汉语新创定中结构“舌尖上的X”的语义分析

自从纪录片《舌尖上的中国》在2012年5月播映以来,类似“舌尖上的俄罗斯/世界/奥林匹克/安全”大量涌现,逐渐汇聚成一个新创的定中结构“舌尖上的X”,成为现代汉语演变的一个具体示例。本研究旨从认知语言学视角分析该结构的意义建构过程。调查与分析表明:(1)不论语义上还是句法上,“舌尖上的X”不同于汉语中的典型结构“PP de X”;(2)“舌尖上的X”作为一个定中结构在中心语X的选择上表现出范畴多样性(名词、动词或形容词),因而扩展了汉语名词化的辖域,同时触发了结构上的语义多样性;(3)该结构的非组构性特征主要源于定语成分“舌尖”和“上”,所以往往需要作出隐喻和转喻识解;(4)整体上看,该结构是由两个不同组织框架(作为身体部分的舌尖框架和作为动态变化中的抽象实体X框架)构成的一个双域网络。定语和中心语的表层语义失和唯有通过概念整合才能得以解决,从而衍生出整个结构的新创义,即与舌尖功能相关的X。

口服普萘洛尔治疗威胁视功能的婴儿眼部血管瘤的临床观察

目的:观察口服普萘洛尔治疗威胁视功能的婴儿眼部血管瘤的有效性及安全性。方法:前瞻性观察2016-06/2018-06在我院口服普萘洛尔治疗威胁视功能的眼部血管瘤患儿54例54眼,随访6mo以上,观察患儿血管瘤外观,通过血管瘤彩超或眼眶核磁共振评估血管瘤体积及瘤体变化,通过散瞳检影检测患眼散光度,并记录患儿的全身及局部不良反应情况。结果:本研究最终纳入患儿51例51眼,治疗1wk后所有患儿眼部血管瘤均逐渐出现不同程度的颜色变浅或质地变软。治疗后1、3、6mo时,治疗有效率分别为88%、96%、98%,治愈率分别为25%、35%、67%。治疗前伴随眼部功能障碍的患儿,治疗后随着血管瘤体缩小,上睑下垂、眼球运动障碍及眼球突出逐渐改善并在停药时均表现为正常。治疗前,本组患儿检影验光确诊患眼散光者36眼,治疗前血管瘤体积为3254.00(2016.00,7600.00)mm3,停药时缩小至150.00(0.00,378.00)mm3(P<0.001);治疗前散光度数为2.25(1.00,3.50)D,停药时降低至0.75(0.50,1.44)D(P<0.001)。所有患儿治疗后均未发生严重的不良反应。结论:详尽评估患儿全身情况后,口服推荐剂量的普萘洛尔治疗威胁视功能的婴儿巨大眼部血管瘤是一种安全有效的方法。

Establishment and characterization of a novel nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (SUNE2) from a Cantonese patient

The undifferentiated form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant head and neck cancer in South China, especially in Cantonese populations. However, few NPC cell lines have been established from the patients in this region. In this study, we established a new NPC cell line, termed SUNE2, from a Cantonese patient with undifferentiated NPC. This cell line had extremely low concentrations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in long-term culture and expressed low levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), BamH1-A right frame 1 (BARF1), EBV-encoded RNA-1 (EBER1), and EBV-encoded RNA-2 (EBER2) in early passages. SUNE2 cells also showed much stronger transforming ability than 5-8F cells in colony formation assays and anchorage- independent growth assays in soft agar, and they only need 2 weeks to form tumors in nude mice. In summary, the SUNE2 cell line is a new in vitro model that can be used for further research on the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of NPC.

Identification of atypical T4SS effector proteins mediating bacterial defense

To remain competitive,proteobacteria use various contact-dependent weapon systems to defend against microbial com-petitors.The bacterial-killing type IV secretion system(T4SS)is one such powerful weapon.It commonly controls the killing/competition between species by secreting the lethal T4SS effector(T4E)proteins carrying conserved XVIPCD domains into competing cells.In this study,we sought knowledge to understand whether the bacterial-killing T4SS-producing bacteria encode T4E-like proteins and further explore their biological functions.To achieve this,we designed a T4E-guided approach to discover T4E-like proteins that are designated as atypical T4Es.Initially,this approach required scientists to perform simple BlastP search to identify T4E homologs that lack the XVIPCD domain in the genomes of T4SS-producing bacteria.These homologous genes were then screened in Escherichia coli to identify antibacterial candidates(atypical T4Es)and their neighboring detoxification proteins,followed by testing their gene cotranscription and validating their physical interactions.Using this approach,we did discover two atypical T4E proteins from the plant-beneficial Lysobacter enzymogenes and the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri.We also provided substantial evidence to show that the atypical T4E protein Le1637-mediated bacterial defense in interspecies interactions between L.enzymogenes and its competitors.Therefore,the newly designed T4E-guided approach holds promise for detecting functional atypical T4E proteins in bacterial cells.

Unraveling the 3D Genome Architecture in Plants:Present and Future

The eukaryotic genome has a hierarchicalthree-dimensional(3D)organization with functional implications for DNA replication,DNA repair,and transcriptional regulation.Over the past decade,scientists have endeavored to elucidate the spatial characteristics and functions of plant genome architecture using high-throughput chromatin conformation capturing technologies such as Hi-C,ChlA-PET,and HiChIP.Here,we systematically review current understanding of chromatin organization in plants at multiple scales.We also discuss the emerging opinions and concepts in 3D genome research,focusing on state-of-the-art 3D genome techniques,RNA-chromatin interactions,liquid-liquid phase separation,and dynamic chromatin alterations.We propose the application of single-cell/single-molecule multi-omics,multiway(DNA-DNA,DNA-RNA,and RNA-RNA interactions)chromatin conformation capturing methods,and proximity ligation-independent 3D genome-mapping technologies to explore chromatin organization structure and function in plants.Such methods could reveal the spatial interactions between trait-related SNPs and their target genes at various spatiotemporal resolutions,and elucidate the molecular mecha-nisms of the interactions among DNA elements,RNA molecules,and protein factors during the formation of key traits in plants.

Comprehensive profiling of EBV gene expression in nasopharyn- geal carcinoma through paired-end transcriptome sequencing

The latent expression pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus （EBV）igenes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） has been extensively investigated, and the expression of several lytic genes in NPC has been reported. However, comprehensive information through EBV transcriptome analysis in NPC is limited. We performed paired-end RNA-seq to systematically and comprehensively characterize the expression of EBV genes in NPC tissue and C666-1 NPC cell line, which consistently carries EBV. In addition to the transcripts restricted to type II latency infection, the type Ⅲ latency EBNA3s genes and a substantial number of lytic genes, such as BZLF1, BRLF1, and BMRF1, were detected through RNA-seq and were further verified in C666-1 cells and NPC tissue through real- time PCR. We also performed clustering analysis to classify NPC patient groups in terms of EBV gene expression, which presented two subtypes of NPC samples. Results revealed interesting patterns of EBV gene expression in NPC patients. This clustering was correlated with many signaling pathways, such as those related to heterotrimeric G-protein signaling, inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling, ribosomes, protein metabolism, influenza infection, and ECM-receptor interaction. Our combined findings suggested that the expression of EBV genes in NPC is restricted not only to type II latency genes but also to type Ⅲ latency and lyric genes. This study provided further insights into the potential role of EBV in the development of NPC.

Parallel profiling of antigenicity alteration and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants

SARS-CoV-2 variants have evolved a variety of critical mutations,leading to antigenicity changes and immune escape.The recent emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant attracted global attention due to its significant resistance to current antibody therapies and vaccines.

The multiple mechanisms of tripterygium wilfordii-induced acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common and serious health issue with a growing incidence and mortality rate.Tripterygium wilfordii(TW)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to cause kidney damage.However,the associated mechanism of TW-induced AKI remains unclear.Therefore,we aimed to uncover the associated mechanisms of AKI induced by TW using network pharmacology and bioinformatics.The candidate compounds of TW and the potential targets were screened using TCMSP and CTD database,and the AKI-related targets were identified from the Dis Ge NET database.The disease targets were intersected with the drug targets,and the Wayne diagram was drawn by Venny 2.1.0 software.We developed proteinprotein interactions(PPI)network and the“disease-compound-target-pathway”network through the Cytoscape software.By using the DAVID database,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out to reveal the potential signaling pathways of the compound-TW-induced AKI.Meanwhile,the Auto dock vina 1.1.2 was used for molecular docking to verify the active compound and key targets’binding ability.Critical compounds and key targets of TW-induced AKI were identified,including triptolide,kaempferol,β-sitosterol,nobiletin,stigmasterol,TNF,and so on.The GO analysis showed that potential genes’biological function was mainly involved in apoptosis,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Moreover,eight signaling pathways were found,including the HIF-1 signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,apoptosis,and so on.The molecular docking results proved that the core compound’s affinity with the corresponding protein of the gene targets was good.This study preliminarily predicted the core toxic compounds,targets,and related pathways of TW-induced AKI,providing a theoretical basis for the follow-up clinical rational drug use and related research work of TW.

Photodegradation of 17α-ethynylestradiol in dissolved humic substances solution：Kinetics,mechanism and estrogenicity variation

17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic acid（LFA） and Aldrich humic acid（AHA） on the photochemical behavior and estrogenic potency of EE2. Here photolytic experiments demonstrated that pure aqueous EE2 could undergo direct and self-sensitized photodegradation at a global rate of 0.0068 hr^-1.Photodegradation rate of EE2 in 5.0 mg/L dissolved humic substances（DHS） was determined to be 0.0274, 0.0296 and 0.0254 hr^-1 for LHA, LFA and AHA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） and triplet dissolved humic substances（^3DHS＊） scavenging experiments indicated that the promotion effect of DHS on EE2 photodegradation was mainly aroused by the reactions of HOU（35%–50%）,~1O2（〈10%） andDHS＊（22%–34%）. However, the photodegradation of EE2 could also be inhibited when DHS exceeded the threshold of 10 mg/L. Three hydroxylation products of EE2 were identified using GC–MS and their formation pathways were also proposed. In vitro estrogenicity tests showed that EE2 was transformed into chemicals without estrogenic potency. These findings could extend our knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of steroid estrogens in sunlit natural waters.

Chemokines and their receptors in lung cancer progression and metastasis

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality around the world. Despite advancements in diagnosis, surgical techniques, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy over the last decade, the mortality rate is still high and the 5-year survival is a dismal 15%. Fortunately, early detection by low-dose computed tomography （LDCT） scans has reduced mortality by 20%; yet, overall, 5-year-survival remains low at less than 20%. Therefore, in order to ame- liorate this situation, a thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is urgently needed. Chemo- kines and their receptors, crucial microenvironmental factors, play important roles in lung tumor genesis, progression, and metastasis, and exploring the mechanisms of this might bring new insights into early diagnosis and precisely targeted treatment. Consequently, this review will mainly focus on recent advancements on the axes of chemokines and their receptors of lung cancer.

Decoding the plant genome: From epigenome to 3D organization

The linear genome of eukaryotes is partitioned into diverse chromatin states and packaged into a threedimensional(3D)structure,which has functional implications in DNA replication,DNA repair,and transcriptional regulation.Over the past decades,research on plant functional genomics and epigenomics has made great progress,with thousands of genes cloned and molecular mechanisms of diverse biological processes elucidated.Recently,3D genome research has gradually attracted great attention of many plant researchers.Herein,we briefly review the progress in genomic and epigenomic research in plants,with a focus on Arabidopsis and rice,and summarize the currently used technologies and advances in plant 3D genome organization studies.We also discuss the relationships between onedimensional linear genome sequences,epigenomic states,and the 3D chromatin architecture.This review provides basis for future research on plant 3D genomics.

Rhodium-catalyzed oxidative homologation of N-pyrimidyl indolines with alkynes via dual C—H activation: Facile synthesis of benzo[g] indolines

We herein report a highly regioselective rhodium-catalyzed C6-and C7—H bond functionalization of indolines with alkynes by using 2-pyrimidine as a directing group. Moreover, NH-free benzo[g]indole unit could be obtained by an oxidation/removal of the directing group sequence.