Added Value of Quantitative Apparent Diffusion Coefficients for Identifying Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Benign Nodule Categorized as LI-RADS 3 and 4 in Cirrhosis

Background and Aims:Correct identification of small hepa-tocellular carcinomas(HCCs)and benign nodules in cirrhosis remains challenging,quantitative apparent diffusion coeffi-cients(ADCs)have shown potential value in characterization of benign and malignant liver lesions.We aimed to explore the added value of ADCs in the identification of small(≤3 cm)HCCs and benign nodules categorized as Liver Imag-ing Reporting and Data System(LI-RADS)3(LR-3)and 4(LR-4)in cirrhosis.Methods:Ninety-seven cirrhosis patients with 109 small nodules(70 HCCs,39 benign nodules)of LR-3 and 4 LR-4 based on major and ancillary magnetic resonance imaging features were included.Multiparametric quantitative ADCs of the lesions,including the mean ADC(ADCmean),min-imum ADC(ADCmin),maximal ADC(ADCmax),ADC standard deviation(ADCstd),and mean ADC value ratio of lesion-to-liv-er parenchyma(ADCratio)were calculated.Regarding the joint diagnosis,a nomogram model was plotted using multivariate logistic regression analysis.The performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Results:The ADCmean,ADCmin,ADCratio,and ADCstd were significantly associated with the identification of small HCC and benign nodules(p<0.001).For the joint diagnosis,the LI-RADS category(odds ratio[OR]=12.50),ADCmin(OR=0.14),and ADCratio(OR=0.12)were identified as independent factors for distinguishing HCCs from benign nodules.The joint nomogram model showed good calibration and discrimination,with a C-index of 0.947.Compared with the LI-RADS category alone,this nomogram model demon-strated a significant improvement in diagnostic performance,with AUC increasing from 0.820 to 0.967(p=0.001).Con-clusions:The addition of quantitative ADCs could improve the identification of small HCC and benign nodules catego-rized as LR-3 and 4 LR-4 in patients with cirrhosis.

利用Cu_(3)N改性铜箔集流体提高锂金属负极的循环稳定性

在二次电池的所有固态负极中,锂金属负极因其极高的理论比容量和极低的还原电位对促进二次电池的进一步发展具有很大的潜力.然而,锂负极在不断脱锂/嵌锂的过程中因锂枝晶的生长导致低库伦效率并存在安全隐患,严重阻碍了锂金属负极的实际应用.该研究通过化学方法在商业化的铜箔集流体表面原位修饰Cu_(3)N纳米线得到复合微结构型集流体(Cu_(3)N NWs/Cu).引入的Cu_(3)N纳米线具有三维结构,不仅可以增大集流体的比表面积、降低集流体表面的电流密度,还可以容纳锂负极在沉积/脱嵌过程中发生的体积变化.此外,在首次锂沉积的过程中,Cu_(3)N与锂金属反应生成Li_(3)N(3Li+Cu_(3)N→Li_(3)N+3Cu),可以促进稳定的富含Li_(3)N的固态电解质膜(SEI)形成.富含Li_(3)N的SEI既能增强锂离子的传输,又能给锂的沉积提供充足的形核位点,促进锂金属的均匀沉积,从而抑制了锂枝晶的生长.在锂沉积/剥离循环过程中,这种经过Cu_(3)N纳米线修饰的铜箔集流体在电流密度为1 mA cm^(-2),锂沉积量为1 mA h cm^(-2)的条件下可以稳定循环270圈,平均库伦效率为98.6%.将沉积锂金属后的Cu_(3)N NWs/Cu-Li复合负极与LiFePO_(4)正极(正极活性物质载量:10 mg cm^(-2);N/P=2.35)组装成全电池,该全电池能稳定循环430圈.研究表明经Cu_(3)N纳米线修饰的铜箔集流体在提高锂金属负极的循环稳定性方面具有良好的应用前景.