating that AtM CM10 and CAF-1 are indispensable for replication-coupled nucleosome assembly.AtMCM10 interacts with both new and parental histones.Atmcm10 mutants have lower H3.1abundance and reduced H3K27me1/3 levels with releasing some silenced transposons.We propose that AtM CM10 deposits new and parental histones during nucleosome assembly,maintaining proper epigenetic modifications and genome stability during DNA replication.展开更多
Surface ozone(O_(3))is influenced by regional background and local photochemical formation under favorable meteorological conditions.Understanding the contribution of these factors to changes in O_(3)is crucial to add...Surface ozone(O_(3))is influenced by regional background and local photochemical formation under favorable meteorological conditions.Understanding the contribution of these factors to changes in O_(3)is crucial to address the issue of O_(3)pollution.In this study,we propose a novel integrated method that combines random forest,principal component analysis,and Shapley additive explanations to distinguish observed O_(3)into meteorologically affected ozone(O_(3_MET)),chemically formed from local emissions(O_(3_LC)),and regional background ozone(O_(3_RBG)).Applied to three typical stations in Shanghai during the warm season from 2013 to 2021,the results indicate that O_(3_RBG)in Shanghai was 48.8±0.3 ppb,accounting for 79.6%–89.4%at different sites,with an overall declining trend of 0.018 ppb/yr.O_(3_LC)at urban and regional sites ranged from 5.9–9.0 ppb and 8.9–14.6 ppb,respectively,which were significantly higher than the contributions of 2.5–7.4 ppb at an upwind background site.O_(3_MET)can be categorized into those affecting O_(3)photochemical generation and those changing O_(3)dispersion conditions,with absolute contributions to O_(3)ranging from 13.4–19.0 ppb and 13.1–13.7 ppb,respectively.We found that the O_(3)rebound in 2017,compared to 2013,was primarily influenced by unfavorable O_(3)dispersion conditions and unbalanced emission reductions;while the O_(3)decline in 2021,compared to 2017,was primarily influenced by overall favorable meteorological conditions and further emissions reduction.These findings highlight the challenge of understanding O_(3)change due to meteorology and regional background,emphasizing the need for systematic interpretation of the different components of O_(3).展开更多
Several monocentric studies have noted alterations in spontaneous brain activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although there is no consensus on the altered amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in AD patients. T...Several monocentric studies have noted alterations in spontaneous brain activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although there is no consensus on the altered amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in AD patients. The main aim of the present study was to identify a reliable and reproducible abnormal brain activity pattern in AD. The amplitude of local brain activity (AM), which can provide fast mapping of spontaneous brain activity across the whole brain, was evaluated based on multisite rs-fMRI data for 688 subjects (215 normal controls (NCs), 221 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) 252 AD). Two-sample t-tests were used to detect group differences between AD patients and NCs from the same site. Differences in the AM maps were statistically analyzed via the Stouffer's meta-analysis. Consistent regions of lower spontaneous brain activity in the default mode network and increased activity in the bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampus, thalamus, caudate nucleus, orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and left fusiform were observed in the AD patients compared with those in NCs. Significant correlations (P?<?0.05, Bonferroni corrected) between the normalized amplitude index and Mini-Mental State Examination scores were found in the identified brain regions, which indicates that the altered brain activity was associated with cognitive decline in the patients. Multivariate analysis and leave-one-site-out cross-validation led to a 78.49% prediction accuracy for single-patient classification. The altered activity patterns of the identified brain regions were largely correlated with the FDG-PET results from another independent study. These results emphasized the impaired brain activity to provide a robust and reproducible imaging signature of AD.展开更多
Ultraviolet-B(UV-B)is a relatively minor component of sunlight,but can induce stress-related physiological pro-cesses or UV-B-specifi c photomorphogenic responses in plants.In the last decade,signifi cant progress has...Ultraviolet-B(UV-B)is a relatively minor component of sunlight,but can induce stress-related physiological pro-cesses or UV-B-specifi c photomorphogenic responses in plants.In the last decade,signifi cant progress has been made in understanding the UV-B photomorphogenic pathway,including identifi cation of the key components in the pathway,molecular characterization of UV-B pho-toreceptor and perception mechanism,and elucidation of the signal transduction mechanisms from the photo-activated UV-B receptor to downstream gene expression.This review summarizes the key players identifi ed to date in the UV-B photomorphogenic pathway and their roles in mediating UV-B signal transduction.展开更多
The phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） regulates many aspects of division. Previous study indicates that ABA treatment increases DNA plant growth, including seed germination, root growth and cell damage and somatic ho...The phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） regulates many aspects of division. Previous study indicates that ABA treatment increases DNA plant growth, including seed germination, root growth and cell damage and somatic homologous recombination （HR） in Arabi- dopsis abo4/pol ε （aba overly-sensitive 4/DNA polymerase ε） mutants. DNA replication factor C （RFC） complex is required for loading PCNA （Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen） during DNA replication. The defect in RFC1, the largest subunit of RFC, causes the high HR and DNA damage sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Here we found that like pol e/abo4, rfcl is sensitive to ABA in both ABA-inhibiting seed germination and root growth. However, ABA treatment greatly reduces HR and also reduces the expression of the DNA-damaged marker genes in ,rfcl. These results suggest that RFCI plays critical roles in ABA-mediated HR in Arabidopsis.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the secure H_(∞) control problem for cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under time-delay attacks,which cause the systems’information to be received with delays.Through transforming the H_(∞) c...This paper is concerned with the secure H_(∞) control problem for cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under time-delay attacks,which cause the systems’information to be received with delays.Through transforming the H_(∞) control problem to a two-player zero-sum game problem,the H_(∞) controller can be obtained by solving the saddle point for the game.Due to the unknown system parameters,a model-free reinforcement learning(RL)method is applied,and the measurement feedback controller is designed based on the historical inputs and the tracking errors.To obviate the requirement of the initial admissible policy,the value iteration(VI)of the adaptive dynamic program(ADP)algorithm is proposed to solve the approximate saddle point.Moreover,the con-vergence of the proposed algorithm is proved.Finally,a networked circuit system is employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.展开更多
Developments of digital technology and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction allowed a precise description of anatomic structures.With the introduction of Visible Human Project and Virtual Chinese Human(VCH)techniques,m...Developments of digital technology and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction allowed a precise description of anatomic structures.With the introduction of Visible Human Project and Virtual Chinese Human(VCH)techniques,more detailed anatomic images could be obtained.Digitized visible models of these structures can be applied as a useful tool in clinical training.The aim of this study was to reconstruct the normal structures of thoracodorsal artery in 3D images and to establish the digitized visible models of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous(LDM)flap.The cross-sectional images from the four VCH datasets were reviewed to study LDM and thoraco-dorsal artery structures on a section-by-section basis.Next,two adult fresh cadaver specimens were perfused with lead oxide-gelatine mixture and subject to radio-graphic CT scanning on their torsos.The cross-sectional images from the CT images were reviewed to study thor-acodorsal artery structures.Three-dimensional computer-ized reconstructions of LDM flap structures were conducted from these datasets by using Amira 3.1(TGS)software respectively.The 3D reconstructed visible models established from these datasets perfectly displayed the anatomic characteristics of LDM flap.展开更多
In this paper,we present an output regulation method for unknown cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under time-delay attacks in both the sensor-to-controller(S-C)channel and the controller-to-actuator(C-A)channel.The propose...In this paper,we present an output regulation method for unknown cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under time-delay attacks in both the sensor-to-controller(S-C)channel and the controller-to-actuator(C-A)channel.The proposed approach is designed using control inputs and tracking errors which are accessible data.Reinforcement learning is leveraged to update the control gains in real time using policy or value iterations.A thorough stability analysis is conducted and it is found that the proposed controller can sustain the convergence and asymptotic stability even when two channels are attacked.Finally,comparison results with a simulated CPS verify the effectiveness of the proposed output regulation method.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Found-ation of China(No.61571454)Special Fund for Taishan Scholar Project(No.201712072)。
文摘Traditional short-time fractional Fourier transform(STFrFT)has a single and fixed window function,which can not be adjusted adaptively according to the characteristics of fre-quency and frequency change rate.In order to overcome the shortcomings,the STFrFT method with adaptive window function is proposed.In this method,the window function of STFrFT is ad-aptively adjusted by establishing a library containing multiple window functions and taking the minimum information entropy as the criterion,so as to obtain a time-frequency distribution that better matches the desired signal.This method takes into account the time-frequency resolution characteristics of STFrFT and the excellent characteristics of adaptive adjustment to window func-tion,improves the time-frequency aggregation on the basis of eliminating cross term interference,and provides a new tool for improving the time-frequency analysis ability of complex modulated sig-nals.
文摘Cannabis has attracted a new wave of research attention as an herbal medicine. To deliver compliant, uniform, and safe cannabis medicine, growers should optimize growing environments on a site-specific basis. Considering that environmental factors are interconnected, changes in a factor prompts adjustment of other factors. This paper reviews existing work that considers indoor growing conditions (light, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, growing media, and nutrient supply), management practices (irrigation, fertilization, pruning & training, and harvest timing), and post-harvest treatment (drying and storage) for cannabis indoor production.
文摘Aomalous changes in the ST segment, including ST level deviation and ST shape change, are the major parameters in clinical electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Automatic detection of ST segment morphology can provide a more accurate evidence for clinical diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. In this paper, we proposed a method for classifying the shape of the ST-segment based on the curvature scale space (CSS) technique. First, we established a reference ST set and preprocessed the ECG signal by using the CSS technique. Then, the corner points in the ST-segment were detected at a high scale of the CSS and tracked through multiple lower scales, in order to improve its localization. Finally, the current beat of ST morphology can be distinguished by the corner points. We applied the developed algorithm to the ECG recordings in European ST-T database and QT database to validate the accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results showed that the average detection accuracy of our algorithm was 91.60%. We could conclude that the proposed method is able to provide a new way for the automatic detection of myocardial ischemia.
文摘In this paper, we consider the global existence and decay rates of strong solutions to the three-dimensional compressible quantum Hall-magneto-hydrodynamics equations. By combing the Lp-Lq estimates for the linearized equations and a standard energy method, the global existence and its convergence rates are obtained in various norms for the solution to the equilibrium state in the whole space when the initial perturbation of the stationary solution is small in some Sobolev norms. More precisely, the decay rates in time of the solution and its first order derivatives in L2-norm are obtained when the L1-norm of the perturbation is bounded.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978061)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY19B060007)Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology。
文摘Tetracycline is a typical antibiotic commonly used in various industries which is eco-toxic and quickly causes bacterial resistance.Therefo re,studying the efficient removal of tetracycline is necessary to protect the water environment.Herein,a novel Ce/Fe nanoparticle composite(1CCFO)was prepared by the sol-gel method and its removal effects of tetracycline under visible light were performed.The relationship between physicochemical properties of catalyst and photocatalytic degradation effects of tetracycline was analyzed based on a series of characterizations data such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectro scopy,a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopy.The results show that Ce/Fe photocatalyst possesses a large specific surface area,good visible light response,abundant oxygen vacancies and excellent redox performance,exhibiting good adsorption capacity,remarkable catalytic performance and stability.The optimal conditions for tetracycline removal were explored through orthogonal experiments.About 88%of tetracycline can be photodegraded in 1 h under optimal conditions.The possible decomposition pathways,main reactive oxygen species and suitable mechanism of the photocatalytic system were studied by liquid chromatography-mass spectro metry(LC-MS),an electron spin resonance(ESR)spectrometer and free radical quenching experiments.The results show that 1CCFO has an efficient degradation effect on tetracycline under visible light,which provides a feasible method to improve the performance of 1CCFO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071463)Chongqing Foundation for leaders of disciplines in science(cstc2014kjcxljrc005)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(cstc2017jcyjB0316).
文摘In plant immunity,the mutually antagonistic hormones salicylic acid(SA)and jasmonic acid(JA)are implicated in resistance to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens,respectively.Promoters that can respond to both SA and JA signals are urgently needed to engineer plants with enhanced resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens.However,few natural pathogen-inducible promoters are available for this purpose.To address this problem,we have developed a strategy to synthesize dual SA-and JA-responsive promoters by combining SA-and JA-responsive cis elements based on the interaction between their cognate transacting factors.The resulting promoters respond rapidly and strongly to both SA and Methyl Jasmonate(MeJA),as well as different types of phytopathogens.When such a synthetic promoter was used to control expression of an antimicrobial peptide,transgenic plants displayed enhanced resistance to a diverse range of biotrophic,necrotrophic,and hemi-biotrophic pathogens.A dual-inducible promoter responsive to the antagonistic signals auxin and cytokinin was generated in a similar manner,confirming that our strategy can be used for the design of other biotically or abiotically inducible systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31921001)。
文摘Minichromosome Maintenance protein 10(MCM10)is essential for DNA replication initiation and DNA elongation in yeasts and animals.Although the functions of MCM10 in DNA replication and repair have been well documented,the detailed mechanisms for MCM10 in these processes are not well known.Here,we identified AtMCM10 gene through a forward genetic screening for releasing a silenced marker gene.Although plant MCM10 possesses a similar crystal structure as animal MCM10,AtMCM10 is not essential for plant growth or development in Arabidopsis.AtMCM10 can directly bind to histone H3-H4 and promotes nucleosome assembly in vitro.The nucleosome density is decreased in Atmcm10,and most of the nucleosome density decreased regions in Atmcm10 are also regulated by newly synthesized histone chaperone Chromatin Assembly Factor-1(CAF-1).Loss of both AtMCM10 and CAF-1 is embryo lethal,indicating that AtM CM10 and CAF-1 are indispensable for replication-coupled nucleosome assembly.AtMCM10 interacts with both new and parental histones.Atmcm10 mutants have lower H3.1abundance and reduced H3K27me1/3 levels with releasing some silenced transposons.We propose that AtM CM10 deposits new and parental histones during nucleosome assembly,maintaining proper epigenetic modifications and genome stability during DNA replication.
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment(China)([2022]37)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NOs.42075144,42005112)Key Research and Development Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,China(No.20dz1204000).
文摘Surface ozone(O_(3))is influenced by regional background and local photochemical formation under favorable meteorological conditions.Understanding the contribution of these factors to changes in O_(3)is crucial to address the issue of O_(3)pollution.In this study,we propose a novel integrated method that combines random forest,principal component analysis,and Shapley additive explanations to distinguish observed O_(3)into meteorologically affected ozone(O_(3_MET)),chemically formed from local emissions(O_(3_LC)),and regional background ozone(O_(3_RBG)).Applied to three typical stations in Shanghai during the warm season from 2013 to 2021,the results indicate that O_(3_RBG)in Shanghai was 48.8±0.3 ppb,accounting for 79.6%–89.4%at different sites,with an overall declining trend of 0.018 ppb/yr.O_(3_LC)at urban and regional sites ranged from 5.9–9.0 ppb and 8.9–14.6 ppb,respectively,which were significantly higher than the contributions of 2.5–7.4 ppb at an upwind background site.O_(3_MET)can be categorized into those affecting O_(3)photochemical generation and those changing O_(3)dispersion conditions,with absolute contributions to O_(3)ranging from 13.4–19.0 ppb and 13.1–13.7 ppb,respectively.We found that the O_(3)rebound in 2017,compared to 2013,was primarily influenced by unfavorable O_(3)dispersion conditions and unbalanced emission reductions;while the O_(3)decline in 2021,compared to 2017,was primarily influenced by overall favorable meteorological conditions and further emissions reduction.These findings highlight the challenge of understanding O_(3)change due to meteorology and regional background,emphasizing the need for systematic interpretation of the different components of O_(3).
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1305904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871438, 81901101, 61633018, 81571062, 81400890, 81871398)+10 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB32020200)the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z171100000117001, Z171100000117002)the Primary Research & Development Plan of Shandong Province (2017GGX10112)the Open Project Program of the National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) (201900021)Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904)DOD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012)funded by the National Institute on Agingthe National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineeringgenerous contributions from Abb Vie, Alzheimer’s AssociationAlzheimer’s Drug Discovery FoundationThe Canadian Institutes of Health Research provide funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1305904, 2016YFC1306300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871438, 61633018, 81571062, 81471120, 61431012, 81430037)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB32020200)the Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (PXM2019_026283_000002)
文摘Several monocentric studies have noted alterations in spontaneous brain activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although there is no consensus on the altered amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in AD patients. The main aim of the present study was to identify a reliable and reproducible abnormal brain activity pattern in AD. The amplitude of local brain activity (AM), which can provide fast mapping of spontaneous brain activity across the whole brain, was evaluated based on multisite rs-fMRI data for 688 subjects (215 normal controls (NCs), 221 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) 252 AD). Two-sample t-tests were used to detect group differences between AD patients and NCs from the same site. Differences in the AM maps were statistically analyzed via the Stouffer's meta-analysis. Consistent regions of lower spontaneous brain activity in the default mode network and increased activity in the bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampus, thalamus, caudate nucleus, orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and left fusiform were observed in the AD patients compared with those in NCs. Significant correlations (P?<?0.05, Bonferroni corrected) between the normalized amplitude index and Mini-Mental State Examination scores were found in the identified brain regions, which indicates that the altered brain activity was associated with cognitive decline in the patients. Multivariate analysis and leave-one-site-out cross-validation led to a 78.49% prediction accuracy for single-patient classification. The altered activity patterns of the identified brain regions were largely correlated with the FDG-PET results from another independent study. These results emphasized the impaired brain activity to provide a robust and reproducible imaging signature of AD.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2012CB910900)National Institutes of Health of the USA(GM47850)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation(NSF)Plant Genome Program of the USA(DBI0922604)the Ministry of Agriculture of China(No.2010ZX08010-003)。
文摘Ultraviolet-B(UV-B)is a relatively minor component of sunlight,but can induce stress-related physiological pro-cesses or UV-B-specifi c photomorphogenic responses in plants.In the last decade,signifi cant progress has been made in understanding the UV-B photomorphogenic pathway,including identifi cation of the key components in the pathway,molecular characterization of UV-B pho-toreceptor and perception mechanism,and elucidation of the signal transduction mechanisms from the photo-activated UV-B receptor to downstream gene expression.This review summarizes the key players identifi ed to date in the UV-B photomorphogenic pathway and their roles in mediating UV-B signal transduction.
文摘The phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） regulates many aspects of division. Previous study indicates that ABA treatment increases DNA plant growth, including seed germination, root growth and cell damage and somatic homologous recombination （HR） in Arabi- dopsis abo4/pol ε （aba overly-sensitive 4/DNA polymerase ε） mutants. DNA replication factor C （RFC） complex is required for loading PCNA （Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen） during DNA replication. The defect in RFC1, the largest subunit of RFC, causes the high HR and DNA damage sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Here we found that like pol e/abo4, rfcl is sensitive to ABA in both ABA-inhibiting seed germination and root growth. However, ABA treatment greatly reduces HR and also reduces the expression of the DNA-damaged marker genes in ,rfcl. These results suggest that RFCI plays critical roles in ABA-mediated HR in Arabidopsis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61973277 and 62073292in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LR20F030004.
文摘This paper is concerned with the secure H_(∞) control problem for cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under time-delay attacks,which cause the systems’information to be received with delays.Through transforming the H_(∞) control problem to a two-player zero-sum game problem,the H_(∞) controller can be obtained by solving the saddle point for the game.Due to the unknown system parameters,a model-free reinforcement learning(RL)method is applied,and the measurement feedback controller is designed based on the historical inputs and the tracking errors.To obviate the requirement of the initial admissible policy,the value iteration(VI)of the adaptive dynamic program(ADP)algorithm is proposed to solve the approximate saddle point.Moreover,the con-vergence of the proposed algorithm is proved.Finally,a networked circuit system is employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
文摘Developments of digital technology and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction allowed a precise description of anatomic structures.With the introduction of Visible Human Project and Virtual Chinese Human(VCH)techniques,more detailed anatomic images could be obtained.Digitized visible models of these structures can be applied as a useful tool in clinical training.The aim of this study was to reconstruct the normal structures of thoracodorsal artery in 3D images and to establish the digitized visible models of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous(LDM)flap.The cross-sectional images from the four VCH datasets were reviewed to study LDM and thoraco-dorsal artery structures on a section-by-section basis.Next,two adult fresh cadaver specimens were perfused with lead oxide-gelatine mixture and subject to radio-graphic CT scanning on their torsos.The cross-sectional images from the CT images were reviewed to study thor-acodorsal artery structures.Three-dimensional computer-ized reconstructions of LDM flap structures were conducted from these datasets by using Amira 3.1(TGS)software respectively.The 3D reconstructed visible models established from these datasets perfectly displayed the anatomic characteristics of LDM flap.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61973277,62073292)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR20F030004).
文摘In this paper,we present an output regulation method for unknown cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under time-delay attacks in both the sensor-to-controller(S-C)channel and the controller-to-actuator(C-A)channel.The proposed approach is designed using control inputs and tracking errors which are accessible data.Reinforcement learning is leveraged to update the control gains in real time using policy or value iterations.A thorough stability analysis is conducted and it is found that the proposed controller can sustain the convergence and asymptotic stability even when two channels are attacked.Finally,comparison results with a simulated CPS verify the effectiveness of the proposed output regulation method.
