TiO_(2)@NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti) composite derived from a partial-etching strategy with enhanced carriers' transfer for the rapid photocatalytic Cr(Ⅵ) reduction

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based composites have been widely applied as photocatalysts because of their synergistic effect between the two individual component.Herein,TiO_(2)@NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposites which possess unsaturated titanium–oxo clusters,mesoporous structure,and intimate interface were successfully constructed via an in-situ distilled water-etched route.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicated strong electronic interaction between TiO_(2)and NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti),confirming the formation of TiO 2@NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite.Photoelectrochemical and thermodynamics measurements showed that TiO_(2)@NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti)nanocomposites have improved charge separation efficient and decreased transfer resistance of the carriers within the heterojunction interfaces,which facilitates the photoexcited electrons transfer and reduction of the Cr(VI) species.Therefore,the optimal TiO_(2)@NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti)nanocomposite demonstrated superior performance compared to NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti) and NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti) derived TiO_(2).Based on the free radical trapping experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements,a possible type-II scheme was proposed for the enhanced photocatalytic activity over the TiO_(2)@NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite.

Auction-based profit maximization offloading in mobile edge computing

Offloading Mobile Devices(MDs)computation tasks to Edge Nodes(ENs)is a promising solution to overcome computation and energy resources limitations of MDs.However,there exists an unreasonable profit allocation problem between MDs and ENs caused by the excessive concern on MD profit.In this paper,we propose an auction-based computation offloading algorithm,inspiring ENs to provide high-quality service by maximizing the profit of ENs.Firstly,a novel cooperation auction framework is designed to avoid overall profit damage of ENs,which is derived from the high computation delay at the overloaded ENs.Thereafter,the bidding willingness of each MD in every round of auction is determined to ensure MD rationality.Furthermore,we put forward a payment rule for the pre-selected winner to effectively guarantee auction truthfulness.Finally,the auction-based profit maximization offloading algorithm is proposed,and the MD is allowed to occupy the computation and spectrum resources of the EN for offloading if it wins the auction.Numerical results verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.Compared with the VA algorithm,the ENs profit is increased by 23.8%,and the task discard ratio is decreased by 7.5%.

Transplantation of neurotrophin-3-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of spinal cord injury

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been shown to be therapeutic in the repair of spinal cord injury. However, the low survival rate of transplanted bone marrow mesen- chymal stem cells in vivo remains a problem. Neurotrophin-3 promotes motor neuron survival and it is hypothesized that its transfection can enhance the therapeutic effect. We show that in vitro transfection of neurotrophin-3 gene increases the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the region of spinal cord injury. These results indicate that neurotrophin-3 can promote the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into the region of spinal cord injury and potentially enhance the therapeutic effect in the repair of spinal cord injury.

Multi-agent reinforcement learning for edge information sharing in vehicular networks

To guarantee the heterogeneous delay requirements of the diverse vehicular services,it is necessary to design a full cooperative policy for both Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I)and Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V)links.This paper investigates the reduction of the delay in edge information sharing for V2V links while satisfying the delay requirements of the V2I links.Specifically,a mean delay minimization problem and a maximum individual delay minimization problem are formulated to improve the global network performance and ensure the fairness of a single user,respectively.A multi-agent reinforcement learning framework is designed to solve these two problems,where a new reward function is proposed to evaluate the utilities of the two optimization objectives in a unified framework.Thereafter,a proximal policy optimization approach is proposed to enable each V2V user to learn its policy using the shared global network reward.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is finally validated by comparing the obtained results with those of the other baseline approaches through extensive simulation experiments.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-5 protects PAJU cells during in vitro ischemia following cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Intercellular adhesion molecule-5 （ICAM-5） relieves the damage of beta-amyloid protein to PAJU cells, However, little is known about how ICAM-5 works as a neurotrophic factor, or whether ICAM-5 lessens neuronal damage under ischemic conditions following cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of ICAM-5 on PAJU cells growth in serum-free medium under ischemic conditions following cerebral infarction. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The cytological in vitro study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, in June 2009. MATERIALS： Human ICAM-5 gene transfected into PAJU-TLN cells was supplied by the Life Science College, Helsinki University, Finland. Empty vector transfected PAJU-NEO cells were established by the Gene Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China. METHODS： PAJU-TLN cells transfected with human ICAM-5 or empty vector were incubated in serum-free medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Phase contrast microscopy was used to observe changes in PAJU cell morphology. 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazolzyl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to determine cell viability. Hoechst 33258 was used to stain cell nuclei. Flow cytometry was utilized to measure the apoptosis rate of both PAJU-TLN and PAJU-NEO cells. RESULTS： Both PAJU-TLN and PAJU-NEO cells were injured by cultivating in serum-free medium, but the survival rate of PAJU-TLN cells was significantly higher. CONCLUSION： ICAM-5 protects PAJU-TLN cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis, induces the outgrowth of PAJU cells, and diminishes their morphologic impairment.

Global-Attention-Based Neural Networks for Vision Language Intelligence

In this paper,we develop a novel global-attentionbased neural network(GANN)for vision language intelligence,specifically,image captioning(language description of a given image).As many previous works,the encoder-decoder framework is adopted in our proposed model,in which the encoder is responsible for encoding the region proposal features and extracting global caption feature based on a specially designed module of predicting the caption objects,and the decoder generates captions by taking the obtained global caption feature along with the encoded visual features as inputs for each attention head of the decoder layer.The global caption feature is introduced for the purpose of exploring the latent contributions of region proposals for image captioning,and further helping the decoder better focus on the most relevant proposals so as to extract more accurate visual feature in each time step of caption generation.Our GANN is implemented by incorporating the global caption feature into the attention weight calculation phase in the word predication process in each head of the decoder layer.In our experiments,we qualitatively analyzed the proposed model,and quantitatively evaluated several state-of-the-art schemes with GANN on the MS-COCO dataset.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed global attention mechanism for image captioning.

UTM:A trajectory privacy evaluating model for online health monitoring

A huge amount of sensitive personal data is being collected by various online health monitoring applications.Although the data is anonymous,the personal trajectories(e.g.,the chronological access records of small cells)could become the anchor of linkage attacks to re-identify the users.Focusing on trajectory privacy in online health monitoring,we propose the User Trajectory Model(UTM),a generic trajectory re-identification risk predicting model to reveal the underlying relationship between trajectory uniqueness and aggregated data(e.g.,number of individuals covered by each small cell),and using the parameter combination of aggregated data to further mathematically derive the statistical characteristics of uniqueness(i.e.,the expectation and the variance).Eventually,exhaustive simulations validate the effectiveness of the UTM in privacy risk evaluation,confirm our theoretical deductions and present counter-intuitive insights.

Telencephalin protects Paju cells from beta-amyloid protein-induced apoptosis

Previous studies have confirmed that telencephalin （TLN） is a neural glycoprotein that protects axonal disruption induced by the beta-amyloid protein （Aβ42/35） in the neural crest-derived tumor cell line Paju. The present study investigated the effects of TLN on neuronal degeneration induced by Aβ42 in the differentiated Paju cell line. Results demonstrated that after cultivating cells in Aβ42 medium, the survival rate of Paju-TLN cells was significantly higher than that of Paju-neo cells, and that apoptotic rate was noticeably reduced. These results indicate that TLN reduces Paju cell apoptosis induced by Aβ42.

Scalable privacy-preserving big data aggregation mechanism

As the massive sensor data generated by large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs） recently become an indispensable part of ＇Big Data＇, the collection, storage, transmission and analysis of the big sensor data attract considerable attention from researchers. Targeting the privacy requirements of large-scale WSNs and focusing on the energy-efficient collection of big sensor data, a Scalable Privacy-preserving Big Data Aggregation （Sca-PBDA） method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the pre-established gradient topology structure, sensor nodes in the network are divided into clusters. Secondly, sensor data is modified by each node according to the privacy-preserving configuration message received from the sink. Subsequently, intra- and inter-cluster data aggregation is employed during the big sensor data reporting phase to reduce energy consumption. Lastly, aggregated results are recovered by the sink to complete the privacy-preserving big data aggregation. Simulation results validate the efficacy and scalability of Sca-PBDA and show that the big sensor data generated by large-scale WSNs is efficiently ag- gregated to reduce network resource consumption and the sensor data privacy is effectively protected to meet the ever-growing application requirements.

Telencephalin protects PAJU cells from amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis by activating the ezrin/radixin/moesin protein family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway

Telencephalin is a neural glycoprotein that reduces apoptosis induced by amyloid beta protein in the human neural tumor cell line PAJU. In this study, we examined the role of the ezrin/radixin/moesin protein family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in this process. Western blot analysis demonstrated that telencephalin, phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B were not expressed in PAJU cells transfected with empty plasmid, while they were expressed in PAJU cells transfected with a telencephalin expression plasmid. After treatment with 1.0 nM amyloid beta protein 42, expression of telencephalin and phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B in the transfected cells gradually diminished, while levels of phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin increased. In addition, the high levels of telencephalin, phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B expression in PAJU cells transfected with a telencephalin expression plasmid could be suppressed by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. These findings indicate that telencephalin activates the ezrin/radixin/moesin family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and protects PAJU cells from amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis.

Clinical and Genetic Investigation of a Multi-generational Chinese Family Afflicted with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease

Background：Von Hippel-Lindau （VHL） disease is a hereditary tumor disorder caused by mutations or deletions of the VHL gene.Few studies have documented the clinical phenotype and genetic basis of the occurrence of VHL disease in China.This study armed to present clinical and genetic analyses of VHL within a five-generation VHL family from Northwestern China,and summarize the VHL mutations and clinical characteristics of Chinese families with VHL according to previous studies.Methods：An epidemiological investigation of family members was done to collect the general information.A retrospective study of clinical VHL cases was launched to collect the relative clinical data.Genetic linkage and haplotype analysis were used to make sure the linkage of VHL to disease in this family.The VHL gene screening was performed by directly analyzing DNA sequence output.At last,we summarized the VHL gene mutation in China by the literature review.Results：A five-generation North-western Chinese family afflicted with VHL disease was traced in this research.The family consisted of 38 living family members,of whom nine were affected.The individuals afflicted with VHL exhibited multi-organ tumors that included pheochromocytomas （8）,central nervous system hemangioblastomas （3）,pancreatic endocrine tumors （2）,pancreatic cysts （3）,renal cysts （4）,and paragangliomas （2）.A linkage analysis resulted in a high maximal LOD score of 8.26 （theta =0.0） for the marker D3S1263,which is in the same chromosome region as VHL.Sequence analysis resulted in the identification of a functional C〉T transition mutation （c.499 C〉T,p.R167W） located in exon 3 of the 16th codon of VHL.All affected individuals shared this mutation,whereas the unaffected family members and an additional 100 unrelated healthy individuals did not.To date,49 mutations have been associated with this disease in Chinese populations.The most frequent VHL mutations in China are p.S65 W,p.N78 S,p.R161Q and p.R167 W.Conclusions：The results supported the notion that the genomic sequence that corresponds to the 167th residue of VHL is a mutational hotspot.Further research is needed to clarify the molecular role of VHL in the development of organ-specific tumors.

Game Theoretical Approach for Non-Overlapping Community Detection

Graph clustering,i.e.,partitioning nodes or data points into non-overlapping clusters,can be beneficial in a large varieties of computer vision and machine learning applications.However,main graph clustering schemes,such as spectral clustering,cannot be applied to a large network due to prohibitive computational complexity required.While there exist methods applicable to large networks,these methods do not offer convincing comparisons against known ground truth.For the first time,this work conducts clustering algorithm performance evaluations on large networks(consisting of one million nodes)with ground truth information.Ideas and concepts from game theory are applied towards graph clustering to formulate a new proposed algorithm,Game Theoretical Approach for Clustering(GTAC).This theoretical framework is shown to be a generalization of both the Label Propagation and Louvain methods,offering an additional means of derivation and analysis.GTAC introduces a tuning parameter which allows variable algorithm performance in accordance with application needs.Experimentation shows that these GTAC algorithms offer scalability and tunability towards big data applications.

Epidemiological study of a von Hippel-Lindau family in northwest China

von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)disease is a rare,inherited neoplastic disease characterized by hemangioblastomas(HBL)of the central nervous system(CNS),retinal angiomas,renal cell carcinomas(RCC),pancreatic endocrine tumors(PETs),pheochromocytomas,paragangliomas,and visceral cysts.We encountered a large VHL family in northwest China and conducted a systematic screening of the family members based on their epidemiological and clinical characteristics.A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general sociodemographic and health information of the family members.For the preliminary family screening,physical examination and abdomen B ultrasonography were performed.The suspected patients were subjected to cranial computerized tomography and fundus examination.The clinical data of the patients with confirmed VHL disease were collected from hospital records.A total of 63 lineal descendants in six generations were observed in the family(generations O,A,B,C,D,E),including 9 dead suspected cases(6 males,3 females)and 10 living cases(2 males,8 females).Among the 10 living cases,4,2,1,3,4,8,and 2 manifested HBLs of the CNS,PETs,RCC,pancreatic cysts,renal cysts,pheochromocytomas(4 hemi and 4 bilateral),and paragangliomas,respectively.Data showed that the morbidity of VHL disease in generation C was lower than that in generation B,but the age of onset was younger.This study is the first to report VHL disease in northwest China and VHL-associated PET cases in Chinese.Therefore,follow-up checkups of the family should be focused on younger generations.Proper family screening protocols should be followed for the treatment of patients with VHL disease.