Major Diseases and Pests of Blueberry in Guizhou Province and Progress in Their Prevention and Control

As the blueberry industry continues to evolve,the effective control of its diseases and pests has become an essential component of local agricultural development.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principal types of blueberry diseases and pests in Guizhou Province,along with the corresponding control measures,in order to serve as a valuable reference for blueberry growers.

Solid Material Formula of Small Fragrant Chicken Soup Stock and Improvement of Boiling Process

[Objectives]To study the solid material formula and boiling process of Small Fragrant Chicken Soup Stock.[Methods]Small fragrant chicken and edible fungi were used as the main raw materials to prepare instant chicken and Morchella esculenta soup stock,and the influencing factors such as solid material ratio,ratio of liquid to material,time and temperature were studied,and the optimal formula and process of the soup stock were screened out through sensory and instrument evaluation experiments.[Results]The optimal formula and process of Small Fragrant Chicken Soup Stock were as follows:small fragrant chicken 40%,M.esculenta 6%,Lyophyllum decastes 3%and Lentinus edodes 1.5%;the ratio of liquid to material was 2.5:1,the boiling time was 2 h,and the boiling temperature was 120℃.Under these conditions,the sensory score of Small Fragrant Chicken Soup Stock was the best.[Conclusions]This study provided a theoretical basis for the industrial production of edible mushroom prepared dishes.

Elucidating ligand effects in rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed arene-alkene coupling reactions

Rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed C-H couplings of arenes with alkenes are among the most powerful methods for C-C bond formation.For these transformations,subtle manipulation of ancillary ligands can lead to dramatic changes in reactivity and selectivity.However,detailed mechanistic studies concerning the ligand effects are rare.In this study,we investigated the origin of ligand-controlled product-selectivity in rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed C-H couplings of arenes with alkenes,using a series of well-defined[CpXRhⅢ]complexes that feature electronically or sterically distinct Cp^(X)(Cp(η^(5)-C_(5)H_(5)),Cp^(CF3)(η^(5)-C_(5)Me_(4)CF_(3))and Cp^(∗)(η^(5)-C_(5)Me_(5)))ligands.A combination of experimental and theoretical investigations showed that(i)rhodium hydride species containing the electron rich Cp^(∗)ligand can undergo reinsertion of the alkene,thereby allowing rhodium-walking,(ii)rhodium hydride species involving the electron-deficient Cp or Cp^(CF3) ligands prefer reductive elimination rather than alkene insertion.These findings offer valuable insights on future rational catalyst design for selective arene-alkene cross coupling reactions.

对典型多通道反应H+CH3OH的模式特异动力学研究

H+CH_(3)OH作为典型的多通道反应,在燃烧和星际中起着重要的作用.本文基于在UCCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ水平上计算的大量数据点,构建了该体系的全维精确势能面,并基于该势能面,研究了不同产物通道的模式特异动力学.结果表明,O-H伸缩、沿C-O轴的扭转以及C-H伸缩等模式的振动激发对H_(2)+CH_(3)O、H_(2)+CH_(2)OH、H_(2)O+CH_(3)和H+CH_(3)OH四个产物通道有着不同的影响.该研究有助于理解具有多个产物通道的复杂反应的模式特异动力学,进而帮助控制其竞争反应.

Separation of La(Ⅲ),Ce(Ⅳ)and Ca(Ⅱ)from bastnaesite using acidic phosphonic chitosan and rotating disk membrane

The separation of rare earths is difficult due to their similar properties and the complex characteristics of associated vein o res.Complexation-ultrafiltration(CUF)and shear induced o rderly dissociation coupling with ultrafiltration(SIODUF)were used to separate metal ions(M,M=La(Ⅲ),Ce(Ⅳ)and Ca(Ⅱ))from simulated bastnaesite leaching solution using acidic phosphonic chitosan(aPCS)and rotating disk membrane.Effect of simultaneous removal of metallic ions was investigated by CUF,and suitable conditions were obtained for C/M 10.0(mass ratio of complexant to metal ions)and pH 5.0.The shear stabilities of aPCS-M complexes were explored at different pH values and the results show that the complexes can dissociate at a certain rotational speed,the critical one.The critical s hear rates of aPCS-La,aPCS-Ce and aPCS-Ca complexes at pH 5.0 were calculated as 1.42×10^(5).1.69×10^(5) and 9.75×10^(4) s^(-1),respectively.The order of complexes shear stability is aPCS-Ca aPCS-La<aPCS-Ce.The high selective separation of M and regeneration of aPCS were achieved by SIODUF in the light of the difference of aPCSM complexes shear stabilities.The separation coefficientsβLa/Ce andβCa/La reach 31.2 and 53.9,respectively.

Rational Design of Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Molecule Complexes for Chirality Sensing

Comprehensive Summary,Sensing the chirality of molecules is of great importance to fields such as enantioselective synthesis,pharmaceutical industry,and biomedicine.Plasmonic nanoparticles are ideal candidates for molecular sensing due to their inherent plasmonic properties that significantly enhance their sensitivity to surrounding molecules.Developing plasmonic nanoparticle-molecule complexes for chirality sensing has drawn enormous attention in recent years due to their intriguing properties and potential applications.Thus,in this review,we believe it is timely to circumnavigate the rational design of plasmonic nanoparticle-molecule complexes and widen the scope of their emerging applications in chirality sensing.First,we present different fundamental mechanisms for plasmon-based chirality that are built on the system of plasmonic nanoparticle-molecule complexes.Second,we review the typical applications of plasmonic nanoparticle-molecule complexes in chirality sensing.Third,we discuss the emerging biomedical applications that the plasmon-based chirality has attracted enormous interest.Finally,we provide an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the field of plasmonic approaches for chirality sensing.

Phase separation in plants:New insights into cellular compartmentalization

A fundamental challenge for cells is how to coordinate various biochemical reactions in space and time. To achieve spatiotemporal control, cells have developed organelles that are surrounded by lipid bilayer membranes. Further, membraneless compartmentalization, a process induced by dynamic physical association of biomolecules through phase transition offers another efficient mechanism for intracellular organization. While our understanding of phase separation was predominantly dependent on yeast and animal models, recent findings have provided compelling evidence for emerging roles of phase separation in plants. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge of phase separation, including its definition, biophysical principles, molecular features and regulatory mechanisms. Then we summarize plant-specific phase separation phenomena and describe their functions in plant biological processes in great detail. Moreover, we propose that phase separation is an evolutionarily conserved and efficient mechanism for cellular compartmentalization which allows for distinct metabolic processes and signaling pathways, and is especially beneficial for the sessile lifestyle of plants to quickly and efficiently respond to the changing environment.

The DELLA-ABI4-HY5 module integrates light and gibberellin signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation

Plant growth is coordinately controlled by various environmental and hormonal signals,of which light and gibberellin(GA)signals are two critical factors with opposite effects on hypocotyl elongation.Although interactions between the light and GA signaling pathways have been studied extensively,the detailed regulatory mechanism of their direct crosstalk in hypocotyl elongation remains to be fully clarified.Previously,we reported that ABA INSENSITIVE 4(ABI4)controls hypocotyl elongation through its regulation of cellelongation-related genes,but whether it is also involved in GA signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation is unknown.In this study,we showthat promotion of hypocotyl elongation by GA is dependent on ABI4 activation.DELLAs interact directly with ABI4 and inhibit its DNA-binding activity.In turn,ABI4 combined with ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5),a key positive factor in light signaling,feedback regulates the expression of the GA2ox GA catabolism genes and thus modulates GA levels.Taken together,our results suggest that the DELLA-ABI4-HY5 module may serve as a molecular link that integrates GA and light signals to control hypocotyl elongation.

Regulatory dynamics of the higher-plant PSI-LHCI supercomplex during state transitions

State transition is a fundamental light acclimation mechanism of photosynthetic organisms in response to the environmental light conditions.This process rebalances the excitation energy between photosystemI(PSl)and photosystem Il through regulated reversible binding of the light-harvesting complex Il(LHCll)to PSl.However,the structural reorganization of PSI-LHCI,the dynamic binding of LHCll,and the regulatory mechanisms underlying state transitions are less understood in higher plants.In this study,using cryoelectron microscopy we resolved the structures of PSI-LHCI in both state 1(PSI-LHCI-ST1)and state 2(PSILHCI-LHCll-ST2)from Arabidopsis thaliana.Combined genetic and functional analyses revealed novel contacts between Lhcb1 and PsaK that further enhanced the binding of the LHCll trimer to the PSI core with the known interactions between phosphorylated Lhcb2 and the PsaL/PsaH/PsaO subunits.Specifically,PsaO was absent in the PSI-LHCI-ST1 supercomplex but present in the PSI-LHCI-LHCIl-ST2 supercomplex,in which the PsaL/PsaK/PsaA subunits undergo several conformational changes to strengthen the binding of PsaO in ST2.Furthermore,the PSI-LHCI module adopts a more compact configuration with shorter Mg-to-Mg distances between the chlorophylls,which may enhance the energy transfer efficiency from the peripheral antenna to the PSl core in ST2.Collectively,our work provides novel structural and functional insights into the mechanisms of light acclimation during state transitions in higher plants.

Precision Methylome and In Vivo Methylation Kinetics Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)is an important pathogen that can cause severe hospital-and community-acquired infections.To systematically investigate its methylation features,we determined the whole-genome sequences of 14 K.pneumoniae strains covering varying serotypes,multilocus sequence types,clonal groups,viscosity/virulence,and drug resistance.Their methylomes were further characterized using Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time and bisulfite technologies.We identified 15 methylation motifs[13 N6-methyladenine(6mA)and two 5-methylcytosine(5mC)motifs],among which eight were novel.Their corresponding DNA methyltransferases were also validated.Additionally,we analyzed the genomic distribution of GATC and CCWGG methylation motifs shared by all strains,and identified differential distribution patterns of some hemi-/un-methylated GATC motifs,which tend to be located within intergenic regions(IGRs).Specifically,we characterized the in vivo methylation kinetics at single-base resolution on a genome-wide scale by simulating the dynamic processes of replication-mediated passive demethylation and MTase-catalyzed re-methylation.The slow methylation of the GATC motifs in the replication origin(oriC)regions and IGRs implicates the epigenetic regulation of replication initiation and transcription.Our findings illustrate the first comprehensive dynamic methylome map of K.pneumoniae at single-base resolution,and provide a useful reference to better understand epigenetic regulation in this and other bacterial species.

Geographically varying relationships between population flows from Wuhan and COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities

The COVID-19 epidemic widely spread across China from Wuhan,Hubei Province,because of huge migration before 2020 Chinese New Year.Previous studies demonstrated that population outflows from Wuhan determined COVID-19 cases in other cities but neglected spatial hetero-geneities of their relationships.Here,we use Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)model to investigate the spatially varying influences of outflows from Wuhan.Overall,the GWR model increases explanatory ability of outflows from Wuhan by 20%,with the adjusted R2 increasing from~0.6 of Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)models to~0.8 of GWR models.The coefficient between logarithmic of outflows from Wuhan and COVID-19 cases in other cities is generally less than 1.The sub-linear scaling relationship indicates the increasing returns of outflows was restrained,proving the epidemic was efficiently controlled outside Hubei at the beginning without obvious local transmissions.Coefficients in GWR models vary in cities.Not only cities around Wuhan but also cities having close connections with Wuhan experienced higher coefficients,showing a higher vulnerability of these cities.The secondary or multi-level trans-mission networks deserve to be further explored to fully uncover influences of migrations on the COVID-19 pandemic.

The quantitative proteome atlas of a model cyanobacterium

Cyanobacteria are a group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria with great potentials in biotechnological applications and advantages as models for photosynthesis research. The subcellular localizations of the majority of proteins in any cyanobacteria remain undetermined, representing a major challenge in using cyanobacteria for both basic and industrial researches. Here, using label-free quantitative proteomics, we map 2027 proteins of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, a model cyanobacterium, to different subcellular compartments and generate a proteome atlas with such information. The atlas leads to numerous unexpected but important findings, including the predominant localization of the histidine kinases Hik33 and Hik27 on the thylakoid but not the plasma membrane. Such information completely changes the concept regarding how the two kinases are activated. Together, the atlas provides subcellular localization information for nearly 60% proteome of a model cyanobacterium, and will serve as an important resource for the cyanobacterial research community.

Comprehensive Investigations of the Cl+CH_(3)OH→HCl+CH_(3)O/CH_(2)OH Reaction:Validation of Experiment and Dynamic Insights

Cl+CH_(3)OH→HCl+CH_(3)O/CH_(2)OH is a prototypical multiple-channel reaction.Experimentally,ample dynamical and kinetic information is available,but there are still many uncertainties concerning the reaction mechanism.Theoretical investigations are rare due to the absence of a potential energy surface(PES),which has greatly hindered our understanding of the reaction dynamics.Using a machine-learning approach,an accurate full-dimensional PES for the title reaction based on tens of thousands of high-level ab initio data is reported.Comprehensive dynamical calculations were performed on the PES using quasi-classical trajectories,and the results provide insights into the reaction kinetics and dynamics.The calculated non-Arrhenius rate coefficients are consistent with the experimental data,attributable to a complex-forming mechanism at low temperatures.At high energies,the reaction is dominated by a direct mechanism,which results in dominant forward scattering via a stripping mechanism augmented by less prominent sideways and backward scattering via a rebound mechanism.At collision energies of 5.6 and 8.7 kcal/mol,the measured product translational energy and ro-vibrational state distributions of HCl are well reproduced.In addition,mode specificity is revealed and rationalized by the sudden vector projection model.This work sheds valuable light on the microscopic mechanism and dynamics of this prototypical multichannel reaction.