Multinational survey on the preferred approach to management of Barrett’s esophagus in the Asia-Pacific region

BACKGROUND Major societies provide differing guidance on management of Barrett’s esophagus(BE),making standardization challenging.AIM To evaluate the preferred diagnosis and management practices of BE among Asian endoscopists.METHODS Endoscopists from across Asia were invited to participate in an online questionnaire comprising eleven questions regarding diagnosis,surveillance and management of BE.RESULTS Five hundred sixty-nine of 1016(56.0%)respondents completed the survey,with most respondents from Japan(n=310,54.5%)and China(n=129,22.7%).Overall,the preferred endoscopic landmark of the esophagogastric junction was squamocolumnar junction(42.0%).Distal palisade vessels was preferred in Japan(59.0%vs 10.0%,P<0.001)while outside Japan,squamo-columnar junction was preferred(59.5%vs 27.4%,P<0.001).Only 16.3%of respondents used Prague C and M criteria all the time.It was never used by 46.1%of Japanese,whereas 84.2%outside Japan,endoscopists used it to varying extents(P<0.001).Most Asian endoscopists(70.8%)would survey long-segment BE without dysplasia every two years.Adherence to Seattle protocol was poor with only 6.3%always performing it.73.2%of Japanese never did it,compared to 19.3%outside Japan(P<0.001).The most preferred(74.0%)treatment of non-dysplastic BE was proton pump inhibitor only when the patient was symptomatic or had esophagitis.For BE with low-grade dysplasia,6-monthly surveillance was preferred in 61.9%within Japan vs 47.9%outside Japan(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Diagnosis and management of BE varied within Asia,with stark contrast between Japan and outside Japan.Most Asian endoscopists chose squamo-columnar junction to be the landmark for esophagogastric junction,which is incorrect.Most also did not consistently use Prague criteria,and Seattle protocol.Lack of standardization,education and research are possible reasons.

Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate matter and chemical composition during a growing season at an agricultural site in northeastern China

This study presents the observations of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at an agricultural site from April to October 2012 in Dehui city,China.Ambient air was sampled by filter-based samplers and online PM monitors.The filter samples were analyzed to determine the abundance of ionic/inorganic elements,organic carbon（OC） and elemental carbon（EC）.The daily PM10 concentrations varied significantly over the monitoring period,with an average of168 ± 63（in the range of 52-277） μg/m^3 during the land preparation/planting period（26 April-15 June）,85 ± 65（36-228） μg/m^3 during the growing season（16 June-25 September）,and 207 ±88（103-310） μg/m^3 during the harvest period（26 September-31 October）.PM2.5 accounted for44%,56%and 66%of atmospheric PM10 during these periods,respectively.The PM10 diurnal variation showed a distinct peak from 16：00 to 21：00（LST） during the growing and harvesting seasons,while a gradual increase throughout the daytime until 17：00 was observed during tilling season.Mineral dust elements（Al,Ca,Fe,and Mg） dominated the PM10 chemical composition during the tilling season;OC,NO3^-,SO4^（2-） and NH4~＋ during the growing season;and carbonaceous species（i.e.,OC and EC） during the harvesting season.Our results indicate that the soil particles emitted by farm tillage and organic matter released from straw burning are the two most significant sources of PM10 emissions contributing to the recurring high pollution events in this region.Therefore,development of agricultural PM inventories from soil tillage and straw burning is prioritized to support air quality modeling.

Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun,China:Implications for local atmospheric environment management

Using a bottom-up estimation method,a comprehensive,high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration(HCA).The annual emissions for CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),NH_(3),VOC S,PM_(2.5),PM 10,BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg,0.70 Tg,0.34 Tg,0.75 Tg,0.81 Tg,0.67 Tg,1.59 Tg,0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg,respectively.For PM 10 and SO_(2),the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7%and 49.5%,respectively,of the total emissions,while 95.3%and 44.5%of the total NH_(3)and NO x emissions,respectively,were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation.Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions(except NH_(3))occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities.Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_(2.5)in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring,while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO_(2)and PM_(2.5)emissions during autumn and winter.Furthermore,based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model,air temperature,relative humidity,electricity and energy consumption,and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA.Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.

荷花婚礼工作室

荷花工作室是台北当地的连锁婚礼工作室。新婚夫妇希望找到一家满足他们品位和预算的工作室．这些工作室提供所有礼服，化妆，发型设计和摄影。这在台湾是一个竞争激烈的行业。