Ecosystem services,defined as benefits provided by ecosystem functioning to society,are essential to human well-being.Due to global environmental change and related anthropogenic drivers,ecosystems are often degraded,...Ecosystem services,defined as benefits provided by ecosystem functioning to society,are essential to human well-being.Due to global environmental change and related anthropogenic drivers,ecosystems are often degraded,which hinders the delivery of ecosystem services.This study aims to quantify the impacts of land use and climate change on two regulating ecosystem services-carbon sequestration and water purification in terms of nitrogen retention in the Czech Republic.While employing approaches of scenarios and modeling,we illustrate current and potential future status of these ecosystem services.Our results show that among the ecosystem change drivers,one of the dominant domestic land-use change of ALARM BAMBU(Business-As Might Be Usual)scenario is change of arable land and grassland to forest area that increases by 4.5%in 2080 compared to 2000.The results of ecosystem service modeling based on BAMBU scenario for the years 2050 and 2080 indicate that the highest yearly carbon sequestration rate occurred in 2000-2050,reaching 640 GgC·yr^(−1),2000-2080 shows decline in this regulating service by 16%.Average nitro-gen leaching to water streams reached 0.75 kgN·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)for BAMBU in 2050 scenario and 0.80 kgN·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)for BAMBU in 2080 scenario as a result of decreasing nitrogen load,which suggested a decrease in nitrogen pollution compared to 2000.Since ecosystem services have not been extensively mainstreamed into research and policies in eastern European countries,we aim to contribute to improvement of knowledge on current status and potential future pathways of the provision of regulating ecosystem services in the Czech Republic.展开更多
It is well established that in current human-dominated world,environmental change is closely coupled with socio-economic factors,and this is reflected in conceptual frameworks of important policies(Díaz et al.201...It is well established that in current human-dominated world,environmental change is closely coupled with socio-economic factors,and this is reflected in conceptual frameworks of important policies(Díaz et al.2015).Humans are adversely affecting biodiversity and climate change on a planetary scale(Rockström et al.2009).Anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems has been driven by rapid social and economic changes,manifested by direct drivers such as land use change and climate change(Nelson et al.2006).Central and Eastern Europe(CEE)has been a rap-idly transitioning region in terms of economic growth and political changes.Following the collapse of former Eastern Bloc and revolutions in several CEE countries after 1989,CEE countries have been undergoing political and economic transformation toward democracy and free market.Continuous accession to the European Union also brought in changes of political environment and ecosystem management possibilities and outcomes.Profound socioeconomic changes have influenced environmental condition and ecosystem management in this region,with changing pres-sures on biodiversity and ecosystem services.Environmental changes in Central and Eastern Europe have been closely linked especially to agricultural policy.For example,inorganic fertilizer use in several CEE countries dropped in a single year to 25%of its former level after the collapse of socialism.This,in turn,had an enormous impact on farmland biodiversity(Stoate et al.2009).展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Program I(NPU I),grant number LO1415The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No.308337(Project BASE)The text reflects only the authors’views and the EU is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.This work was also supported by project COST number LD 13032 and the grant SVV-2015-260237.
文摘Ecosystem services,defined as benefits provided by ecosystem functioning to society,are essential to human well-being.Due to global environmental change and related anthropogenic drivers,ecosystems are often degraded,which hinders the delivery of ecosystem services.This study aims to quantify the impacts of land use and climate change on two regulating ecosystem services-carbon sequestration and water purification in terms of nitrogen retention in the Czech Republic.While employing approaches of scenarios and modeling,we illustrate current and potential future status of these ecosystem services.Our results show that among the ecosystem change drivers,one of the dominant domestic land-use change of ALARM BAMBU(Business-As Might Be Usual)scenario is change of arable land and grassland to forest area that increases by 4.5%in 2080 compared to 2000.The results of ecosystem service modeling based on BAMBU scenario for the years 2050 and 2080 indicate that the highest yearly carbon sequestration rate occurred in 2000-2050,reaching 640 GgC·yr^(−1),2000-2080 shows decline in this regulating service by 16%.Average nitro-gen leaching to water streams reached 0.75 kgN·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)for BAMBU in 2050 scenario and 0.80 kgN·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)for BAMBU in 2080 scenario as a result of decreasing nitrogen load,which suggested a decrease in nitrogen pollution compared to 2000.Since ecosystem services have not been extensively mainstreamed into research and policies in eastern European countries,we aim to contribute to improvement of knowledge on current status and potential future pathways of the provision of regulating ecosystem services in the Czech Republic.
文摘It is well established that in current human-dominated world,environmental change is closely coupled with socio-economic factors,and this is reflected in conceptual frameworks of important policies(Díaz et al.2015).Humans are adversely affecting biodiversity and climate change on a planetary scale(Rockström et al.2009).Anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems has been driven by rapid social and economic changes,manifested by direct drivers such as land use change and climate change(Nelson et al.2006).Central and Eastern Europe(CEE)has been a rap-idly transitioning region in terms of economic growth and political changes.Following the collapse of former Eastern Bloc and revolutions in several CEE countries after 1989,CEE countries have been undergoing political and economic transformation toward democracy and free market.Continuous accession to the European Union also brought in changes of political environment and ecosystem management possibilities and outcomes.Profound socioeconomic changes have influenced environmental condition and ecosystem management in this region,with changing pres-sures on biodiversity and ecosystem services.Environmental changes in Central and Eastern Europe have been closely linked especially to agricultural policy.For example,inorganic fertilizer use in several CEE countries dropped in a single year to 25%of its former level after the collapse of socialism.This,in turn,had an enormous impact on farmland biodiversity(Stoate et al.2009).
