Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Despite initial responses, almost all patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Over the past decade, increased underst...Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Despite initial responses, almost all patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Over the past decade, increased understanding of the mechanisms that drive resistance to castration has led to the development of next-generation androgen receptor targeting agents such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Moreover in the last few years, results from large Phase III trials led to the approval of an α-emitter (radium-223), the bone resorption-targeting drug denosumab and an immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T) that showed improvements in terms of overall survival. In the field of metastatic CRPC, other novel therapeutics have recently been proven to extend survival via distinct mechanisms of action such as the new and more potent classes of androgen inhibitors, ortonel, ARN-509 and galeterone, the endothelin A receptor antagonist zibotentan, the Src inhibitor dasatinib, the c-MET inhibitor cabozantinib and the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab. This review aims to revisit the evolution of androgen receptor targeting therapeutics and to discuss other important alternative biologic pathways that have given rise to new agents in metastatic prostate cancer.展开更多
Soft tissue sarcoma are rare tumors arising mostly from embryonic mesoderm, that can affect almost any part of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract. The prognosis associated with soft tissue sarcoma is...Soft tissue sarcoma are rare tumors arising mostly from embryonic mesoderm, that can affect almost any part of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract. The prognosis associated with soft tissue sarcoma is still poor, mainly because of the low efficacy of traditional approaches based on surgery and chemotherapy. As a result of genetic and molecular analysis, several new target therapies have been developed, leading to a significant improvement in the survival of patients affected by advanced disease. In this review we aim to explore the therapeutic potential and benefit of target therapy in the management of gastrointestinal soft tissue sarcoma and the possible complications or pitfalls of such an approach.展开更多
文摘Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Despite initial responses, almost all patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Over the past decade, increased understanding of the mechanisms that drive resistance to castration has led to the development of next-generation androgen receptor targeting agents such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Moreover in the last few years, results from large Phase III trials led to the approval of an α-emitter (radium-223), the bone resorption-targeting drug denosumab and an immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T) that showed improvements in terms of overall survival. In the field of metastatic CRPC, other novel therapeutics have recently been proven to extend survival via distinct mechanisms of action such as the new and more potent classes of androgen inhibitors, ortonel, ARN-509 and galeterone, the endothelin A receptor antagonist zibotentan, the Src inhibitor dasatinib, the c-MET inhibitor cabozantinib and the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab. This review aims to revisit the evolution of androgen receptor targeting therapeutics and to discuss other important alternative biologic pathways that have given rise to new agents in metastatic prostate cancer.
文摘Soft tissue sarcoma are rare tumors arising mostly from embryonic mesoderm, that can affect almost any part of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract. The prognosis associated with soft tissue sarcoma is still poor, mainly because of the low efficacy of traditional approaches based on surgery and chemotherapy. As a result of genetic and molecular analysis, several new target therapies have been developed, leading to a significant improvement in the survival of patients affected by advanced disease. In this review we aim to explore the therapeutic potential and benefit of target therapy in the management of gastrointestinal soft tissue sarcoma and the possible complications or pitfalls of such an approach.
