Objective:To estimate the potential causal impact of Enterovirus A71(EV71)vaccination program on the reduction of EV71-infected hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Zhejiang Province.Methods:We utilized the longitudina...Objective:To estimate the potential causal impact of Enterovirus A71(EV71)vaccination program on the reduction of EV71-infected hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Zhejiang Province.Methods:We utilized the longitudinal surveillance dataset of HFMD and EV71 vaccination in Zhejiang Province during 2010-2019.We estimated vaccine efficacy using a Bayesian structured time series(BSTS)model,and employed a negative control outcome(NCO)model to detect unmeasured confounding and reveal potential causal association.Results:We estimated that 20,132 EV71 cases(95%CI:16,733,23,532)were prevented by vaccination program during 2017-2019,corresponding to a reduction of 29%(95%CI:24%,34%).The effectiveness of vaccination increased annually,with reductions of 11%(95%CI:6%,16%)in 2017 and 66%(95%CI:61%,71%)in 2019.Children under 5 years old obtained greater benefits compared to those over 5 years.Cities with higher vaccination coverage experienced a sharper EV71 reduction compared to those with lower coverage.The NCO model detected no confounding factors in the association between vaccination and EV71 cases reduction.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the association between ambient nitrogen dioxide(NO2)and mortality and morbidity of respiratory diseases,however,research...Summary What is already known about this topic?Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the association between ambient nitrogen dioxide(NO2)and mortality and morbidity of respiratory diseases,however,research on the effect of NO2 on the length of hospital stay(LOS)and hospitalization expenditure is limited.What is added by this report?This study collected the respiratory hospitalization,hospital expenditure,and LOS for respiratory diseases from 2017-2019 in Shanxi,China,and comprehensively evaluated the association between ambient NO2 exposure and respiratory hospitalization,expenditure,and LOS.What are the implications for public health practice?This study provides evidence on the association between ambient NO2 and respiratory burden,suggesting that continuously reducing the NO2 concentrations could prevent respiratory diseaseassociated hospital admissions and decrease the relative burden in Shanxi Province and other similar regions.展开更多
基金supported the grants from National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2305305)by grants from consultancy project (2022-JB-06)by the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation[Grant Number:INV-016826].
文摘Objective:To estimate the potential causal impact of Enterovirus A71(EV71)vaccination program on the reduction of EV71-infected hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Zhejiang Province.Methods:We utilized the longitudinal surveillance dataset of HFMD and EV71 vaccination in Zhejiang Province during 2010-2019.We estimated vaccine efficacy using a Bayesian structured time series(BSTS)model,and employed a negative control outcome(NCO)model to detect unmeasured confounding and reveal potential causal association.Results:We estimated that 20,132 EV71 cases(95%CI:16,733,23,532)were prevented by vaccination program during 2017-2019,corresponding to a reduction of 29%(95%CI:24%,34%).The effectiveness of vaccination increased annually,with reductions of 11%(95%CI:6%,16%)in 2017 and 66%(95%CI:61%,71%)in 2019.Children under 5 years old obtained greater benefits compared to those over 5 years.Cities with higher vaccination coverage experienced a sharper EV71 reduction compared to those with lower coverage.The NCO model detected no confounding factors in the association between vaccination and EV71 cases reduction.
基金Fund Project for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development by the Central Government(No.:YDZX20191400002737).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the association between ambient nitrogen dioxide(NO2)and mortality and morbidity of respiratory diseases,however,research on the effect of NO2 on the length of hospital stay(LOS)and hospitalization expenditure is limited.What is added by this report?This study collected the respiratory hospitalization,hospital expenditure,and LOS for respiratory diseases from 2017-2019 in Shanxi,China,and comprehensively evaluated the association between ambient NO2 exposure and respiratory hospitalization,expenditure,and LOS.What are the implications for public health practice?This study provides evidence on the association between ambient NO2 and respiratory burden,suggesting that continuously reducing the NO2 concentrations could prevent respiratory diseaseassociated hospital admissions and decrease the relative burden in Shanxi Province and other similar regions.
