Lithium ion batteries(LIB)can rupture and result in thermal runaway and battery fires.In the process of transporting lithium ion batteries using trains,the massive collection of batteries can cause train fire and pose...Lithium ion batteries(LIB)can rupture and result in thermal runaway and battery fires.In the process of transporting lithium ion batteries using trains,the massive collection of batteries can cause train fire and pose significant danger to the public.This is especially critical when the fire occurs amid a heavily populated metropolitan environment.This paper reports the 3D analysis of a warehouse with possible train fire due to LIB rupture and the fire propagation at a rail yard.Six critical fire cases with the battery train in close vicinity to the warehouse were considered.The six fire cases are the worst-case scenarios of a Monte Carlo simulation of different fire cases that may occur to an actual steel storage facility at the Capital Railyard,Raleigh,North Carolina.A 3D finite element(FE)frame model was constructed for the steel warehouse and the most critical fire cases were simulated.The results indicated that several structural components of the warehouse would experience large stresses and deflections during the simulated battery fires and resulting in instability to the structure.Specifically,members of the roof frame represent the most critical elements and that the members can result in large deformations as early as 4 minutes after the fire starts.Furthermore,effective utilization of fire protection can delay somewhat the fire effects and extend time to failure to 45 minutes and in one of the simulated cases,prevent structural instability.Thus,fire from LIB waste transport using train is a very realistic problem due to the thermal runaway,and the analysis performed in current study can be used as a preventive investigation technique for buildings that may be exposed to the train fire risk.展开更多
Lithium ion battery fire hazard has been well-documented in a variety of applications.Recently,battery train technology has been introduced as a clean energy concept for railway.In the case of heavy locomotives such a...Lithium ion battery fire hazard has been well-documented in a variety of applications.Recently,battery train technology has been introduced as a clean energy concept for railway.In the case of heavy locomotives such as trains,the massive collection of battery stacks required to meet energy demands may pose a significant hazard.The objective of this paper is to review the risk evaluation processes for train fires and investigate the propagation of lithium ion battery fire to a neighboring steel warehouse structure at a rail repair shop through a case study.The methodology of the analyses conducted include a Monte Carlo-based dynamic modeling of fire propagation potentials,an expert-based fire impact analysis,and a finite element(FE)nonlinear fire analysis on the structural frame.The case study is presented as a demonstration of a holistic fire risk analysis for the lithium ion battery fire and results indicate that significant battery fire mitigations strategies should be considered.展开更多
文摘Lithium ion batteries(LIB)can rupture and result in thermal runaway and battery fires.In the process of transporting lithium ion batteries using trains,the massive collection of batteries can cause train fire and pose significant danger to the public.This is especially critical when the fire occurs amid a heavily populated metropolitan environment.This paper reports the 3D analysis of a warehouse with possible train fire due to LIB rupture and the fire propagation at a rail yard.Six critical fire cases with the battery train in close vicinity to the warehouse were considered.The six fire cases are the worst-case scenarios of a Monte Carlo simulation of different fire cases that may occur to an actual steel storage facility at the Capital Railyard,Raleigh,North Carolina.A 3D finite element(FE)frame model was constructed for the steel warehouse and the most critical fire cases were simulated.The results indicated that several structural components of the warehouse would experience large stresses and deflections during the simulated battery fires and resulting in instability to the structure.Specifically,members of the roof frame represent the most critical elements and that the members can result in large deformations as early as 4 minutes after the fire starts.Furthermore,effective utilization of fire protection can delay somewhat the fire effects and extend time to failure to 45 minutes and in one of the simulated cases,prevent structural instability.Thus,fire from LIB waste transport using train is a very realistic problem due to the thermal runaway,and the analysis performed in current study can be used as a preventive investigation technique for buildings that may be exposed to the train fire risk.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the funding received under NCDOT Project#2020-40.Additional funding also received from the UNC Charlotte College of Engineering Dean’s Office.Dean Bob Johnson’s support of this effort is greatly appreciated.
文摘Lithium ion battery fire hazard has been well-documented in a variety of applications.Recently,battery train technology has been introduced as a clean energy concept for railway.In the case of heavy locomotives such as trains,the massive collection of battery stacks required to meet energy demands may pose a significant hazard.The objective of this paper is to review the risk evaluation processes for train fires and investigate the propagation of lithium ion battery fire to a neighboring steel warehouse structure at a rail repair shop through a case study.The methodology of the analyses conducted include a Monte Carlo-based dynamic modeling of fire propagation potentials,an expert-based fire impact analysis,and a finite element(FE)nonlinear fire analysis on the structural frame.The case study is presented as a demonstration of a holistic fire risk analysis for the lithium ion battery fire and results indicate that significant battery fire mitigations strategies should be considered.
