雷珠单抗或加减驻景方对形觉剥夺性近视豚鼠眼轴和脉络膜厚度的短期影响

目的:观察形觉剥夺性豚鼠近视模型中给予中药驻景方或雷珠单抗注射液干预后屈光度、眼轴长度和脉络膜厚度的短期变化。方法:取出生2wk的豚鼠60只,右眼戴头套诱导形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)动物模型。2wk后随机分为雷珠单抗组、驻景方组和生理盐水组(各组n=20)。雷珠单抗组第1d玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗注射液0.02mg 1次,驻景方组给予加减驻景方灌胃3.285g/(kg·d)(1.5mL/d)共7d,生理盐水组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。分别测量记录三组豚鼠给药前和给药后1、3d,1wk的屈光度、眼轴长度和脉络膜厚度。结果:雷珠单抗组给药前后的各值均无差异(P>0.05)。驻景方组和生理盐水组给药后1、3d的屈光度明显降低、眼轴长度缩短、脉络膜厚度增厚(P<0.05),且3d时两组的各值变化最明显,但均在1wk时恢复到给药前的水平。三组间给药1、3d时生理盐水组和驻景方组的屈光度均低于雷珠单抗组,且眼轴长度较短,脉络膜厚度较厚(P<0.05),给药3d时生理盐水组的各值变化最明显(P<0.05)。给药1wk时三组间各指标均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:形觉剥夺性近视恢复期有一个短暂的脉络膜增厚时期,雷珠单抗注射液全程明显抑制了形觉剥夺性近视恢复期脉络膜的增厚,驻景方在3d时开始出现轻微的增厚抑制,均只持续了短暂的1wk时间。

Nitrogen-rich azoles as trifunctional electrolyte additives for high-performance lithium-sulfur battery

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are considered one of the most promising energy storage techniques owing to the high theoretical energy density.However,challenges still remain such as the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LPSs)and the instability of lithium metal anode.Herein,we propose to use nitrogen-rich azoles,i.e.,triazole(Ta)and tetrazole(Tta),as trifunctional electrolyte additives for Li-S batteries.The azoles afford strong lithiophilicity for the chemisorption of LPSs.The density functional theory and experimental analysis verify the presence of Li bonds between the azoles and LPSs.The azoles can also interact with lithium salt in the electrolyte,leading to increase ionic conductivity and lithiumion transference number.Moreover,the azoles render particle-like lithium deposition on the lithium metal anode,leading to superlong cycling of a Li symmetric cell.The Li-S batteries with Ta and Tta exhibit the initial discharge capacity of 1425.5 and 1322.2 m Ah g^(-1),respectively,at 0.2 C rate,and promising cycling stability.They also enable enhanced cycling performance of a Li-organosulfide battery.

ERG11 mutations associated with azole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from vulvovaginal candidosis patients

Objective: To investigate the azole susceptibility of Candida albicans(C.albicans)from vulvovaginal candidosis patients and to analyze the relationship between ERG11 gene mutations in these isolates and azole resistance.Methods: Three hundred and two clinical isolates of Candida species were collected.Azole susceptibility was tested in vitro in microdilution studies. The ERG11 genes of 17 isolates of C. albicans(2 susceptibles, 5 dose-dependent resistants and 10 resistants) were amplified and sequenced.Results: Of the 302 isolates collected, 70.2% were C. albicans, of which 8.5%, 3.8% and4.2% were resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively. In total,27 missense mutations were detected in ERG11 genes from resistant/susceptible dosedependent isolates. Among them, Y132 H, A114 S, and Y257 H substitutions were most prevalent and were known to cause fluconazole resistance. G464 S and F72 S also have been proved to cause fluconazole resistance. Two novel substitutions(T285A, S457P) in hotspot regions were identified.Conclusions: Twenty seven mutations in the ERG11 gene were identified in azoleresistant C. albicans isolates, which indicated a possible relation with the increase in resistance to azole drugs and the recurrence of vulvovaginal candidosis. The relationship of two novel substitutions(T285A, S457P) with fluconazole resistance needs to be further verified by site-directed mutagenesis.

Short term effects of small incision lenticule extraction surgery on corneal endothelium

AIM： To assess the effects of small incision lenticule extraction（SMILE） surgery on the corneal endothelium at1 d to 1mo postoperatively.·METHODS： A retrospective, observational study was conducted on 47 patients（47 eyes） who received SMILE surgery. Patients were grouped according to contact lens wear condition. The corneal endothelium was examined preoperatively and at 1d, 1wk and 1mo postoperatively.The corneal endothelium was analyzed for endothelial cell density（ECD）, percentage of hexagonal cells, and coefficient of variation（CV） of cell size.·RESULTS： There were no significant decrease in the ECD, percentage of hexagonal cells or increase in CV at1 d, 1wk and 1mo postoperatively（P 〉0.05）. However,there was a small increase of ECD by 2.88% in contact lens wearers（78.26±113.62 cell/mm2, P 〈0.05）.· CONCLUSION： SMILE has no significant adverse effects on the corneal ECD and morphology during 1mo follow-up time.

Gene Editing to the Rescue:Reversal of Social Deficits Associated with MECP2 Duplication

Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is broadly recognized as the genetic cause of Rett Syndrome (RTT),a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with the progressive loss in motor skills and speech that is found almost exclusively in young girls [1,2].Over 95%of RTT patients carry loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked MECP2gene,while the same mutations in males largely lead to infantile death.

Physical layer security of underlay cognitive radio using maximal ratio combining

We investigate the secrecy outage performance of maximal ratio combining(MRC) in cognitive radio networks over Rayleigh fading channels. In a single-input multiple-output wiretap system, we consider a secondary user(SU-TX) that transmits confidential messages to another secondary user(SU-RX) equipped with M(M ≥ 1)antennas where the MRC technique is adopted to improve its received signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper equipped with N(N ≥ 1) antennas adopts the MRC scheme to overhear the information between SU-TX and SU-RX. SU-TX adopts the underlay strategy to guarantee the service quality of the primary user without spectrum sensing. We derive the closed-form expressions for an exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probability.