Efficacy of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using a novel foldable capsular buckle

●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation studies.Eighteen patients(18 eyes)who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included.The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling,while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad,external indentation instead of the silicone buckle.The retinal reattachment rate,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive dioptre and astigmatism degree,and complications were evaluated and recorded.●RESULTS:There were 7 males and 11 females aged 19-58y.The average time course of RRD was 12d,ranging from 7-20d.The retinal break was located in the superior quadrants in 8 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 10 eyes,with macula-off detachments in 12 eyes.The patients were followed-up for at least 6mo.The final retinal reattachment rate was 100%.The BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05).There was no significant change in refractive dioptre or astigmatism degree at each follow-up(all P>0.05).Three patients had transiently high IOPs within one week after surgery.Mild diplopia occurred in 5 patients after surgery and then disappeared after the balloon fluid was removed.●CONCLUSION:The success rate of FCB scleral buckling for RRD is satisfactory.This procedure can be expected to be applied in new,uncomplicated cases of RRD.

Characteristics and genesis of groundwater salinization in coastal areas of the Lower Reaches of Oujiang Basin

The coastal areas of the lower reaches of Oujiang River Basin are rich in groundwater resources.However,the unsustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater have led to significant changes in the groundwater environment.Understanding the characteristics and genesis of groundwater salinization is crucial for preventing its deterioration and ensuring sustainable utilization.In this study,a comprehensive approach combining the ion ratio method,mineral saturation index method and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and main controlling factors in the study area.The findings reveal that:(1)Groundwater samples in study area exhibit a neutral to slightly alkaline pH.The predominant chemical types of unconfined water are HCO_(3)-Ca·Na,HCO_(3)·Cl-Na·Ca and HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na,while confined water mainly exhibits Cl·HCO_(3)-Na and Cl-Na types.(2)Salinity coefficients indicate an increase in salinity from unconfined to confined water.TDS,Na^(+)and Cl^(–)concentrations show an increasing trend from mountainous to coastal areas in unconfined water,while confined water displays variability in TDS,Na^(+)and Cl^(–)concentrations.(3)Groundwater salinity is mainly influenced by water-rock interactions,including the dissolution of halite and gypsum,cation exchange,and seawater intrusion etc.Additionally,human activities and carbonate dissolution contribute to salinity in unconfined water.Seawater intrusion is identified as the primary factor leading to higher salinity in confined water compared to unconfined water,with increasing cation exchange and seawater interaction observed from unconfined to confined water.

TCGA-based analysis of oncogenic signaling pathways underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)represents a prevalent malignancy in the oral and maxillofacial area,having a considerable negative impact on both the quality of life and overall survival of affected individuals.Our research endeavors to leverage bioinformatic approaches to elucidate oncogenic signaling pathways,with the ultimate goal of gaining deeper insights into the molecular underpinnings of OSCC pathogenesis,and thus laying the groundwork for the development of more effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.Methods:Differential expression analysis was performed on mRNA data from tumor and normal tissue groups to identify genes associated with OSCC,using The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Predictions of oncogenic signaling pathways linked to differentially expressedmRNAs were made,and these results were presented visually using R software,using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichments.Results:GO and KEGG analyses of 2938 differentially expressed genes in OSCC highlighted their significant involvement in various biological processes.Notably,these processes were related to the extracellular matrix,structural organization,connective tissue development,and cell cycle regulation.Conclusions:The comprehensive exploration of gene expression patterns provides valuable insights into potential oncogenic mechanisms in OSCC.

降眼压药物对青光眼患者眼表影响的研究进展

青光眼是一种累及视网膜神经节细胞的慢性视神经病变,以视乳头萎缩、视野缺损及视力下降为共同特征的疾病。由于青光眼是一种慢性疾病,长期滴用局部降眼压药物往往会合并眼表疾病,从而降低药物依从性,最终影响治疗效果。目前局部降眼压药物主要有前列腺素类衍生物、β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂、α-肾上腺素能受体激动剂、局部碳酸酐酶抑制剂、拟胆碱能类药物。本文就以上5种降眼压药物对青光眼患者眼表影响和相关机制做一综述,并为青光眼患者的眼表保护提供预防性措施。

Epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in diabetic retinopathy:beyond the surface

Epigenetics focuses on DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling,noncoding RNAs,and other gene regulation mechanisms beyond the DNA sequence.In the past decade,epigenetic modifications have drawn more attention as they participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy despite tight control of glucose levels.The underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy still urgently need to be elucidated.The diabetic condition facilitates epigenetic changes and influences target gene expression.In this review,we summarize the involvement of epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and propose novel insights into the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ultrasonic cycloplasty vs valve implantation and anti-VEGF for the treatment of fundus disease-related neovascular glaucoma

·AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasonic cycloplasty(UCP) vs Ahmed glaucoma drainage valve implantation(ADV) in addition to intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) for treatment of fundus disease-related neovascular glaucoma(NVG).·METHODS: A total of 43 patients(45 eyes) with NVG secondary to fundus diseases underwent anti-VEGF combined with UCP or ADV from August 2020 to March 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Of them, 14 patients(15 eyes) were treated with both UCP and anti-VEGF as the UCP group and 29 patients(30 eyes) treated with both ADV and anti-VEGF as the ADV group. The success of the treatment was defined as intraocular pressure(IOP) between 11-20 mm Hg with or without using IOP-lowering drugs. IOP measurement, IOP lowering drugs at baseline and follow-ups period and complications were recorded.·RESULTS: The average age was 63.03±9.95 and 52.27±12.89y in ADV and UCP groups, respectively(P=1.947). The fundus pathology included proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 42 eyes and retinal vein occlusion in 3 eyes. All eyes in both groups achieved successful treatment at 3mo. While the success rate was 90.0%(27/30) in the ADV group and 86.7%(13/15) in the UCP group at the last follow-up of 6mo(P>0.05). IOP was significantly lower with reduction of drug use than the baseline in both groups(both P<0.05). And the ADV group needed fewer anti-glaucoma drops than the UCP group from 1d to 3mo. The comfort scores of patients in the ADV group were significantly lower than those in the UCP group in the first week after the operation(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION: UCP is an alternative to the ADV with the same efficacy but non-invasive for the treatment of NVG.

Measurements of Majorana transition frequency shift in caesium atomic fountain clocks

The caesium atomic fountain clock is a primary frequency standard.During its operation,a Majorana transition frequency shift will occur once a magnetic field at some special locations along the atomic trajectory is singular.In this study,by developing a physical model,we analyzed the magnetic field requirements for atomic adiabatic transition and calculated the influence of the Majorana atomic transition on the atomic state via a quantum method.Based on the simulation results for the magnetic field in the fountain clock,we applied the Monte Carlo method to simulate the relationship between the Majorana transition frequency shift and the magnetic field at the entrance of the magnetic shielding,as well as the initial atomic population.Measurement of the Majorana transition frequency shift was realized by state-selecting asymmetrically populated atoms.The relationship between the Majorana transition frequency shift and the axial magnetic field at the entrance of the magnetic shielding was obtained.The measured results were essentially consistent with the calculated results.Thus,the magnetic field at the entrance of the magnetic shielding was configured,and the Majorana transition frequency shift of the fountain clock was calculated to be 4.57×10^(-18).

OCT联合分离格栅视觉诱发电位在POAG诊治中的应用

目的:分析光学相干断层扫描(OCT)联合分离格栅视觉诱发电位(Ic-VEP)在原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)诊治中的应用价值。方法:前瞻性队列研究。选取2014-10/2018-05就诊我院的可疑青光眼患者32例32眼、早期POAG患者30例30眼、中晚期POAG患者25例25眼及正常人30例30眼,所有纳入人员均进行OCT、Ic-VEP、视野检查,对结果进行分析。结果:Ic-VEP在早期POAG组敏感性为83%,特异性为93%;信噪比(SNR)组间两两比较,8%SNR:早期POAG组与可疑青光眼组差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05),其余组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 05); 16%SNR及32%SNR:正常组与中晚期POAG组比较、可疑青光眼与中晚期POAG组比较、早期POAG组与中晚期POAG组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 01),其余组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。四组视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFL)参数均随病情加重变薄,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。四组视野平均缺损(MD)逐渐减小,可疑青光眼组与正常组差异无统计学意义(P=0. 08),其余组间差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。8%SNR、平均RNFL及MD的ROC曲线下面积在可疑青光眼组分别为0. 824、0. 846、0. 661;在早期POAG组分别为0. 898、0. 969、0. 889。结论:OCT与Ic-VEP对POAG的早期变化有较高的诊断能力,并能评估视神经的损伤程度,可联合用于POAG的早期诊断和病情评估。

OCTA评价无糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑区微循环特征的Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析的方法,对光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)测量无糖尿病视网膜病变(NDR)的患者黄斑区的血流密度(VD)及浅层中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积进行系统评价,探讨糖尿病早期视网膜的微循环特征。方法:在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库中全面检索发表于2011-01-01/2021-01-05之间关于OCTA分析NDR患者黄斑区不同区域血流密度的研究。比较NDR组与正常对照组(同期年龄、性别与NDR组患者相匹配的健康人群)在浅层旁中心凹血流密度(spafVD)、浅层中心凹周围血流密度(spefVD)、深层旁中心凹血流密度(dpafVD)、深层中心凹周围血流密度(dpefVD)、浅层FAZ面积、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)。结果:研究纳入文献13篇,共1227眼(正常对照组558眼,NDR组669眼)。Meta分析结果显示:与正常对照组相比,NDR组spafVD(MD=-1.90,95%CI:-2.43~-1.37,P<0.00001)、spefVD(MD=-1.29,95%CI:-2.14~-0.44,P=0.003)、dpafVD(MD=-2.18,95%CI:-2.69~-1.67,P<0.00001)、dpefVD(MD=-2.37,95%CI:-3.27~-1.46,P<0.00001)显著降低,其中dpefVD降低更明显;浅层FAZ面积(MD=0.04,95%CI:0.03~0.06,P<0.00001)增大;两组BCVA比较无差异(MD=0.00,95%CI:-0.01~0.02,P=0.44)。结论:黄斑区深层中心凹周围区毛细血管损伤是糖尿病患者视网膜微循环障碍的最早期表现,也是糖尿病视网膜病变临床随访的关键指标。

胃癌细胞表面ALDH1表达及ALDH1^+细胞的“干性”鉴定

目的检测胃癌细胞系的乙醛脱氢酶1(ALDH1)表达,鉴定ALDH1^+细胞生物学特性。方法采用Aldefluor实验方法,通过流式细胞仪检测胃癌细胞系MGC-803、BGC-823及MKN-45中ALDH1的活性表达;选取MGC-803细胞系,分选出ALDH1^+和ALDH1^-细胞,进行分化潜能、平板克隆、耐药性、干性相关基因检测及裸鼠成瘤实验。结果MGC-803、BGC-823及MKN-45中ALDH1的表达比例为(13.00±1.34)%、(5.80±2.15)%及(36.5±5.4)%;分选出ALDH1^+、ALDH1^-细胞组,含血清培养1周后,ALDH1^+的表达比例为21.2%和3.9%,ALDH1^+细胞具有不对称分裂能力;ALDH1^+细胞组克隆形成率为(42.63±0.63)%,高于ALDH1^-细胞组(18.5±2.04)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相同氟尿嘧啶浓度下,ALDH1^+组生长抑制率均低于ALDH1^-组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);接种5×10~3个ALDH1^+及ALDH1^-细胞于小鼠皮下成瘤,与ALDH1^-细胞比较,ALDH1^+细胞成瘤率高。两组肿瘤体积比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌细胞系普遍存在ALDH1的活性表达,ALDH1^+细胞具有干细胞生物学特性,可能提供胃癌新的诊断和治疗途径。

促红细胞生成素治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的研究进展

糖尿病性视网膜病变是糖尿病最常见和严重的眼部并发症,也是工作年龄人群致盲的主要原因。视网膜内几乎所有类型的细胞均受累及,导致视网膜“神经-血管单元”和“神经-胶质网络”破坏及功能障碍。促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)是一种糖蛋白激素,研究发现EPO在多种中枢神经系统疾病中发挥神经保护、神经营养、抗炎、抗凋亡及抗氧化等作用。本文主要就EPO维持糖尿病性视网膜病变状态下视网膜的功能进行综述,以期为糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床治疗提供新思路。

Research on mine dustfall agents based on the mechanism of wetting and coagulation

Mine dust is classified as one of five natural coal mining disasters because it can harm the health of miners and poses a serious threat to the safety of the coal mine. Therefore, preparation of an effective dust suppression agent is highly desired. To improve the capture efficiency of fine dust, this study examines the dust suppression effects of various combinations of wetting agents, additives, and coagulation agents by using the optimum seeking method to reduce mine dust, particularly respirable particles. The optimal formula is shown to contain 10wt% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether（JFC）, 4.96wt% cationic polyacrylamide, and 4wt% calcium chloride. The dust suppression effect can be achieved at 96.1% in 5 min by using the optimal formula.

Changes of Serum Trace Elements, AFP, CEA, SF, T3, T4 and IGF-Ⅱ in Different Periods of Rat Liver Cancer

Objective: Based on liver cancer model built in SD rats, the contents of trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg), AFP, CEA, SF, TH and IGF-II in serum were measured at different stages to explore the molecular changes during the rat liver cancer development. Methods: The SD rat liver cancer model was built by using diethylnitrosamine (DENA) as the mutagen. During 16 weeks of DENA gavage, blood samples were taken in the 14th, 28th, 56th, 77th, 105th and 112th days respectively after the first day of gavage with DENA, then the contents of five trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg), T3, T4, IGF-II, AFP, CEA and SF in serum were determined. Results: During the development of the rat liver cancer, in the test group, the Cu content significantly increased in serum, while the contents of Fe, Zn and Ca significantly decreased. The content of Mg showed no significant change. AFP and CEA of the test group showed same expression level with the control group; while the content of SF was lower than that of the control group when cancerization appeared. T3 and T4 increased at the first stage and then went down, and the content of IGF-II was always high. Conclusion: Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, T3, T4, SF and IGF-II are closely related to the development of liver cancer. The changes of their contents in the development of cancer could enlighten the researches on cancer pathogenesis and prevention.

Evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift in NTSC-F2

Caesium atomic fountain clock is a primary frequency standard,which realizes the duration of second.Its performance is mostly dominated by the frequency accuracy,and the C-field induced second-order Zeeman frequency shift is the major effect,which limits the accuracy improvement.By applying a high-precision current supply and high-performance magnetic shieldings,the C-field stability has been improved significantly.In order to achieve a uniform C-field,this paper proposes a doubly wound C-field solenoid,which compensates the radial magnetic field along the atomic flight region generated by the lead-out single wire and improves the accuracy evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift.Based on the stable and uniform C-field,we launch the selected atoms to different heights and record the magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition|F=3,mF=-1→|F=4,mF=-1 central frequency,obtaining this frequency shift as 131.03×10^(-15)and constructing the C-field profile(σ=0.15 n T).Meanwhile,during normal operation,we lock NTSC-F2 to the central frequency of the magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition|F=3,mF=-1→|F=4,mF=-1 fringe for ten consecutive days and record this frequency fluctuation in time domain.The first evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift uncertainty is 0.10×10^(-15).The total deviation of the frequency fluctuation on the clock transition induced by the C-field instability is less than 2.6×10^(-17).Compared with NTSC-F1,NTSC-F2,there appears a significant improvement.

Clinical diagnosis,treatment,and medical identification of specific pulmonary infection in naval pilots:Four case reports

BACKGROUND Specific pulmonary infection could seriously threaten the health of pilots and their companions.The consequences are serious.We investigated the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and medical identification of specific pulmonary infections in naval pilots.CASE SUMMARY We analyzed the medical waiver and clinical data of four pilots with specific pulmonary infections,who had accepted treatment at the Naval Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army between January 2020 and November 2021,including three cases of tuberculosis and one of cryptococcal pneumonia.All cases underwent a series of comprehensive treatment courses.Three cases successfully obtained medical waiver for flight after being cured,while one was grounded after reaching the maximum flight life after being cured.CONCLUSION Chest computed tomography scanning should be used instead of chest radiography in pilots’physical examination.Most pilots with specific pulmonary infection can be cured and return to flight.

Analysis of two naval pilots’ ejection injuries: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Recently,two naval pilots in a two-seat trainer jet were forced to eject urgently due to sudden mechanical failure during night-time training.They were both successfully rescued and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.In this study,we investigate their ejection injuries and recovery process.CASE SUMMARY We analyzed the clinical data of the traumatic condition and recovery process from ejection injuries of two pilots who ejected from a failed trainer jet and survived.After being successfully rescued and sent to the hospital,they were diagnosed with multiple ejection injuries,including eye trauma,limb bone and joint injury,rib and spine injury,and so on.Both cases underwent fluid replacement,acid suppression,nutritional support,hemostasis,bone metabolism improvement,phlegm elimination,psychological measurement,blood circulation promotion and detumescence,physical therapy,and external fixation with braces for 1 mo before being discharged from hospital.They then recuperated in a sanatorium for 2 mo,and the related laboratory tests and supplementary examinations show that they recovered from all the above injuries.After successfully passing the psychological test and physical examination,they returned to flight duty 3 mo after ejection.CONCLUSION The causes and conditions of ejection injury in the pilots were very complex.Although they finally recovered quickly and were released,it also serves as a reminder that attention should be paid to pilots’ejection and parachute training in order to significantly reduce ejection injury and improve the ejection success rate.In addition,air defense support personnel should strengthen search and rescue and on-site emergency measures,and locate and rescue pilots in distress as early as possible to reduce subsequent injuries.

A Single Central Pattern Generator for the Control of a Locomotor Rolling Wave in Mollusc Aplysia

Locomotion in mollusc Aplysia is implemented by a pedal rolling wave,a type of axial locomotion.Well-studied examples of axial locomotion(pedal waves in Drosophila larvae and body waves in leech,lamprey,and fish)are generated in a segmented nervous system via activation of multiple coupled central pattern generators(CPGs).Pedal waves in molluscs,however,are generated by a single pedal ganglion,and it is unknown whether there are single or multiple CPGs that generate rhythmic activity and phase shifts between different body parts.During locomotion in intact Aplysia,bursting activity in the parapedal commissural nerve(PPCN)was found to occur during tail contraction.A cluster of 20 to 30 P1 root neurons(P1Ns)on the ventral surface of the pedal ganglion,active during the pedal wave,were identified.Computational cluster analysis revealed that there are 2 phases to the motor program:phase I(centered around 168°)and phase II(centered around 357°).PPCN activity occurs during phase II.The majority of P1Ns are motoneurons.Coactive P1Ns tend to be electrically coupled.Two classes of pedal interneurons(PIs)were characterized.Class 1(PI1 and PI2)is active during phase I.Their axons make a loop within the pedal ganglion and contribute to locomotor pattern generation.They are electrically coupled to P1Ns that fire during phase I.Class 2(PI3)is active during phase II and innervates the contralateral pedal ganglion.PI3 may contribute to bilateral coordination.Overall,our findings support the idea that Aplysia pedal waves are generated by a single CPG.

Determination of royal jelly freshness by ELISA with a highly specific anti-apalbumin 1,major royal jelly protein 1 antibody

Major royal jelly protein 1（MRJP1）, designated apalbumin 1, has been regarded as a freshness marker of royal jelly（RJ）. A MRJP1-specific peptide（IKEALPHVPIFD） identified by bioinformatics analysis of homologous members of the major royal protein family was synthesized and used to raise polyclonal anti-MRJP1 antibody（antiSP-MRJP1 antibody）. Western blot analysis showed that anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody only reacted with MRJP1 in RJ. In contrast, the previously reported antibody against recombinant MRJP1（anti-R-MRJP1 antibody） reacted with other members of MRJP family in RJ. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） using anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody demonstrated that MRJP1 content in RJ stored at 40 °C significantly degraded by 37.3%, 55.9%, 58.0%, 60.6%, 65.7%, 72.7%, and 73.1% at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 d, respectively, when compared with MRJP1 content in fresh RJ（0 d）. Optical density analysis of MRJP bands from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（SDS-PAGE） profiles demonstrated that the degradation of MRJP1, MRJP2, MRJP3, and MRJP5 in RJ was strongly and positively correlated with the period of storage（P〈0.0001）. Our results indicated anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody was highly specific for MRJP1, and ELISA using the antibody is a sensitive and easy-to-use method to determine the freshness and authenticity of RJ.