Stars with initial masses in the range of 8-25 solar masses are thought to end their lives as hydrogen-rich supernovae(SNeⅡ).Based on the pre-explosion images of Hubble space telescope(HST)and Spitzer space telescope...Stars with initial masses in the range of 8-25 solar masses are thought to end their lives as hydrogen-rich supernovae(SNeⅡ).Based on the pre-explosion images of Hubble space telescope(HST)and Spitzer space telescope,we place tight constraints on the progenitor candidate of type IIP SN 2023ixf in Messier 101.Fitting of the spectral energy distribution(SED)of its progenitor with dusty stellar spectral models results in an estimation of the effective temperature as 3091+422-258K.The luminosity is estimated as lg(L/L⊙)~4.83,consistent with a red supergiant(RSG)star with an initial mass of 12-1+2M⊙.The derived mass loss rate(6×10^(-6)-9×10^(-6)M⊙yr^(-1))is much lower than that inferred from the flash spectroscopy of the SN,suggesting that the progenitor experienced a sudden increase in mass loss when approaching the final explosion.In the infrared bands,significant deviation from the range of regular RSGs in the color-magnitude diagram and period-luminosity space of the progenitor star indicates enhanced mass loss and dust formation.Combined with new evidence of polarization at the early phases of SN 2023ixf,such a violent mass loss is likely a result of binary interaction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12288102,12033003,and 11633002)the Ma Huateng Foundation+4 种基金the Scholar Program of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology(Grant No.DZ:BS202002)the Tencent Xplorer Prizesponsored(in part)by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)through a grant to the CAS South America Center for Astronomy(CASSACA)in Santiago,ChileFunding for the LJT has been provided by the CAS and the People’s Government of Yunnan Province。
文摘Stars with initial masses in the range of 8-25 solar masses are thought to end their lives as hydrogen-rich supernovae(SNeⅡ).Based on the pre-explosion images of Hubble space telescope(HST)and Spitzer space telescope,we place tight constraints on the progenitor candidate of type IIP SN 2023ixf in Messier 101.Fitting of the spectral energy distribution(SED)of its progenitor with dusty stellar spectral models results in an estimation of the effective temperature as 3091+422-258K.The luminosity is estimated as lg(L/L⊙)~4.83,consistent with a red supergiant(RSG)star with an initial mass of 12-1+2M⊙.The derived mass loss rate(6×10^(-6)-9×10^(-6)M⊙yr^(-1))is much lower than that inferred from the flash spectroscopy of the SN,suggesting that the progenitor experienced a sudden increase in mass loss when approaching the final explosion.In the infrared bands,significant deviation from the range of regular RSGs in the color-magnitude diagram and period-luminosity space of the progenitor star indicates enhanced mass loss and dust formation.Combined with new evidence of polarization at the early phases of SN 2023ixf,such a violent mass loss is likely a result of binary interaction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1600404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12173082)+6 种基金science research grants from the China Manned Space Project(CMS-CSST-2021-A12)the Yunnan Province Foundation(202201AT070069)the Top-notch Young Talents Program of Yunnan Provincethe Light of West China Program provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe International Centre of Supernovae,Yunnan Key Laboratory(202302AN360001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12288102,12033003,and 11633002)the Scholar Program of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology(DZ:BS202002)。
文摘Ⅱ型超新星是宇宙中最常见的恒星爆炸,其富氢的大质量前身星最后阶段的演变让人捉摸不透.这类恒星晚期演化和由此产生的星周环境的差异导致了超新星丰富的观测多样性.为了建立Ⅱ型超新星爆炸与大质量恒星晚期演化之间的联系,有必要捕捉超新星爆炸的第一缕光,即由激波爆发冷却产生的高能光子电离星周物质造成的闪亮光谱.近邻星系M 101中爆发的SN 2023ixf为探索这个问题提供了难得的机会.本文利用爆炸后1~5天内频繁拍摄地闪亮光谱,对这颗超新星周围物质的性质进行严格的约束.计算得出,SN 2023ixf前身星在爆炸前最后2~3年中以高达M≈6×10^(-4)M⊙a^(-1)速率损失物质.这些物质以55 km s^(-1)的速度运动,在距离前身星不到7×10^(14)cm的位置形成致密的星周物质壳层.考虑到如此高的质量损失率和相对较大的风速,以及20年前的前身星图像,SN2023ixf可能是刚从红超巨星演化而来的黄巨超巨星产生的超新星爆炸.
