Gibberellin homeostasis and plant height control by EUI and a role for gibberellin in root gravity responses in rice

米饭 Eui (伸长最高节间) 基因编码撤销的细胞色素 P450 monooxygenase 简历活跃赤霉素(气体) 。在这研究，我们在植物开发调查了 Eui 基因和它的角色的控制表示。我们发现 Eui 是外长的气体导致的差别并且 Eui 倡导者在维管束举办了最高的活动。eui 异种在在根冠的淀粉小粒开发是有缺点的，在表达式上的 Eui 提高了淀粉小粒产生和严肃回答，揭示为在根淀粉小粒开发和严肃回答的 GA 的一个角色。使用胚胎更少一半种子的实验揭示了那 RAmy1A， GAmyb 是高度起来当外长的 GA 不在时在 eui 糊粉房间调整了。另外， GA 生合成基因 GA3ox1 和 GA20ox2 是调整的 down， GA2ox1 起来在 eui 调整了幼苗。这些结果显示 EUI 涉及 GA 动态平衡，不是在仅仅内部在出发阶段的节点，而且在苗期，根和种子。扰乱 GA 动态平衡影响了表明基因 GID1 (赤霉素感觉迟钝的矮子 1 ) 的 GA 的表示， GID2 和 SLR1。有效地增加的 Eui 基因的转基因的 RNA 干扰种高度和改进标题性能。由对比，在米饭 GA 生合成基因 GA3ox2 和 GA20ox2 的倡导者下面的 Eui 的宫外的表示显著地减少了植物高度。这些结果证明 Eui 表示的细微增加能戏剧性地改变米饭形态学，显示在米饭的 Eui 基因的实际申请为一个高产潜力的分子的繁殖。

Maternal-derived antibodies hinder the antibody response to H9N2 AIV inactivated vaccine in the field

The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)inactivated vaccine has been used extensively in poultry farms,but it often fails to stimulate a sufficiently high immune response in poultry in the field,although it works well in laboratory experiments;hence,the virus still causes economic damage every year and poses a potential threat to public health.Based on surveillance data collected in the field,we found that broilers with high levels of maternal-derived antibodies(MDAs)against H9N2 virus did not produce high levels of antibodies after vaccination with a commercial H9N2 inactivated vaccine.In contrast,specific pathogen-free(SPF)chickens without MDAs responded efficiently to that vaccination.When MDAs were mimicked by administering passively transferred antibodies(PTAs)into SPF chickens in the laboratory,similar results were observed:H9N2-specific PTAs inhibited humoral immunity against the H9N2 inactivated vaccine,suggesting that H9N2-specific MDAs might hinder the generation of antibodies when H9N2 inactivated vaccine was used.After challenge with homologous H9N2 virus,the virus was detected in oropharyngeal swabs of the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens with PTAs but not in the vaccinated chickens without PTAs,indicating that H9N2-specific MDAs were indeed one of the reasons for H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field.When different titers of PTAs were used to mimic MDAs in SPF chickens,high(HI=12 log2)and medium(HI=log 9 log2)titers of PTAs reduced the generation of H9N2-specific antibodies after the first vaccination,but a booster dose would induce a high and faster humoral immune response even of PTA interference.This study strongly suggested that high or medium titers of MDAs might explain H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field.

Characterization and mapping of a novel mutant sms1 (senescence and male sterility 1) in rice

Plant senescence plays diverse important roles in development and environmental responses.However,the molecular basis of plant senescence is remained largely unknown.A rice spontaneous mutant with the character of early senescence and male sterility （sms） was found in the breeding line NT10-748.In order to identify the gene SMS1 and the underlying mechanism,we preliminarily analyzed physiological and biochemical phenotypes of the mutant.The mutant contained lower chlorophyll content compared with the wild type control and was severe male sterile with lower pollen viability.Genetic analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.By the map-based cloning approach,we fine-mapped SMS1 to a 67 kb region between the markers Z3-4 and Z1-1 on chromosome 8 using 1,074 F2 recessive plants derived from the cross between the mutant sms1 （japonica） × Zhenshan 97 （indica）,where no known gene involved in senescence or male sterility has been identified.Therefore the SMS1 gene will be a novel gene that regulates the two developmental processes.The further cloning and functional analysis of the SMS1 gene is under way.

Reverse leakage current in AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

The reverse leakage characteristics of AlGaNbased ultraviolet light-emitting diodes fabricated on sapphire substrate are studied by temperature-variable current–voltage(I–V)measurement from 300 to 450 K.At low-reverse bias range(0–0.5 V),the reverse leakage current exhibits tunneling characteristics.Meanwhile,under a more negative reverse bias range([0.5 V),the log(I)–log(V)plots exhibit close-to-linear dependency,which is in good agreement with the transport mechanism of space-charge limited current.A phenomenological leakage current model focusing on electron transmission primarily through continuous defect band formed by linear defects like dislocations is suggested to explain the reverse current–voltage characteristics.