Influences of Cloud Computing on E-Commerce Businesses and Industry

Cloud computing has been one of the most popular topics on information technology, since it was proposed by Google in 2007. In the past years, cloud computing has become from a theoretical concept into the real applications in different industries such as telecommunication and healthcare. Inevitably, its influences on different industries have also attracted much attention. Based on the literature review, this paper discussed how the traditional E-commerce businesses and industry were influenced by cloud computing in technical architecture, service modes and the industrial chain. Besides, it analyzed the driving-forces which led to the changes of E-commerce in cloud era. Finally, it concluded that only when the E-commerce enterprises involved cloud computing in the business strategy and established the core competencies, could they realize the sustainable development in the cloud era.

Two potentially specific but relevant patterns of proteomic change Response of SH-SY5Y cells to differentiation with retinoic acid followed by phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, and susceptibility of differentiated cells to dopamine

Dopamine （DA） exposure at a dose of 100 pmol/L for 24 hours causes oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells with induction of neuronal differentiation by retinoic acid （RA,10 pmol/L,72 hours） followed by phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate （TPA,80 nmol/L,72 hours）. However,it remains unclear whether the alteration of phenotype observed in response to oxidative stress is associated with protein regulation in this cellular model for Parkinson＇s disease. The present study detected protein regulation affected by oxidative stress at a proteomic level：selection of differentially altered proteins using two dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis and identification of these proteins using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated significant alterations in expression of six proteins in SH-SY5Y cells following the differentiation and fourteen proteins in the differentiated cells following the exposure,exemplified by an increase of tubulin alpha1 in the former but a decrease of tubulin alpha-ubiquitous chain in the latter. These results suggest that two potentially specific but relevant patterns of proteomic change may be produced in SH-SY5Y cells with the induction of differentiation by RA followed by TPA,and in the differentiated cells after DA exposure.

Synthetic protease inhibitor-induced inclusions in PC12 cells Potential proteomic characterization of six subunits in the 26S proteasome

Proteasome dysfunction during dopaminergic degeneration induces proteolytic stress, and is a contributing factor for the onset and formation of Lewy bodies. Results from our previous studies showed that synthetic proteasome inhibitor-induced inclusions in PC12 cells contained six subunits in the 26S proteasome. In the present study, mass spectrometry analysis of single protein spots resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by bioinformatic analysis of peptide mass fingerprint （PMF） data were performed to comprehensively characterize the proteomic profile of the proteasome subunits. Results showed that six subunits in the 26S proteasome were characterized through accurate assignment by PMF data-specific protein identification in protein databases. Additionally, identification of one of the proteasome subunits was further confirmed using a subunit-specific antibody against non-adenosine triphosphatase subunit 11 of the 19S regulatory particle. Results suggest that the potential proteomic profile of six subunits in the 26S proteasome could be established from proteasome inhibitor-induced inclusions in PC12 cells.

Teaching Chinese to Ethnic Minority Students in Hong Kong:A Systematic Review

This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR.Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria,the study selected 38 empirical studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals.We find that there has been a surge of publications in Hong Kong in the past decade(2010–2020),and they are mostly authored by scholars from three universities in Hong Kong.Most of the research took a phenomenological approach,using interviews as the main data collection method and focusing on underprivileged South Asian students in secondary schools.The thematic analysis showed that Hong Kong’s CSL adopted a poststructuralist paradigm for understanding and revealing social inequalities surrounding Chinese language education for ethnic minority students.The study concludes that Hong Kong must decolonise its education system to genuinely support ethnic minority students to achieve educational equality and social justice.

Motivating Students to Talk: TED Conference in University-Based Chinese Language Classrooms

This paper presents an innovative teaching method that uses TED conference to stimulate and support learners of Chinese in improving their speaking skills. In non-target language countries, students are often reluctant to use Chinese in real life. This study overviews a case where TED conferences were integrated into a university-based Chinese language course in New Zealand. It also discusses the major findings emerging from implementing this innovative pedagogy as well as the recommendations for future research. While motivating students to use Chinese in public setting, the approach has also enhanced critical thinking skills and co-learning in language classrooms. This paper ends by providing food for thought on designing engaging pedagogy in building and sustaining a knowledge-sharing culture in advanced Chinese courses in universities.

A Review of Traffic Conflict Avoidance Methods at Intersection Using Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperation System

Road intersections are important nodes for the convergence,turning,and diversion of traffic flows in the urban road network,but at the same time,due to the large traffic volume and conflict points at the intersection,it has become a traffic congestion and accident-prone area,which seriously affects road traffic safety and vehicle traffic efficiency.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the collaborative control strategy of urban intersections.This paper analyzes and summarizes the methods of intersection cooperative control based on intelligent connected vehicles in recent years,and looks forward to the future development trend and prospects of the combination of intersection cooperative control and Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperation System.

The effect of lengths of branched-chain fatty alcohols on the efficacy and safety of docetaxel-prodrug nanoassemblies

The self-assembly prodrugs are usually consisted of drug modules,activation modules,and assembly modules.Keeping the balance between efficacy and safety by selecting suitable modules remains a challenge for developing prodrug nanoassemblies.This study designed four docetaxel(DTX)prodrugs using disulfide bonds as activation modules and different lengths of branched-chain fatty alcohols as assembly modules(C_(16),C_(18),C_(20),and C_(24)).The lengths of the assembly modules determined the self-assembly ability of prodrugs and affected the activation modules’sensitivity.The extension of the carbon chains improved the prodrugs’self-assembly ability and pharmacokinetic behavior while reducing the cytotoxicity and increased cumulative toxicity.The use of C_(20) can balance efficacy and safety.These results provide a great reference for the rational design of prodrug nanoassemblies.

Balancing efficacy and safety of doxorubicin-loaded albumin nanoparticles utilizing pH-sensitive doxorubicin-fatty acid prodrugs

Albumin nanoparticles(ANPs)offer unique advantages for antitumor drug delivery system,including non-immunogenicity and inherent tumor-targeting capacity.At present,only a few products,such as ABRAXANE®and FYARRO™,have been approved for clinical applications.The poor affinity of doxorubicin(DOX)for albumin,coupled with its numerous severe adverse reactions,poses challenges in the fabrication of desirable albumin nanoparticles loaded with DOX.In this study,we developed prodrugs by conjugating fatty acids of varying lengths with DOX.Our aim was to investigate the balance between efficacy and safety through the selection of appropriate modules.We synthesized five pH-sensitive doxorubicin-fatty acid prodrugs.Compared to free DOX,all DOX prodrug ANPs exhibited a uniform size distribution with desirable sizes of 150 nm.Additionally,DOX prodrugs with hydrazone bonds remained intact in blood circulation while releasing DOX within tumor cells.Significantly,the characteristics of prodrug ANPs were considerably influenced by the length of fatty acids,impacting their in vivo pharmacokinetics,antitumor effectiveness and tumor accumulation.This research offers a detailed understanding of the length of fatty acid influence on DOX-fatty acid prodrug-based ANPs,and it builds a good platform for creating ANPs which prioritize high drug loading,high efficiency,and minimal side effects.

Erratum to:Balancing efficacy and safety of doxorubicin-loaded albumin nanoparticles utilizing pH-sensitive doxorubicin-fatty acid prodrugs

The Hoechst and DOX tunnel images of the DOX-C_(22) ANPs group at 4 h in Fig.4(a)were mistakenly used with the neighboring images of DOX-C_(26) ANPs group.The images were corrected as follows to be correspondence with the accurate merged image.

DNA damage repair promotion in colonic epithelial cells by andrographolide downregulated cGAS-STING pathway activation and contributed to the relief of CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis

Gastrointestinal mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects of the chemotherapeutic agent irinotecan(CPT-11). Andrographolide, a natural bicyclic diterpenoid lactone, has been reported to possess anti-colitis activity. In this study, andrographolide treatment was found to significantly relieve CPT-11-induced colitis in tumor-bearing mice without decreasing the tumor suppression effect of CPT-11. CPT-11 causes DNA damage and the release of double-stranded DNA(ds DNA) from the intestine, leading to cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)-mediated colitis, which was significantly decreased by andrographolide both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that andrographolide could promote homologous recombination(HR) repair and downregulate ds DNA-c GAS-STING signaling and contribute to the improvement of CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. These results suggest that andrographolide may be a novel agent to relieve gastrointestinal mucositis caused by CPT-11.

Minor change in the length of carbon chain has a great influence on the antitumor effect of paclitaxel-fatty alcohol prodrug nanoassemblies:Small roles,big impacts

Prodrug-based nanoassembly emerges as a hopeful way for the efficient delivery of antitumor drugs,with carrier-free structure and ultra-high drug loading.Carbon chains are widely used to design self-assembling prodrugs.The impacts of the length of carbon chains on the self-assembly stability,drug delivery efficiency and antitumor effect of prodrugs have not been fully elucidated.Here,three paclitaxel prodrugs were synthesized by conjugating paclitaxel with octanol(C_(8)),decanol(C_(10))or dodecanol(C_(12))through disulfide bond.The three prodrugs could form homogeneous nanoparticles,with over 50%drug loading and redox dual-responsivity.Interestingly,the length extension of carbon chains ameliorates the self-assembly and the colloidal stability of prodrugs,thus improving the drug delivery efficiency.The optimal paclitaxel-dodecanol prodrug nanoassemblies exhibit better antitumor efficacy than Taxol and Abraxane.These findings are meaningful for the rational design of advanced nanomedicines in cancer therapy.

Effects of calcination temperature and Li^+ ions doping on structure and upconversion luminescence properties of TiO_2:Ho^(3+)-Yb^(3+) nanocrystals

Ho^(3+)-Yb^(3+) co-doped and Ho^(3+)-Yb^(3+)-Li^+ tri-doped TiO_2 nanocrystals were prepared using the sol-gel method. Effects of the calcination temperature and Li^+ ions doping on the structure and upconversion luminescence properties of Ho^(3+)-Yb^(3+) co-doped TiO_2 nanocrystals were investigated. The upconversion luminescence of nanocrystals was enhanced with the reduction of the crystal lattice symmetry and the crystallinity improvement of the matrix, which were facilitated by the calcination temperature change and Li^+ ions doping. The lowest lattice symmetry and the best crystallinity of the matrix resulted in the maximum luminescence intensity.

Maternal butyrate supplementation affects the lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition in the skeletal muscle of offspring piglets

Maternal sodium butyrate(SB)intake has important effects on offspring growth and development.This study aimed to investigate the impacts of maternal SB supplementation during gestation and lactation on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in the offspring skeletal muscle of pigs.Twenty sows(Yorkshire,parity 2 to 3)were assigned to the control group(diets without SB,n=10)and SB group(diets with 0.1%SB,n=10).The results showed maternal SB supplementation throughout gestation and lactation increased(P<0.05)body weight of offspring piglets at weaning.The concentrations of triglyceride in plasma and milk were enhanced(P<0.05).Maternal SB induced(P<0.05)lipid accumulation with increased expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγ(PPARγ)by enrichment of the acetylation of H3 acetylation K27(H3 K27)in offspring skeletal muscle.Meanwhile,the concentrations of C18:2 n-6,C18:3 n-3,total polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA decreased(P<0.05)in skeletal muscle of weaning piglets derived from SB sows.Together,these results showed that maternal SB supplementation could influence offspring growth performance,lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition of the skeletal muscle.