Background: Serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test is the most used noninvasive method to detect cryptococcal infection. However, false-negative CrAg test is not uncommon in clinical practice. Then, the aim of this...Background: Serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test is the most used noninvasive method to detect cryptococcal infection. However, false-negative CrAg test is not uncommon in clinical practice. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with false-negative CrAg test among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and its clinical features. Methods: One hundred and fourteen non-HIV adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, proven by biopsy, were retrospectively reviewed. Finally, 85 patients were enrolled; 56 were CrAg positive (CrAg+ group) and 29 were negative (CrAg- group). It was a cross-sectional study. Then, baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and chest radiological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variable. Odds ratio (OR) was used to measure correlation. Student's t-test was obtained to analyze continuous variable. Results: No difference in baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings were found between two groups (P 〉 0.05 in all). Nevertheless, diffuse extent lesion was 82.1% in CrAg+ group and 10.3% in CrAg- group (χ2 = 40.34, P〈 0.001; OR = 39.87). Conclusions: Among patients with limited pulmonary involvement, a negative serum CrAg does not preclude the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. However, among patients with extensive pulmonary involvement, serum CrAg is a useful diagnostic tool for pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, we also noticed that the untypical and mild presentations with extensive pulmonary lesion might be the features of pulmonary cryptococcosis, which needs further investigation.展开更多
High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy(HFNC)is a novel respiratory support technology and has been extensively applied in clinics in recent years.This therapeutic equipment mainly includes an air-oxygen blender,an act...High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy(HFNC)is a novel respiratory support technology and has been extensively applied in clinics in recent years.This therapeutic equipment mainly includes an air-oxygen blender,an active humidifier,a high-flow nasal cannula,and a connecting inspiratory circuit.It provides patients a humidified high-flow gas(8-80 L/min)with relatively stable oxygen concentration(21-100%),temperature(31-37℃)and performs oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula,which is very comfortable.展开更多
In December 2019,the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)emerged in Wuhan,China and rapidly spread worldwide.Few information on clinical features and immunological profile of COVI...In December 2019,the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)emerged in Wuhan,China and rapidly spread worldwide.Few information on clinical features and immunological profile of COVID-19 in paediatrics.The clinical features and treatment outcomes of twelve paediatric patients confirmed as COVID-19 were analyzed.The immunological features of children patients was investigated and compared with twenty adult patients.The median age was 14.5-years(range from 0.64 to 17),and six of the patients were male.The average incubation period was 8 days.Clinically,cough(9/12,75%)and fever(7/12,58.3%)were the most common symptoms.Four patients(33.3%)had diarrhea during the disease.As to the immune profile,children had higher amount of total T cell,CD8t T cell and B cell but lower CRP levels than adults(P<0.05).Ground-glass opacity(GGO)and local patchy shadowing were the typical radiological findings on chest CT scan.All patients received antiviral and symptomatic treatment and the symptom relieved in 3e4 days after admitted to hospital.The paediatric patients showed mild symptom but with longer incubation period.Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 had different immune profile with higher T cell amount and low inflammatory factors level,which might ascribed to the mild clinical symptom.We advise that nucleic acid test or examination of serum IgM/IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 should be taken for children with exposure history regardless of clinical symptom.展开更多
Alternating current(AC)electrolysis is a promising,yet challenging,and under-developed protocol in organic synthesis.To achieve as high an atomefficiency as possible and avoid the use of external oxidant,electrochemis...Alternating current(AC)electrolysis is a promising,yet challenging,and under-developed protocol in organic synthesis.To achieve as high an atomefficiency as possible and avoid the use of external oxidant,electrochemistry has become a standard organic synthesis tool.Herein,an AC-basedprotocol is a superior option than its counterpart,direct current(DC),especially for those reactions that cannot be accomplished by DC.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the grants from Guangzhou Programs for Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 201707010282), Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou (No. 2017A030310286), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81670071 ), and Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2014A020212627).
文摘Background: Serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test is the most used noninvasive method to detect cryptococcal infection. However, false-negative CrAg test is not uncommon in clinical practice. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with false-negative CrAg test among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and its clinical features. Methods: One hundred and fourteen non-HIV adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, proven by biopsy, were retrospectively reviewed. Finally, 85 patients were enrolled; 56 were CrAg positive (CrAg+ group) and 29 were negative (CrAg- group). It was a cross-sectional study. Then, baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and chest radiological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variable. Odds ratio (OR) was used to measure correlation. Student's t-test was obtained to analyze continuous variable. Results: No difference in baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings were found between two groups (P 〉 0.05 in all). Nevertheless, diffuse extent lesion was 82.1% in CrAg+ group and 10.3% in CrAg- group (χ2 = 40.34, P〈 0.001; OR = 39.87). Conclusions: Among patients with limited pulmonary involvement, a negative serum CrAg does not preclude the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. However, among patients with extensive pulmonary involvement, serum CrAg is a useful diagnostic tool for pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, we also noticed that the untypical and mild presentations with extensive pulmonary lesion might be the features of pulmonary cryptococcosis, which needs further investigation.
基金Funding was provided by the China National Key Research Program(2016YFC1304300,2018ZX09201013)the China National Clinical Center Program for Geriatric Diseases(NCRCG-PLAGH-2017003).
文摘High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy(HFNC)is a novel respiratory support technology and has been extensively applied in clinics in recent years.This therapeutic equipment mainly includes an air-oxygen blender,an active humidifier,a high-flow nasal cannula,and a connecting inspiratory circuit.It provides patients a humidified high-flow gas(8-80 L/min)with relatively stable oxygen concentration(21-100%),temperature(31-37℃)and performs oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula,which is very comfortable.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81871656 and 8181101099 to J C)National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017ZX10202203 to AL H).
文摘In December 2019,the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)emerged in Wuhan,China and rapidly spread worldwide.Few information on clinical features and immunological profile of COVID-19 in paediatrics.The clinical features and treatment outcomes of twelve paediatric patients confirmed as COVID-19 were analyzed.The immunological features of children patients was investigated and compared with twenty adult patients.The median age was 14.5-years(range from 0.64 to 17),and six of the patients were male.The average incubation period was 8 days.Clinically,cough(9/12,75%)and fever(7/12,58.3%)were the most common symptoms.Four patients(33.3%)had diarrhea during the disease.As to the immune profile,children had higher amount of total T cell,CD8t T cell and B cell but lower CRP levels than adults(P<0.05).Ground-glass opacity(GGO)and local patchy shadowing were the typical radiological findings on chest CT scan.All patients received antiviral and symptomatic treatment and the symptom relieved in 3e4 days after admitted to hospital.The paediatric patients showed mild symptom but with longer incubation period.Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 had different immune profile with higher T cell amount and low inflammatory factors level,which might ascribed to the mild clinical symptom.We advise that nucleic acid test or examination of serum IgM/IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 should be taken for children with exposure history regardless of clinical symptom.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.22031008)and the Science Foundation of Wuhan(no.2020010601012192).
文摘Alternating current(AC)electrolysis is a promising,yet challenging,and under-developed protocol in organic synthesis.To achieve as high an atomefficiency as possible and avoid the use of external oxidant,electrochemistry has become a standard organic synthesis tool.Herein,an AC-basedprotocol is a superior option than its counterpart,direct current(DC),especially for those reactions that cannot be accomplished by DC.