We investigated the ability of NK4, an antagonist of human hepatocyte growth factor （HGF）, to inhibit the influence of HGF on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. Expressi...We investigated the ability of NK4, an antagonist of human hepatocyte growth factor （HGF）, to inhibit the influence of HGF on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. Expression vector pBudCE4.1-EGFP-NK4 containing NK4 cDNA was used to transfect human prostate cancer DU145 cells, and the effects of the autocrine NK4 on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were assessed in vitro. in vivo, we subcutaneously implanted DU145 cells, mock-transfected clone （DU145/empty vector） cells and NK4- transfected clone （DU145/NK4） cells into nude mice, and then evaluated tumor growth, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in vivo. We found that DU145/NK4 cells expressed NK4 protein. In the in vitro study, autocrine NK4 at- tenuated the HGF-induced tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and stimulated apoptosis. Furthermore, autocrine NK4 effectively inhibited the HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-Met, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 （ERK1）. and protein kinase B 1/2 （Aktl/2）. Histological examination revealed that autocrine NK4 inhibited prolifera- tion and accelerated apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. These results show that genetic modification of DU145 cells with NK4 cDNA yields a significant effect on their proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Molecular targeting of HGF/c-Met by NK4 could be applied as a novel therapeutic approach to prostate cancer.展开更多
Hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） is a glycoprotein that induces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The activation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 （TRPC6） channels is considered i...Hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） is a glycoprotein that induces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The activation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 （TRPC6） channels is considered important in promoting prostate cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we assessed the role of endogenous TRPC6 channels in the HGF-induced cell proliferation of prostate cancer. Reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting were used to investigate TRPC6 expression. Electrophysiological techniques （whole-cell patch clamp configuration） and Ca^2＋ imaging analysis were used to investigate the channel activity in cells. The effects of TRPC6 channels on cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and cell growth were also examined. TRPC6 and c-MET were expressed in DU145 and PC3 cells. In addition, functional TRPC6 channels were present in DU145 and PC3 cells, and TRPC6 knockdown suppressed TRPC-Iike currents evoked by oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol （OAG）. Inhibition of TRPC6 channels in DU145 and PC3 cells abolished OAG- and HGF-induced Ca^2＋ entry. Furthermore, inhibition of TRPC6 channels arrested DU145 and PC3 cells at the G2/M phase and suppressed HGF-induced cell proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that TRPC6 has an important role in HGF-induced DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation.展开更多
We investigated the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 （TRPC6） protein in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and in prostate cancer cell lines and the association with the stage, grade a...We investigated the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 （TRPC6） protein in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and in prostate cancer cell lines and the association with the stage, grade and androgen responsiveness of the tumors. Immunohistochemical techniques, Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） were used to investigate TRPC6 expression. TRPC6 protein was detected in 9 of 20 （45.0%） of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） cases, and there was a significant difference compared with prostate cancer （129 of 149 [86.6%]） （P 〈 0.01）. TRPC6 expression was associated with the histological grade and extraprostatic extension （P 〈 0.01）. Tumors of higher stage tended to have a higher frequency of TRPC6 protein staining, but the difference was not significant among T2, T3 and T4. TRPC6 expression difference between androgen-independent （AI） tumors and androgen-dependent （AD） tumors was not statistically significant. TRPC6 was also observed in prostate cancer cell lines. In summary, TRPC6 is detected in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and prostate cancer cell lines and is associated with the histological grade, Gleason score and extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer.展开更多
The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, has been demonstrated to sensitize tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL）-mediated apoptosis. Natural killer （NK） cells represent poten...The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, has been demonstrated to sensitize tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL）-mediated apoptosis. Natural killer （NK） cells represent potent antitumor effector cells. They also express TRAIL. Therefore, we investigated whether bortezomib could sensitize tumor cells to NK cell-mediated killing, and have the same effect in human prostate cancer cell lines （LNCaP and DU145）. We found that bortezomib strongly inhibits proliferation in both cell lines. Furthermore, compared with LNCaP cells, DU145 cells are more sensitive to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. However, bortezomib is unable to sensitize these two cell lines to NK cell-mediated killing in short-term assays. In long-term assays, we found that killing mediated by activated NK cells following bortezomib treatment leads to greater antitumor effects than either treatment alone. In addition, treatment with bortezomib causes these cells to upregulate apoptosis-related mRNA as well as death receptors and downregulate the major histocompatibility class （MHC）-I molecule on the cell surface of DU145 cells. In contrast, LNCaP cells are not sensitized by this treatment. Death receptors and the MHC-I molecule did not change in this cell line. These data suggest that bortezomib can be used to sensitize prostate cancer cells to NK cell-mediated killing and improve current cancer therapies. This theral）eutic stratelzv may be more effective in I）atients with androeen-insensitive orostate cancer.展开更多
Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful tool in modern cosmology.To accurately measure the weak lensing signal,one has to control the systematic bias on a small level.One of the most difficult problems is how to corr...Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful tool in modern cosmology.To accurately measure the weak lensing signal,one has to control the systematic bias on a small level.One of the most difficult problems is how to correct the smearing effect of the Point-Spread Function(PSF)on the shape of the galaxies.The chromaticity of PSF for a broad-band observation can lead to new subtle effects.Since the PSF is wavelength-dependent and the spectrum energy distributions between stars and galaxies are different,the effective PSF measured from the star images will be different from those that smear the galaxies.Such a bias is called color bias.We estimate it in the optical bands of the Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope from simulated PSFs,and show the dependence on the color and redshift of the galaxies.Moreover,due to the spatial variation of spectra over the galaxy image,another higher-order bias exists:color gradient bias.Our results show that both color bias and color gradient bias are generally below 0.1%in CSST.Only for small-size galaxies,one needs to be careful about the color gradient bias in the weak lensing analysis using CSST data.展开更多
The subfamily Dinetinae W. Fox, genus Dinetus Panzer and species Dinetus arenarius Kazenas are reported from China for the first time. In addition, a key to the worldwide species of the genus Dinetus is provided. The ...The subfamily Dinetinae W. Fox, genus Dinetus Panzer and species Dinetus arenarius Kazenas are reported from China for the first time. In addition, a key to the worldwide species of the genus Dinetus is provided. The examined specimens are deposited in the Insect Collections of Yunnan Agricultural University(YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.展开更多
Eu3+ions doped Zn(OH)F and ZnO micro-structures with specific morphologies were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method only through altering the addition amount of NH4F and hexamethylenetetramine(HMT).The phase s...Eu3+ions doped Zn(OH)F and ZnO micro-structures with specific morphologies were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method only through altering the addition amount of NH4F and hexamethylenetetramine(HMT).The phase structure,morphology and luminescence properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),photoluminescence(PL)spectra and lifetime.The results indicate that the obtained Zn(OH)F:Eu^3+samples possess net-like and dandelion-like morphologies,which have an identical orthorhombic phase structure.It is found that the addition amount of raw materials such as NH4F and HMT plays a critical role for the formation of Zn(OH)F:Eu^3+.If the addition amounts of NH4F or HMT are reduced by half,the hexagonal ZnO:Eu^3+sample with peanut-like morphology can be obtained.Under the excitation of UV light,both the as-prepared Zn(OH)F:Eu^3+and ZnO:Eu^3+samples exhibit the characteristic emission of the doped Eu^3+.展开更多
CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods were successfully obtained via a simple hydrothermal method and combined with carbon dots(CDs)to obtain CDs@CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods.Due to the combination of CDs,the emission intensity of CDs...CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods were successfully obtained via a simple hydrothermal method and combined with carbon dots(CDs)to obtain CDs@CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods.Due to the combination of CDs,the emission intensity of CDs@CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods increases about 92 times,compared with that of CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods.The combination of CDs and CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and so on.The mechanism of luminescence enhancement may be attributed to some aspects:the formation of hexagonal phase results in the increase of crystal field symmetry,and the energy transfer among CDs,Ce^(3+)and Tb^(3+)ions,which causes the Tb^(3+)ions in CDs@CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nano rods to obtain mo re excited energy and less non-radiative atte nuation co mpared to CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nano rods.The luminescence enhancement strategy through combination of CDs would provide a simple and effective approach for other rare earth ions doped luminescent materials.展开更多
文摘We investigated the ability of NK4, an antagonist of human hepatocyte growth factor （HGF）, to inhibit the influence of HGF on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. Expression vector pBudCE4.1-EGFP-NK4 containing NK4 cDNA was used to transfect human prostate cancer DU145 cells, and the effects of the autocrine NK4 on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were assessed in vitro. in vivo, we subcutaneously implanted DU145 cells, mock-transfected clone （DU145/empty vector） cells and NK4- transfected clone （DU145/NK4） cells into nude mice, and then evaluated tumor growth, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in vivo. We found that DU145/NK4 cells expressed NK4 protein. In the in vitro study, autocrine NK4 at- tenuated the HGF-induced tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and stimulated apoptosis. Furthermore, autocrine NK4 effectively inhibited the HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-Met, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 （ERK1）. and protein kinase B 1/2 （Aktl/2）. Histological examination revealed that autocrine NK4 inhibited prolifera- tion and accelerated apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. These results show that genetic modification of DU145 cells with NK4 cDNA yields a significant effect on their proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Molecular targeting of HGF/c-Met by NK4 could be applied as a novel therapeutic approach to prostate cancer.
文摘Hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） is a glycoprotein that induces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The activation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 （TRPC6） channels is considered important in promoting prostate cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we assessed the role of endogenous TRPC6 channels in the HGF-induced cell proliferation of prostate cancer. Reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting were used to investigate TRPC6 expression. Electrophysiological techniques （whole-cell patch clamp configuration） and Ca^2＋ imaging analysis were used to investigate the channel activity in cells. The effects of TRPC6 channels on cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and cell growth were also examined. TRPC6 and c-MET were expressed in DU145 and PC3 cells. In addition, functional TRPC6 channels were present in DU145 and PC3 cells, and TRPC6 knockdown suppressed TRPC-Iike currents evoked by oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol （OAG）. Inhibition of TRPC6 channels in DU145 and PC3 cells abolished OAG- and HGF-induced Ca^2＋ entry. Furthermore, inhibition of TRPC6 channels arrested DU145 and PC3 cells at the G2/M phase and suppressed HGF-induced cell proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that TRPC6 has an important role in HGF-induced DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation.
文摘We investigated the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 （TRPC6） protein in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and in prostate cancer cell lines and the association with the stage, grade and androgen responsiveness of the tumors. Immunohistochemical techniques, Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） were used to investigate TRPC6 expression. TRPC6 protein was detected in 9 of 20 （45.0%） of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） cases, and there was a significant difference compared with prostate cancer （129 of 149 [86.6%]） （P 〈 0.01）. TRPC6 expression was associated with the histological grade and extraprostatic extension （P 〈 0.01）. Tumors of higher stage tended to have a higher frequency of TRPC6 protein staining, but the difference was not significant among T2, T3 and T4. TRPC6 expression difference between androgen-independent （AI） tumors and androgen-dependent （AD） tumors was not statistically significant. TRPC6 was also observed in prostate cancer cell lines. In summary, TRPC6 is detected in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and prostate cancer cell lines and is associated with the histological grade, Gleason score and extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer.
文摘The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, has been demonstrated to sensitize tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL）-mediated apoptosis. Natural killer （NK） cells represent potent antitumor effector cells. They also express TRAIL. Therefore, we investigated whether bortezomib could sensitize tumor cells to NK cell-mediated killing, and have the same effect in human prostate cancer cell lines （LNCaP and DU145）. We found that bortezomib strongly inhibits proliferation in both cell lines. Furthermore, compared with LNCaP cells, DU145 cells are more sensitive to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. However, bortezomib is unable to sensitize these two cell lines to NK cell-mediated killing in short-term assays. In long-term assays, we found that killing mediated by activated NK cells following bortezomib treatment leads to greater antitumor effects than either treatment alone. In addition, treatment with bortezomib causes these cells to upregulate apoptosis-related mRNA as well as death receptors and downregulate the major histocompatibility class （MHC）-I molecule on the cell surface of DU145 cells. In contrast, LNCaP cells are not sensitized by this treatment. Death receptors and the MHC-I molecule did not change in this cell line. These data suggest that bortezomib can be used to sensitize prostate cancer cells to NK cell-mediated killing and improve current cancer therapies. This theral）eutic stratelzv may be more effective in I）atients with androeen-insensitive orostate cancer.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Nos.11873006,11933002,11903082,and U1931210the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with Nos.CMS-CSST-2021-A01,CMS-CSST-2021A12,and CMS-CSST-2021-A07。
文摘Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful tool in modern cosmology.To accurately measure the weak lensing signal,one has to control the systematic bias on a small level.One of the most difficult problems is how to correct the smearing effect of the Point-Spread Function(PSF)on the shape of the galaxies.The chromaticity of PSF for a broad-band observation can lead to new subtle effects.Since the PSF is wavelength-dependent and the spectrum energy distributions between stars and galaxies are different,the effective PSF measured from the star images will be different from those that smear the galaxies.Such a bias is called color bias.We estimate it in the optical bands of the Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope from simulated PSFs,and show the dependence on the color and redshift of the galaxies.Moreover,due to the spatial variation of spectra over the galaxy image,another higher-order bias exists:color gradient bias.Our results show that both color bias and color gradient bias are generally below 0.1%in CSST.Only for small-size galaxies,one needs to be careful about the color gradient bias in the weak lensing analysis using CSST data.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760641,31750002)
文摘The subfamily Dinetinae W. Fox, genus Dinetus Panzer and species Dinetus arenarius Kazenas are reported from China for the first time. In addition, a key to the worldwide species of the genus Dinetus is provided. The examined specimens are deposited in the Insect Collections of Yunnan Agricultural University(YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572303)
文摘Eu3+ions doped Zn(OH)F and ZnO micro-structures with specific morphologies were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method only through altering the addition amount of NH4F and hexamethylenetetramine(HMT).The phase structure,morphology and luminescence properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),photoluminescence(PL)spectra and lifetime.The results indicate that the obtained Zn(OH)F:Eu^3+samples possess net-like and dandelion-like morphologies,which have an identical orthorhombic phase structure.It is found that the addition amount of raw materials such as NH4F and HMT plays a critical role for the formation of Zn(OH)F:Eu^3+.If the addition amounts of NH4F or HMT are reduced by half,the hexagonal ZnO:Eu^3+sample with peanut-like morphology can be obtained.Under the excitation of UV light,both the as-prepared Zn(OH)F:Eu^3+and ZnO:Eu^3+samples exhibit the characteristic emission of the doped Eu^3+.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572303,52002117)。
文摘CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods were successfully obtained via a simple hydrothermal method and combined with carbon dots(CDs)to obtain CDs@CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods.Due to the combination of CDs,the emission intensity of CDs@CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods increases about 92 times,compared with that of CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods.The combination of CDs and CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nanorods was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and so on.The mechanism of luminescence enhancement may be attributed to some aspects:the formation of hexagonal phase results in the increase of crystal field symmetry,and the energy transfer among CDs,Ce^(3+)and Tb^(3+)ions,which causes the Tb^(3+)ions in CDs@CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nano rods to obtain mo re excited energy and less non-radiative atte nuation co mpared to CePO_(4):Tb^(3+)nano rods.The luminescence enhancement strategy through combination of CDs would provide a simple and effective approach for other rare earth ions doped luminescent materials.
