The Inheritance of Traditional Culture by Tang and Song Ci Poetry

The lyric verse form known as ci sprang from the grassroots of Chinese society. From its very outset it differed stylistically fromliterati poetry. We discuss Su Shi's attempt to make his ci more genteel, and go on to discuss how Tang and Song ci inherited their tradition.

The Clan Problem in Rural Grassroots Governance and Democratic Practice

The role of patrilineal clans in rural grassroots governance and democracy is conspicuously stratified. On the one hand, there is variation between village and township levels of governance: clan influence is greater in the former than in the latter. This is linked to the difference in size and area of village and township organizations.

Establishing Female Rule in Sixteenth Century England： A Tale of Two Queens

When Mary I, the first queen of England (1553-1558) and Elizabeth I (1558-1603) were in power, they faced dual challenges: suspicion about the inheritance of the imperial power and general social anxiety about the rule of women. Mary I worked to make her rule legitimate by establishing a united rule through marriage.

Politics in the Late Kangxi Reign and Sino-Japanese Trade at Nagasaki

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the government-decreed exchange rate for the silver tael was always influenced by the price of marketable copper, which was in turn determined in toto by the annual amount of copper imported from the Japanese port of Nagasaki.

Urbanization： Main Driving Force in Economic Development in Coming Years

The past 25 years has seen an unprecedented exodus of rural immigrants flowing into cities or townships. Coastal China has become the main destination to take in the country's surplus farming labor forces in the rustic population; while the populous central or western provinces,

How Uneven National Income Distribution Dampens Growth and Consumption

Comparing the distribution of rural and urban residents' incomes we find negative correlations between the Gini coefficient and national economic growth. Unevenly distributed individual incomes hamper a country's economic development. Great income disparities divert the populace's expenditure to dietary items,

“Meticulous Crafting” and “Plain Style”： Hu Shi＇s Prose

Hu Shi's Outline History of Chinese Philosophy, despite a number of shortcomings, opened a new era for an academic prose in vernacular Chinese. Hu set great store by the structural features of a """"work,"""" arguing that it was not enough to assemble quotes,

The Seasonal Issue of “Spring Clothing” in Tang and Five Dynasties

The seasonal issue of ""spring clothing"" to public servants as a regular rite of imperial reward had been appearing not later than the reign of Liu Zhi, or Emperor Huandi (147-167 AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In comparison with the similar practice of precedent dynasties,

On the Modern Destiny of the Yongjia School of Thought

In reign of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (1821-1862), a group of intellectuals of Wenzhou as represented by Sun Xidan, Sun Kengming, Sun Yiyan, Sun Yirang, Chen Fuchen, Chen Qiu and Song Shu tried to make use of the cultural resources of the Yongjia school of thought and practice,

On the Advocacy of the Theory of Act Devaluation

The fundamental antithesis of criminology in modern times is between the theories of act devaluation (violations of norms) and of consequential devaluation (violations of legal rights). This is not a debate between subjective and objective schools of criminological thought, but within the objective school.

Late Qing Social Divisions and Social Stratification

Following the Opium Wars of the mid19^th century, structural changes arose in Chinese society which accelerated drastically during the last decade of the Qing regime (1644-1911 ). In these 10 years, as new policies were introduced, three groups of people emerged: a new type of intellectuals; a new social stratum of gentry from the old-styled mandarin and scholar-officials;

Rural Governance and the Targets for Its Organizational Reform

Rural governance has become a major, pressing issue of the day. In addition to effective social control, good social governance has the following capabilities:

Setting up Individual Loan Facilities for University Students

The Chinese state must slash its direct financial allocations to universities and the latter must perform their operations using the annual revenue of tuition fees collected directly from enrolled students. In the same time, state allocations originally earmarked for the campus might be employed to set up a complete loan system to serve students so that each of all qualified enrollees can enjoy an interest-free loan. Students are to be al-

China, America and Taiwan Straits Crisis in 1958

1958年发生的第二次台湾海峡危机是战后中美关系史上的一个重要事件,也是美国对华政策的一个重大转变。危机期间,美国政府曾试图通过战争威胁和压力迫使中国做出让步,由于美国公众舆论和盟国的反对,更重要的是由于中国政府采取了灵活的对美政策,使美国以“核威慑”战略为主要内容的对华政策破产。尽管双方剑拔弩张,但事态终究没有失控。这次危机再一次体现了20世纪50年代中美两国既对抗又进行有限对话的基本特征。

Betrothal Gifts in Marital Engagement in Cross Cultural Context

Betrothal gifts used to be regarded as a symbol to reflect the traditional culture and social structure in a given ethnical community. If viewed from an economic angle, we might see that a variety of betrothal gifts actually mirrored the origin and routes through which an ethnical people acquired their means of livelihood against different economic or cultural backgrounds.

Heqin among Ethnic Groups in the Han Dynasty： Not A Political Liaison of Marriage

Definitions of the concept of heqin (""""""""harmony and affinity"""""""") among ethnic groups in the Han Dynasty have long been erratic in the scholarly community. Confusion between heqin and marriage liaison is common. As some princesses of the Han court were married off to the chieftains of ethnic minorities,