Multi-Stream Temporally Enhanced Network for Video Salient Object Detection

Video salient object detection(VSOD)aims at locating the most attractive objects in a video by exploring the spatial and temporal features.VSOD poses a challenging task in computer vision,as it involves processing complex spatial data that is also influenced by temporal dynamics.Despite the progress made in existing VSOD models,they still struggle in scenes of great background diversity within and between frames.Additionally,they encounter difficulties related to accumulated noise and high time consumption during the extraction of temporal features over a long-term duration.We propose a multi-stream temporal enhanced network(MSTENet)to address these problems.It investigates saliency cues collaboration in the spatial domain with a multi-stream structure to deal with the great background diversity challenge.A straightforward,yet efficient approach for temporal feature extraction is developed to avoid the accumulative noises and reduce time consumption.The distinction between MSTENet and other VSOD methods stems from its incorporation of both foreground supervision and background supervision,facilitating enhanced extraction of collaborative saliency cues.Another notable differentiation is the innovative integration of spatial and temporal features,wherein the temporal module is integrated into the multi-stream structure,enabling comprehensive spatial-temporal interactions within an end-to-end framework.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on five benchmark datasets while maintaining a real-time speed of 27 fps(Titan XP).Our code and models are available at https://github.com/RuJiaLe/MSTENet.

The Conflict between Individuals and Society in Seize the Day

This paper explores the existential problem in Seize the Day-the conflict between individuals and society in modern society.With a brief introduction of Saul Bellow and the novel,the paper emphasizes the analysis of the conflict and the sources of the conflict.Besides,Saul Bellow uses many rhetorical devices to intensify the conflict.The analysis of these rhetorical devices is beneficial for us to interpret and understand the true meaning of the novel.Through the study of Bellow’s vision and the novel’s metaphorical meaning,we may find an effective solution to the conflict that our human being is involved in,and realize the social values of this novel.

芬顿氧化技术在膜上的应用现状

将芬顿氧化技术应用在膜上,不仅可以解决膜分离过程中产生的膜污染问题,而且克服了芬顿试剂不易回收、难以重复利用等缺点,引起了研究学者们的广泛关注。文中综合国内外芬顿催化膜的研究现状,介绍了芬顿催化膜的制备方法及优缺点,并将其概括为“一步法”和“两步法”;详细概述了芬顿膜在含油废水、印染废水、医疗废水、焦化废水和农药废水等方面的应用现状和发展前景,最后对芬顿膜的进一步应用作出展望。

Expression and functional study of cholecystokinin-A receptors on the interstitial Cajal-like cells of the guinea pig common bile duct

BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that interstitial Cajal-like cell(ICLC)abnormalities are closely related to a variety of dynamic gastrointestinal disorders.ICLCs are pacemaker cells for gastrointestinal movement and are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses.AIM To elucidate the expression profile and significance of cholecystokinin-A(CCK-A)receptors in ICLCs in the common bile duct(CBD),as well as the role of CCK in regulating CBD motility through CCK-A receptors on CBD ICLCs.METHODS The levels of tyrosine kinase receptor(c-kit)and CCK-A receptors in CBD tissues and isolated CBD cells were quantified using the double immunofluorescence labeling technique.The CCK-mediated enhancement of the movement of CBD muscle strips through CBD ICLCs was observed by a muscle strip contraction test.RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed co-expression of c-kit and CCK-A receptors in the CBD muscularis layer.Observations of isolated CBD cells showed that c-kit was expressed on the surface of ICLCs,the cell body and synapse were colored and polygonal,and some cells presented protrusions and formed networks adjacent to the CBD while others formed filaments at the synaptic terminals of local cells.CCK-A receptors were also expressed on CBD ICLCs.At concentrations ranging from 10^(-6) mol/L to 10^(-10) mol/L,CCK promoted CBD smooth muscle contractility in a dose-dependent manner.In contrast,after ICLC removal,the contractility mediated by CCK in CBD smooth muscle decreased.CONCLUSION CCK-A receptors are highly expressed on CBD ICLCs,and CCK may regulate CBD motility through the CCK-A receptors on ICLCs.

Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile negatively regulates hippocampal cytochrome P450 enzymes and ameliorates phenytoin-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity

The central nervous system is susceptible to the modulation of various neurophysiological processes by the cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP),which plays a crucial role in the metabolism of neurosteroids.The antiepileptic drug phenytoin(PHT)has been observed to induce neuronal side effects in patients,which could be attributed to its induction of CYP expression and testosterone(TES)metabolism in the hippocampus.While pregnane X receptor(PXR)is widely known for its regulatory function of CYPs in the liver,we have discovered that the treatment of mice with pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile(PCN),a PXR agonist,has differential effects on CYP expression in the liver and hippocampus.Specifically,the PCN treatment resulted in the induction of cytochrome P450,family 3,subfamily a,polypeptide 11(CYP3A11),and CYP2B10 expression in the liver,while suppressing their expression in the hippocampus.Functionally,the PCN treatment protected mice from PHT-induced hippocampal nerve injury,which was accompanied by the inhibition of TES metabolism in the hippocampus.Mechanistically,we found that the inhibition of hippocampal CYP expression and attenuation of PHT-induced neurotoxicity by PCN were glucocorticoid receptor dependent,rather than PXR independent,as demonstrated by genetic and pharmacological models.In conclusion,our study provides evidence that PCN can negatively regulate hippocampal CYP expression and attenuate PHT-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity independently of PXR.Our findings suggest that glucocorticoids may be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing the neuronal side effects of PHT.

Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies

Rheumatoid arthritis（RA） is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the lining of the synovial joints and is associated with progressive disability, premature death, and socioeconomic burdens. A better understanding of how the pathological mechanisms drive the deterioration of RA progress in individuals is urgently required in order to develop therapies that will effectively treat patients at each stage of the disease progress. Here we dissect the etiology and pathology at specific stages：（i） triggering,（ii） maturation,（iii） targeting, and（iv） fulminant stage, concomitant with hyperplastic synovium, cartilage damage, bone erosion, and systemic consequences. Modern pharmacologic therapies（including conventional, biological, and novel potential small molecule disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs） remain the mainstay of RA treatment and there has been significant progress toward achieving disease remission without joint deformity. Despite this, a significant proportion of RA patients do not effectively respond to the current therapies and thus new drugs are urgently required. This review discusses recent advances of our understanding of RA pathogenesis, disease modifying drugs, and provides perspectives on next generation therapeutics for RA.

QPSO-based algorithm of CSO joint infrared super-resolution and trajectory estimation

The midcourse ballistic closely spaced objects（CSO） create blur pixel-cluster on the space-based infrared focal plane,making the super-resolution of CSO quite necessary.A novel algorithm of CSO joint super-resolution and trajectory estimation is presented.The algorithm combines the focal plane CSO dynamics and radiation models,proposes a novel least square objective function from the space and time information,where CSO radiant intensity is excluded and initial dynamics（position and velocity） are chosen as the model parameters.Subsequently,the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization（QPSO） is adopted to optimize the objective function to estimate model parameters,and then CSO focal plane trajectories and radiant intensities are computed.Meanwhile,the estimated CSO focal plane trajectories from multiple space-based infrared focal planes are associated and filtered to estimate the CSO stereo ballistic trajectories.Finally,the performance（CSO estimation precision of the focal plane coordinates,radiant intensities,and stereo ballistic trajectories,together with the computation load） of the algorithm is tested,and the results show that the algorithm is effective and feasible.

靶向PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达对HepG2肝癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的探讨靶向PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达对Hep G2肝癌细胞体外增殖与凋亡的影响。方法利用基因重组技术构建PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因,克隆到带有EGFP基因的GV358慢病毒表达载体,与辅助质粒共同转染293T细胞,通过同源重组,获得融合基因重组慢病毒PDCD5-Caspase-3。体外转染人肝癌Hep G-2细胞72 h后,Western bolt检测肝癌Hep G-2细胞中PDCD5蛋白和Caspase-3蛋白表达,CCK-8法检测PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达对Hep G-2肝癌细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术观察其对细胞凋亡的影响。结果 PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达可增加Hep G-2肝癌细胞中PDCD5蛋白和Caspase-3蛋白合成(P<0.05);与对照组或空白组相比,转染72 h后实验组细胞增殖能力下降(P<0.05);与对照组或空白组比较,转染72 h后实验组细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05)。结论促凋亡基因PDCD5和Caspase-3联合表达可抑制Hep G2肝癌细胞增殖,并促进其凋亡,可作为肝癌治疗潜在靶点。

Spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian species richness on Tianping Mountain,Hunan Province,China

DEAR EDITOR,Exploring species richness patterns across space and time can help in understanding species distribution and in formulating conservation strategies.Among taxa,amphibians are of utmost importance as they are highly sensitive to environmental changes due to their unique life histories(Zhong et al.,2018).Here,we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian species richness on Tianping Mountain in China.Specifically,we established 10 transects at low to high elevations,and sampled amphibians in April,June,August,and October 2017.Our results demonstrated that amphibian species composition and richness varied significantly at both spatial and temporal scales and were associated with gradients of environmental change in microhabitats on Tianping Mountain.

Suppression of RNA Interference Pathway in vitro by Grass Carp Reovirus

The means of survival of genomic dsRNA of reoviruses from dsRNA-triggered and Dicer-initiated RNAi pathway remains to be defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) replication on the RNAi pathway of grass carp kidney cells (CIK). The dsRNA-triggered RNAi pathway was demonstrated unimpaired in CIK cells through RNAi assay. GCRV-specific siRNA was generated in CIK cells transfected with purified GCRV genomic dsRNA in Northern blot analysis; while in GCRV-infected CIK cells, no GCRV-specific siRNA could be detected. Infection and transfection experiments further indicated that replication of GCRV correlated with the increased transcription level of the Dicer gene and functional inhibition of in vitro synthesized egfp-siRNA in silencing the EGFP reporter gene. These data demonstrated that although only the genomic dsRNA of GCRV was sensitive to the cellular RNAi pathway, unidentified RNAi suppressor protein(s) might contribute to the survival of the viral genome and efficient viral replication.

Th17/Treg细胞比例、诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者脏腑虚损的相关性研究

目的探讨辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)细胞比例、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者脏腑虚损状况的相关性。方法选取2017年1月—2020年1月新疆维吾尔自治区中医医院收治的130例COPD稳定期患者,根据患者疾病所属中医证型分为肺脾气虚组67例和肺肾气虚组63例,另选取同期该院健康体检者60例作为对照组。比较3组的肺功能,血清Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg细胞比例,iNOS基因型频率和等位基因频率。采用Pearson相关分析法分析Th17/Treg细胞比例与COPD脏腑虚损状况的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析COPD脏腑虚损状况的影响因素。结果肺脾气虚组和肺肾气虚组患者的用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))低于对照组(P<0.05),肺脾气虚组患者FVC、FEV_(1)大于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05)。肺脾气虚组和肺肾气虚组患者的Th17、Th17/Treg高于对照组(P<0.05),Treg低于对照组(P<0.05);肺脾气虚组患者Th17、Th17/Treg水平低于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05),Treg水平高于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,Th17/Treg与FVC、FEV_(1)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV_(1)%)呈负相关(r=-0.407、-0.438和-0.504,均P<0.05),与肺脾气虚、肺肾气虚呈正相关(r=0.321和0.565,均P<0.05)。肺脾气虚组和肺肾气虚组患者GG基因型频率低于对照组(P<0.05),TT基因型频率高于对照组(P<0.05),T等位基因频率高于对照组(P<0.05);肺脾气虚组GG基因型频率高于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05),TT基因型频率低于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05),T等位基因频率低于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,iNOS基因多态性中TT基因型[O^R=2.417(1.336,4.691),P<0.05]是影响COPD脏腑虚损的独立危险因素。结论Th17/Treg细胞比例与COPD患者脏腑虚损有明显相关性,且随着患者脏腑虚损进展,呈正相关,TT基因型是影响COPD脏腑虚损的独立危险因素。

Growth monitoring of greenhouse lettuce based on a convolutional neural network

Growth-related traits,such as aboveground biomass and leaf area,are critical indicators to characterize the growth of greenhouse lettuce.Currently,nondestructive methods for estimating growth-related traits are subject to limitations in that the methods are susceptible to noise and heavily rely on manually designed features.In this study,a method for monitoring the growth of greenhouse lettuce was proposed by using digital images and a convolutional neural network(CNN).Taking lettuce images as the input,a CNN model was trained to learn the relationship between images and the corresponding growth-related traits,i.e.,leaf fresh weight(LFW),leaf dry weight(LDW),and leaf area(LA).To compare the results of the CNN model,widely adopted methods were also used.The results showed that the values estimated by CNN had good agreement with the actual measurements,with R^(2) values of 0.8938,0.8910,and 0.9156 and normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)values of 26.00,22.07,and 19.94%,outperforming the compared methods for all three growth-related traits.The obtained results showed that the CNN demonstrated superior estimation performance for the flat-type cultivars of Flandria and Tiberius compared with the curled-type cultivar of Locarno.Generalization tests were conducted by using images of Tiberius from another growing season.The results showed that the CNN was still capable of achieving accurate estimation of the growth-related traits,with R2 values of 0.9277,0.9126,and 0.9251 and NRMSE values of 22.96,37.29,and 27.60%.The results indicated that a CNN with digital images is a robust tool for the monitoring of the growth of greenhouse lettuce.

Micro and Nanotechnology for Intracellular Delivery Therapy Protein

Proteins therapy is of great importance in the treatment of protein deficiency disease. Most human diseases are related to the malfunctioning of one or more proteins. The most effective and direct approach is protein therapy, which delivers the proteins into the target cell to replace the dysfunction protein and maintain the balance of organism. However, clinical application is frequently hampered by various biological barriers to their successful delivery. This review aims to discuss the recent advances about microparticles and nanoparticles fabricated using micro and nanotechnology for intracellular delivery therapy protein and give some suggestions about the promising delivery system.

Glycoalkaloids and phenolic compounds in three commercial potato cultivars grown in Hebei,China

In order to investigate the food nutrition and safety of potato,the objective of the present study is to quantify glycoalkaloids(-chaconine and-solanine)and phenolic compounds in three potato cultivars,namely,Russet Burbank,Atlantic,and Shepody,grown in Hebei,China,and these two classes of biologically active compounds in commercial dehydrated potato flakes were also investigated.The total glycoalkaloid levels in whole potatoes ranged from 4.72 mg/kg for Shepody potatoes to 34.45 mg/kg for Russet Burbank potatoes.The ratio of-chaconine to-solanine in whole potatoes ranged from 0.41 for Russet Burbank potatoes to 3.61 for Atlantic potatoes.The removal rate of total glycoalkaloids in Russet Burbank potatoes during dehydrated potato flake processing is 90.0%.Chlorogenic acid is the dominant phenolic compound in Russet Burbank potatoes.By contrast,Atlantic and Shepody potatoes contain considerable caffeic acid.The loss rate of phenolic compounds in Russet Burbank during dehydrated potato flake processing is 50.47%.

Enterogenous infection of Candida albicans in immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND:Opportunistic infection of Candida albicans(C.albicans) has become a serious problem in immunocompromised patients.The study aimed to explore the mechanism of enterogenous infection of C.albicans in immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS:Sprague Dawley(SD) rats(n=100) were randomly assigned into 5 groups as the following:blank group,cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone+SAP group,cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone group,cyclophosphamide+SAP group,and cyclophosphamide group.The rats were sacrificed at 5and 10 days,and their jejunum,colon,mesenteric lymph nodes,pancreas,intestinal content,and blood were quickly collected to detect C.albicans.A region of the 25 S rRNA gene was chosen and amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to differentiate C.albicans genotypes.The amplified products were further sequenced and compared to judge their homology.RESULTS:Compared with the Cyclophosphamide group,the combination of immunosuppressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly increased the colonization of C.albicans in intestine in 5 and 10 days.Pure SAP stress did not increase the opportunistic infection of C.albicans.The PCR products of C.albicans isolates all belonged to the genotype A family,and sequence alignment showed that the amplified fragments were homologous.CONCLUSION:The damage of immune system and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are important risk factors for opportunistic fungal infection.Intestinal tract is an important source for genotype-A C.albicans to translocate and invade into bloodstream.

职业用嗓人群音域图和嗓音疲劳测试分析

目的通过比较分析职业用嗓人群中有无声带病变者的音域图和嗓音疲劳测试结果差异,探讨其在评估该人群嗓音功能中的价值。方法选取2017年3月—2018年3月于重庆市人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊的职业用嗓者112例(包括主持人、销售员、教师、话务员及导购员等),根据症状和体征将其分为正常组和病理组,正常组无明显声嘶及发音障碍,检查声带无明显病变(如慢性声带炎、声带小结及声带息肉等),病理组有声嘶或发音障碍,检查声带存在病变。分别予以音域图和嗓音疲劳测试检查,量化评估两组嗓音功能。结果正常组最大声强、最高频率、最低频率、最长发声时间及嗓音障碍指数高于病理组(P<0.05),而最小声强、频率微扰低于病理组(P<0.05)。正常组嗓音疲劳测试失败率低于病理组(P<0.05)。正常组比病理组噪音疲劳测试失败率低(P<0.05)。结论音域图和嗓音疲劳测试指标可用于评估职业用嗓人群嗓音功能和嗓音疲劳状况,可作为评价其嗓音质量的重要手段。

Relationship between apurinic endonuclease 1 Asp148Glu polymorphism and gastrointestinal cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between apurinic endonuclease 1(APE1) Asp148 Glu polymorphism and the susceptibility to gastrointestinal(GI) cancers.METHODS:We searched Pub Med, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) databases updated on July 15, 2014 for relevant studies.Only case-control studies comparing APE1 Asp148 Glu polymorphism and GI cancer risk were included.We excluded studies reporting only standardized incidence ratios without control groups and those without detailed genotyping data.Meta-analysis was performed on 17 studies involving 4856 cancer patients and 6136 cancer-free controls.Review Manager version 5.1 was used to perform the meta-analysis.The pooled odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were estimated under the allele contrast, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive genetic models.We also conducted subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity and cancer type.Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's test.RESULTS:The meta-analysis showed a significant association between APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphism and GI cancer risk in three genetic models in the overall population(G vs T:OR=1.18;95%CI:1.05-1.32;TG vs TT:OR=1.28;95%CI:1.08-1.52;TG+GG vs TT:OR=1.32;95%CI:1.10-1.57).Stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a statistically increased GI cancer risk in Asians(G vs T:OR=1.27;95%CI:1.07-1.51;GG vs TT:OR=1.58;95%CI:1.05-2.38;TG vs TT:OR=1.30;95%CI,1.01-1.67;and TG+GG vs TT:OR=1.38;95%CI:1.07-1.78),but not in Caucasians.Furthersubgroup analysis by cancer type indicated that APE1Asp148Glu polymorphism may contribute to gastric cancer risk.However,Asp148Glu has no significant association with colorectal or esophageal cancer risk in any genetic model.CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis suggests that the APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphism G allele is associated with an increased GI cancer risk,especially in gastric cancer.

Whole-genome resequencing reveals molecular imprints of anthropogenic and natural selection in wild and domesticated sheep

The abundance of domesticated sheep varieties and phenotypes is largely the result of long-term natural and artificial selection. However, there is limited information regarding the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation induced by the domestication and improvement of sheep. In this study, to explore genomic diversity and selective regions at the genome level, we sequenced the genomes of 100 sheep across 10 breeds and combined these results with publicly available genomic data from 225 individuals, including improved breeds, Chinese indigenous breeds,African indigenous breeds, and their Asian mouflon ancestor. Based on population structure, the domesticated sheep formed a monophyletic group,while the Chinese indigenous sheep showed a clear geographical distribution trend. Comparative genomic analysis of domestication identified several selective signatures, including IFI44 and IFI44L genes and PANK2 and RNF24 genes, associated with immune response and visual function.Population genomic analysis of improvement demonstrated that candidate genes of selected regions were mainly associated with pigmentation,energy metabolism, and growth development.Furthermore, the IFI44 and IFI44L genes showed a common selection signature in the genomes of 30domesticated sheep breeds. The IFI44 c. 54413058C>G mutation was selected for genotyping and population genetic validation. Results showed that the IFI44 polymorphism was significantly associated with partial immune traits. Our findings identified the population genetic basis of domesticated sheep at the whole-genome level, providing theoretical insights into the molecular mechanism underlying breed characteristics and phenotypic changes during sheep domestication and improvement.

Spatiotemporal patterns of anuran functional diversity in temperate montane forests

Functional diversity is an integrative approach to better understand biodiversity across space and time.In the present study,we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns(i.e.,elevation and season)and environmental determinants of anuran functional diversity on Tianping Mountain,northwest Hunan,China.Specifically,10 transects were established from low(300 m a.s.l.)to high(1492 m a.s.l.)elevations,and anuran communities were sampled in spring,early summer,midsummer,and autumn in 2017.Four functional diversity indices were computed for each transect in each season using ecomorphological functional traits.Our results demonstrated that these indices had contrasting responses to increasing elevations.However,they did not differ significantly among seasons in terms of temporal patterns.Interestingly,the unique spatiotemporal functional diversity patterns were impacted by distinct environmental variables,such as leaf litter cover,water temperature,number of trees,and water conductivity.

Optimization of Minimum Power Output for Combined Heat and Power Units Considering Peak Load Regulation Ability

Northern China has rich wind power and photovoltaic renewable resources. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units to meet the load demand and limit its peaking capacity in winter, to a certain extent, it results in structural problems of wind-solar power and thermoelectric. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a plurality of units together to ensure supply of heat load on the premise, by building a thermoelectric power peaking considering thermal load unit group dynamic scheduling model, to achieve the potential of different thermoelectric properties peaking units of the excavation. Simulation examples show, if the unit group exists obvious relationship thermoelectric individual differences, the thermal load dynamic scheduling can be more significantly improved overall performance peaking unit group, effectively increase clean energy consumptive.