Boson sampling is a computational problem that has recently been proposed as a candidate to obtain an unequivocal quantum computational advantage.The problem consists in sampling from the output distribution of indist...Boson sampling is a computational problem that has recently been proposed as a candidate to obtain an unequivocal quantum computational advantage.The problem consists in sampling from the output distribution of indistinguishable bosons in a linear interferometer.There is strong evidence that such an experiment is hard to classically simulate,but it is naturally solved by dedicated photonic quantum hardware,comprising single photons,linear evolution,and photodetection.This prospect has stimulated much effort resulting in the experimental implementation of progressively larger devices.We review recent advances in photonic boson sampling,describing both the technological improvements achieved and the future challenges.We also discuss recent proposals and implementations of variants of the original problem,theoretical issues occurring when imperfections are considered,and advances in the development of suitable techniques for validation of boson sampling experiments.We conclude by discussing the future application of photonic boson sampling devices beyond the original theoretical scope.展开更多
Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity.Moreover, it i...Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity.Moreover, it is necessary in practical applications such as linear optical quantum computation and simulation, in particular for Boson Sampling devices.It is thus crucial to develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple sources.Our approach employs the total variation distance to find those transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating the behaviors of distinguishable and indistinguishable photons.In particular, we show that so-called Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for this task.By using Bayesian tests and inference, we numerically show that Sylvester transformations largely outperform most Haar-random unitaries in terms of sample size required.Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation using an efficient 3 D integrated circuits in the single-and multiple-source cases.We then discuss the extension of this approach to a larger number of photons and modes.These results open the way to the application of Sylvester interferometers for optimal assessment of multiphoton interference experiments.展开更多
基金The authors declare no conflicts of interest.This work was supported by the European Research Council Advanced Grant CAPABLE(Composite integrated photonic platform by femtosecond laser micromachining,Grant Agreement No.742745)the QuantERA ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies 2017 project HiPhoP(High-Dimensional Quantum Photonic Platform,Project ID 731473)the European H2020-FETPROACT-2014 Grant QUCHIP(Quantum Simulation on a Photonic Chip,Grant Agreement No.641039).This work was also supported by CNPq project INCT de Informação Quântica.
文摘Boson sampling is a computational problem that has recently been proposed as a candidate to obtain an unequivocal quantum computational advantage.The problem consists in sampling from the output distribution of indistinguishable bosons in a linear interferometer.There is strong evidence that such an experiment is hard to classically simulate,but it is naturally solved by dedicated photonic quantum hardware,comprising single photons,linear evolution,and photodetection.This prospect has stimulated much effort resulting in the experimental implementation of progressively larger devices.We review recent advances in photonic boson sampling,describing both the technological improvements achieved and the future challenges.We also discuss recent proposals and implementations of variants of the original problem,theoretical issues occurring when imperfections are considered,and advances in the development of suitable techniques for validation of boson sampling experiments.We conclude by discussing the future application of photonic boson sampling devices beyond the original theoretical scope.
基金supported by ERC-Starting Grant 3D-QUEST (3DQuantum Integrated Optical Simulation Grant agreement No.307783)+3 种基金H2020-FETPROACT-2014 Grant QUCHIP (Quantum Simulation on a Photonic Chip Grant agreement No.641039)Brazilian National Institute for Science and Technology of Quantum Information (INCT-IQ/CNPq)in part by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
文摘Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity.Moreover, it is necessary in practical applications such as linear optical quantum computation and simulation, in particular for Boson Sampling devices.It is thus crucial to develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple sources.Our approach employs the total variation distance to find those transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating the behaviors of distinguishable and indistinguishable photons.In particular, we show that so-called Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for this task.By using Bayesian tests and inference, we numerically show that Sylvester transformations largely outperform most Haar-random unitaries in terms of sample size required.Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation using an efficient 3 D integrated circuits in the single-and multiple-source cases.We then discuss the extension of this approach to a larger number of photons and modes.These results open the way to the application of Sylvester interferometers for optimal assessment of multiphoton interference experiments.
