A two-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of water flow on the piers of a bridge for different incidence angles.In particular,a finite volume method is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes...A two-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of water flow on the piers of a bridge for different incidence angles.In particular,a finite volume method is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes control equations and calculate the circumferential pressure coefficient distribution on the bridge piers’surface.The results show that the deflection of the flow is non-monotonic.It first increases and then decreases with an increase in the skew angle.展开更多
To fulfill the long-held dream of human beings to stay health and extend life,regenerative medicine has merged as the future medical direction.Generally,the regenerative medicine aims to repairing or replacing the dys...To fulfill the long-held dream of human beings to stay health and extend life,regenerative medicine has merged as the future medical direction.Generally,the regenerative medicine aims to repairing or replacing the dysfunctional organs caused by diseases or aging[1].The phenomenon of regeneration is widespread among natural species[2].Many animals are born with the ability to repair severely defected tissues or regenerate partially damaged organs.For example,geckoes can grow back their severed tails without leaving any scars;earthworms are able to regenerate new bodies on the cut surface after being chopped.展开更多
Management of infected wounds has raised worldwide concerns.Attempts in this field focus on the development of intelligent patches for improving the wound healing.Here,inspired by the cocktail treatment and combinatio...Management of infected wounds has raised worldwide concerns.Attempts in this field focus on the development of intelligent patches for improving the wound healing.Here,inspired by the cocktail treatment and combinational therapy stratagem,we present a novel Janus piezoelectric hydrogel patch via 3-dimensional printing for sonodynamic bacteria elimination and wound healing.The top layer of the printed patch was poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate hydrogel with gold-nanoparticle-decorated tetragonal barium titanate encapsulation,which realizes the ultrasound-triggered release of reactive oxygen species without leaking nanomaterials.The bottom layer is fabricated with methacrylate gelatin and carries growth factors for the cell proliferation and tissue reconstruction.Based on these features,we have demonstrated invivo that the Janus piezoelectric hydrogel patch can exert substantial infection elimination activity under the excitation of ultrasound,and its sustained release of growth factors can promote tissue regeneration during wound management.These results indicated that the proposed Janus piezoelectric hydrogel patch had practical significance in sonodynamic infection alleviation and programmable wound healing for treating different clinical diseases.展开更多
Ultrasound(US)is a kind of acoustic wave with frequency higher than 20 kHz.Learning from the echo detection ability of bats and dolphins,scientists applied US for clinical imaging by sending out US waves and detecting...Ultrasound(US)is a kind of acoustic wave with frequency higher than 20 kHz.Learning from the echo detection ability of bats and dolphins,scientists applied US for clinical imaging by sending out US waves and detecting echoes with shifted intensities and frequencies from human tissue.US has long played a critical role in noninvasive,real-time,low-cost and portable diagnostic imaging.With the in-depth study of US in multidisciplinary fields,US and US-responsive materials have shown practical value in not only disease diagnosis,but also disease treatment.In this review,we introduce the recently proposed and representative US-responsive materials for biomedical applications,including diagnostic and therapeutic applications.We focused on US-mediated physicochemical therapies,such as sonodynamic therapy,high-intensity focused US ablation,sonothermal therapy,thrombolysis,etc,and US-controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics,gases,genes,proteins and bacteria.We conclude with the current challenges facing the clinical translation of smart US-responsive materials and prospects for the future development of US medicine.展开更多
As an effective combination chemotherapy,FOLFIRINOX regimen(fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan,and oxaliplatin)has shown definite antitumor eficacy for treating pancreatic cancer(PC)nowadays.However,the traditional sy...As an effective combination chemotherapy,FOLFIRINOX regimen(fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan,and oxaliplatin)has shown definite antitumor eficacy for treating pancreatic cancer(PC)nowadays.However,the traditional systematic administration of these chemotherapeutics limits the drug targeting and causes unwanted effects.展开更多
Ultrasound(US)is a biofavorable mechanical wave that has shown practical significance in biomedical fields.Due to the cavitation effect,sonoluminescence,sonoporation,pyrolysis,and other biophysical and chemical effect...Ultrasound(US)is a biofavorable mechanical wave that has shown practical significance in biomedical fields.Due to the cavitation effect,sonoluminescence,sonoporation,pyrolysis,and other biophysical and chemical effects,a wide range of matters have been elucidated to be responsive to the stimulus of US.This review addresses and discusses current developments in US-responsive matters,including US-breakable intermolecular conjugations,US-catalytic sonosensitizers,fluorocarbon compounds,microbubbles,and US-propelled micro-and nanorobots.Meanwhile,the interactions between US and advanced matters create various biochemical products and enhanced mechanical effects,leading to the exploration of potential biomedical applications,from US-facilitated biosensing and diagnostic imaging to US-induced therapeutic applications and clinical translations.Finally,the current challenges are summarized and future perspectives on US-responsive matters in biomedical applications and clinical translations are proposed.展开更多
Liver plays a critical role in drug metabolism and nowadays multi-cellular culture systems aiming at imitating liver-specific morphology and functionality are advancing robustly.Numerous immortalized or stem cell-indu...Liver plays a critical role in drug metabolism and nowadays multi-cellular culture systems aiming at imitating liver-specific morphology and functionality are advancing robustly.Numerous immortalized or stem cell-induced hepatic cell lines have been investigated to enhance the hepatic phenotype in establishing co-culture systems.Owing to the robust progresses of microtechnology and bioengineering,two-dimensional(2D)co-cultures such as sandwich culture and micropatterned co-culture systems have emerged.Controllably arranging the hepatocytes and fibroblasts allows bio-mimic homotypic and heterotypic interactions,and the miniaturized co-culture platform realizes high-throughput and sensitive drug screening.Yet,to address the rapid dedifferentiation and the decreased maintenance of hepatic functions existing in 2D cellular systems,various three-dimensional(3D)and dynamic hepatocyte co-culturing formats have been established to obtain more physiologically relevant liver microsystems and prolonged hepatic functionalities,such as spheroid barcodes,liver organoids,bioengineered hepatic spheroids,and microfluidic perfused liver-on-a-chip.In this review,we first introduce the typical structural color spheroid barcodes which facilitate multiple screening and testing.Then we sketch various advances in liver-imitating cellular co-culture protocols through representative examples.Meanwhile,we summarize current difficulties and propose the prospects of bioengineered liver-on-barcode systems for reliable and high-throughput drug screening.展开更多
Jingyao Sun is the pioneer and founder of Chinese comparative literature,and he made an indelible contribution to the development of Chinese comparative literature.Professor Sun was born in Shanghai in 1943.He graduat...Jingyao Sun is the pioneer and founder of Chinese comparative literature,and he made an indelible contribution to the development of Chinese comparative literature.Professor Sun was born in Shanghai in 1943.He graduated from Fudan University展开更多
The regenerative function of liver can be destroyed by viral infection,drug poisoning and tumorigenesis,resulting in irreversible damage.Numerous approaches in promoting liver repair intend to replace liver transplant...The regenerative function of liver can be destroyed by viral infection,drug poisoning and tumorigenesis,resulting in irreversible damage.Numerous approaches in promoting liver repair intend to replace liver transplantation,which is faced with a shortage of donors.Owing to the significant advantages in cell programming and bioscaf-fold engineering,liver tissue engineering is considered to be the most promising alternative for mimicking liver microstructure,maintaining hepatic function or implanting whole liver.Cell sources gradually develop from pri-mary hepatocytes,tumor cells,stem cell-induced cells to multiple cell coculture formats,spheroids and organoids,which have realized the improvement of cell function,overcome the problem of large-scale cell expansion and avoid the risk of immune rejection.Scaffolds,biocompatible materials are applied as cell carriers,and decel-lularized scaffolds and three-dimensional bioprinting liver pipeline structures are also used to accelerate cell colonization and proliferation.We enumerate sufficient research concerning liver tissue engineering in this re-view,including single and multiple cell sources,implantable and extracorporeal scaffold materials,and so on,providing critical conclusions and future implications of tissue engineering in liver regenerative applications.展开更多
Liver-tissue engineering has proven valuable in treating liver diseases,but the construction of liver tissues with high fidelity remains challenging.Here,we present a novel three-dimensional(3D)-imprinted cell-sheet s...Liver-tissue engineering has proven valuable in treating liver diseases,but the construction of liver tissues with high fidelity remains challenging.Here,we present a novel three-dimensional(3D)-imprinted cell-sheet strategy for the synchronous construction of biomimetic hepatic microtissues with high accuracy in terms of cell type,density,and distribution.To achieve this,the specific composition of hepatic cells in a normal human liver was determined using a spatial proteogenomics dataset.The data and biomimetic hepatic micro-tissues with hexagonal hollow cross-sections indicate that cell information was successfully generated using a homemade 3D-imprinted device for layer-by-layer imprinting and assembling the hepatic cell sheets.By infiltrating vascular endothelial cells into the hollow section of the assembly,biomimetic hepatic microtissues with vascularized channels for nutrient diffusion and drug perfusion can be obtained.We demonstrate that the resultant vascularized biomimetic hepatic micro-tissues can not only be integrated into a microfluidic drug-screening liver-on-a-chip but also assembled into an enlarged physiological structure to promote liver regeneration.We believe that our 3D-imprinted cell sheets strategy will open new avenues for biomimetic microtissue construction.展开更多
文摘A two-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of water flow on the piers of a bridge for different incidence angles.In particular,a finite volume method is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes control equations and calculate the circumferential pressure coefficient distribution on the bridge piers’surface.The results show that the deflection of the flow is non-monotonic.It first increases and then decreases with an increase in the skew angle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82100664)the Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Project for Distinguished Young Scholars(JQX22003)+2 种基金Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Research Funding Program(2021K116B)funding for Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University(2021-LCYJ-PY-46)the Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology of Hubei Province,China(CXPJJH122002-019)。
文摘To fulfill the long-held dream of human beings to stay health and extend life,regenerative medicine has merged as the future medical direction.Generally,the regenerative medicine aims to repairing or replacing the dysfunctional organs caused by diseases or aging[1].The phenomenon of regeneration is widespread among natural species[2].Many animals are born with the ability to repair severely defected tissues or regenerate partially damaged organs.For example,geckoes can grow back their severed tails without leaving any scars;earthworms are able to regenerate new bodies on the cut surface after being chopped.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073060 and 81720108022)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘Management of infected wounds has raised worldwide concerns.Attempts in this field focus on the development of intelligent patches for improving the wound healing.Here,inspired by the cocktail treatment and combinational therapy stratagem,we present a novel Janus piezoelectric hydrogel patch via 3-dimensional printing for sonodynamic bacteria elimination and wound healing.The top layer of the printed patch was poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate hydrogel with gold-nanoparticle-decorated tetragonal barium titanate encapsulation,which realizes the ultrasound-triggered release of reactive oxygen species without leaking nanomaterials.The bottom layer is fabricated with methacrylate gelatin and carries growth factors for the cell proliferation and tissue reconstruction.Based on these features,we have demonstrated invivo that the Janus piezoelectric hydrogel patch can exert substantial infection elimination activity under the excitation of ultrasound,and its sustained release of growth factors can promote tissue regeneration during wound management.These results indicated that the proposed Janus piezoelectric hydrogel patch had practical significance in sonodynamic infection alleviation and programmable wound healing for treating different clinical diseases.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2225003,52073060 and 61927805)+2 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(Grant No.ZKX21019)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘Ultrasound(US)is a kind of acoustic wave with frequency higher than 20 kHz.Learning from the echo detection ability of bats and dolphins,scientists applied US for clinical imaging by sending out US waves and detecting echoes with shifted intensities and frequencies from human tissue.US has long played a critical role in noninvasive,real-time,low-cost and portable diagnostic imaging.With the in-depth study of US in multidisciplinary fields,US and US-responsive materials have shown practical value in not only disease diagnosis,but also disease treatment.In this review,we introduce the recently proposed and representative US-responsive materials for biomedical applications,including diagnostic and therapeutic applications.We focused on US-mediated physicochemical therapies,such as sonodynamic therapy,high-intensity focused US ablation,sonothermal therapy,thrombolysis,etc,and US-controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics,gases,genes,proteins and bacteria.We conclude with the current challenges facing the clinical translation of smart US-responsive materials and prospects for the future development of US medicine.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 52073060,61927805)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant number 2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(grant numbers JCYJ20190813152616459,JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘As an effective combination chemotherapy,FOLFIRINOX regimen(fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan,and oxaliplatin)has shown definite antitumor eficacy for treating pancreatic cancer(PC)nowadays.However,the traditional systematic administration of these chemotherapeutics limits the drug targeting and causes unwanted effects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225003,52073060 and 61927805)+2 种基金the NanjingMedical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘Ultrasound(US)is a biofavorable mechanical wave that has shown practical significance in biomedical fields.Due to the cavitation effect,sonoluminescence,sonoporation,pyrolysis,and other biophysical and chemical effects,a wide range of matters have been elucidated to be responsive to the stimulus of US.This review addresses and discusses current developments in US-responsive matters,including US-breakable intermolecular conjugations,US-catalytic sonosensitizers,fluorocarbon compounds,microbubbles,and US-propelled micro-and nanorobots.Meanwhile,the interactions between US and advanced matters create various biochemical products and enhanced mechanical effects,leading to the exploration of potential biomedical applications,from US-facilitated biosensing and diagnostic imaging to US-induced therapeutic applications and clinical translations.Finally,the current challenges are summarized and future perspectives on US-responsive matters in biomedical applications and clinical translations are proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073060,and 61927805).
文摘Liver plays a critical role in drug metabolism and nowadays multi-cellular culture systems aiming at imitating liver-specific morphology and functionality are advancing robustly.Numerous immortalized or stem cell-induced hepatic cell lines have been investigated to enhance the hepatic phenotype in establishing co-culture systems.Owing to the robust progresses of microtechnology and bioengineering,two-dimensional(2D)co-cultures such as sandwich culture and micropatterned co-culture systems have emerged.Controllably arranging the hepatocytes and fibroblasts allows bio-mimic homotypic and heterotypic interactions,and the miniaturized co-culture platform realizes high-throughput and sensitive drug screening.Yet,to address the rapid dedifferentiation and the decreased maintenance of hepatic functions existing in 2D cellular systems,various three-dimensional(3D)and dynamic hepatocyte co-culturing formats have been established to obtain more physiologically relevant liver microsystems and prolonged hepatic functionalities,such as spheroid barcodes,liver organoids,bioengineered hepatic spheroids,and microfluidic perfused liver-on-a-chip.In this review,we first introduce the typical structural color spheroid barcodes which facilitate multiple screening and testing.Then we sketch various advances in liver-imitating cellular co-culture protocols through representative examples.Meanwhile,we summarize current difficulties and propose the prospects of bioengineered liver-on-barcode systems for reliable and high-throughput drug screening.
文摘Jingyao Sun is the pioneer and founder of Chinese comparative literature,and he made an indelible contribution to the development of Chinese comparative literature.Professor Sun was born in Shanghai in 1943.He graduated from Fudan University
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the Strategic Priority Re-search Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA16021103)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82100664)the Shen-zhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038)Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Research Funding Program(2021K116B)Project of Modern Hospital Manage-ment and Development Institute,Nanjing University and Aid project of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Health,Education&Research Foundation(NDYG2020047)fundings for Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University(2021-LCYJ-PY-46).
文摘The regenerative function of liver can be destroyed by viral infection,drug poisoning and tumorigenesis,resulting in irreversible damage.Numerous approaches in promoting liver repair intend to replace liver transplantation,which is faced with a shortage of donors.Owing to the significant advantages in cell programming and bioscaf-fold engineering,liver tissue engineering is considered to be the most promising alternative for mimicking liver microstructure,maintaining hepatic function or implanting whole liver.Cell sources gradually develop from pri-mary hepatocytes,tumor cells,stem cell-induced cells to multiple cell coculture formats,spheroids and organoids,which have realized the improvement of cell function,overcome the problem of large-scale cell expansion and avoid the risk of immune rejection.Scaffolds,biocompatible materials are applied as cell carriers,and decel-lularized scaffolds and three-dimensional bioprinting liver pipeline structures are also used to accelerate cell colonization and proliferation.We enumerate sufficient research concerning liver tissue engineering in this re-view,including single and multiple cell sources,implantable and extracorporeal scaffold materials,and so on,providing critical conclusions and future implications of tissue engineering in liver regenerative applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225003,and 82100664)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1105300)+4 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Special Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars(BK20230051)the Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Project for Distinguished Young Scholars(JQX22003)the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(2022-LCYJ-ZD-01,and 2021-LCYJ-PY-46)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054).
文摘Liver-tissue engineering has proven valuable in treating liver diseases,but the construction of liver tissues with high fidelity remains challenging.Here,we present a novel three-dimensional(3D)-imprinted cell-sheet strategy for the synchronous construction of biomimetic hepatic microtissues with high accuracy in terms of cell type,density,and distribution.To achieve this,the specific composition of hepatic cells in a normal human liver was determined using a spatial proteogenomics dataset.The data and biomimetic hepatic micro-tissues with hexagonal hollow cross-sections indicate that cell information was successfully generated using a homemade 3D-imprinted device for layer-by-layer imprinting and assembling the hepatic cell sheets.By infiltrating vascular endothelial cells into the hollow section of the assembly,biomimetic hepatic microtissues with vascularized channels for nutrient diffusion and drug perfusion can be obtained.We demonstrate that the resultant vascularized biomimetic hepatic micro-tissues can not only be integrated into a microfluidic drug-screening liver-on-a-chip but also assembled into an enlarged physiological structure to promote liver regeneration.We believe that our 3D-imprinted cell sheets strategy will open new avenues for biomimetic microtissue construction.