Cotton ethylene response factor Gh ERF91 is involved in the defense against Verticillium dahliae

Verticillium dahliae causes significant losses in cotton production.To reveal the mechanism of the defense response to V.dahliae in cotton,transcriptomic analyses were performed using cotton cultivars M138(V.dahliae-resistant)and P2(V.dahliae-susceptible).The results revealed 11,076 and 6,640 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in response to V.dahliae,respectively.The weighted gene co-expression network analysis of 4,633 transcription factors(TFs)indicated a“MEblue”module containing 654 TFs that strongly correlate with resistance to V.dahliae.Among these TFs,the ethylene response factor Ghi_A05G10166(GhERF91)was identified as a putative hub gene with a defense response against V.dahliae.A virus-induced gene silencing assay and exogenous application of ethephon showed that GhERF91 is activated by ethylene and positively regulates the response to V.dahliae exposure in cotton.This study provides fundamental transcriptome data and a putative causal gene(GhERF91)associated with resistance to V.dahliae,as well as genetic resources for breeding V.dahliae-resistant cotton.

Targeted mutations of BnPAP2 lead to a yellow seed coat in Brassica napus L.

The yellow seed trait is preferred by breeders for its potential to improve the seed quality and commercial value of Brassica napus.In the present study,we produced yellow seed mutants using a CRISPR/Cas9 system when the two BnPAP2 homologs were knocked out.Histochemical staining of the seed coat demonstrated that proanthocyanidin accumulation was significantly reduced in the pap2 double mutants and decreased specifically in the endothelial and palisade layer cells of the seed coat.Transcriptomic and metabolite profiling analysis suggested that disruption of the BnPAP2 genes could reduce the expression of structural and regulated genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways.The broad suppression of these genes might hinder proanthocyanidin accumulation during seed development,and thereby causing the yellow seed trait in B.napus.These results indicate that BnPAP2 might play a vital role in the regulatory network controlling proanthocyanidin accumulation.

Self-Triggered Set Stabilization of Boolean Control Networks and Its Applications

Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can save the storage space for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control systems with limited communication resources. In this study, the set stabilization problem and STC design of Boolean control networks are investigated via the semi-tensor product technique. On the one hand, the largest control invariant subset is calculated in terms of the strongly connected components of the state transition graph, by which a graph-theoretical condition for set stabilization is derived. On the other hand, a characteristic function is exploited to determine the triggering mechanism and feasible controls. Based on this, the minimum-time and minimum-triggering open-loop, state-feedback and output-feedback STCs for set stabilization are designed,respectively. As classic applications of self-triggered set stabilization, self-triggered synchronization, self-triggered output tracking and self-triggered output regulation are discussed as well. Additionally, several practical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.

Na_(3)P interphase reduces Na nucleation energy enabling stable anode-less sodium metal batteries

Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are rising as viable alternatives to lithium-ion systems due to their superior energy density and sodium's relative abundance.However,SMBs face significant impediments,particularly the exceedingly high negative-to-positive capacity ratios(N/P ratios)which severely encumber energy density and hinder their practical application.Herein,a novel nucleophilic Na_(3)P interphase on aluminum foil has been designed to significantly lower the nucleation energy barrier for sodium atom deposition,resulting in a remarkable reduction of nucleation overpotential and efficient mitigation of dendritic growth at high sodium deposition of 5 mA h cm^(−2).The interphase promotes stable cycling in anode-less SMB configurations with a low N/P ratio of 1.4 and high cathode mass loading of 11.5 mg cm^(−2),and demonstrates a substantial increase in high capacity retention of 92.4%after 500 cycles even under 1 C rate condition.This innovation signifies a promising leap forward in the development of high-energy-density,anode-less SMBs,offering a potential solution to the longstanding issues of cycle stability and energy efficiency.

Assessing the corrosion protection property of coatings loaded with corrosion inhibitors using the real-time atmospheric corrosion monitoring technique

The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.

Microbiologically influenced corrosion resistance enhancement of coppercontaining high entropy alloy Fe_(x)Cu_(1−x)CoNiCrMn against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

To enhance the microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)resistance of FeCoNiCrMn high entropy alloy(HEAs),a series of Fe_(x)Cu_((1−x))CoNiCrMn(x=1,0.75,0.5,and 0.25)HEAs were prepared.Microstructural characteristics,corrosion behavior(morphology observation and electrochemical properties),and antimicrobial performance of Fe_(x)Cu_((1−x))CoNiCrMn HEAs were evaluated in a medium inoculated with typical corrosive microorganism Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The aim was to identify copper-containing FeCoNiCrMn HEAs that balance corrosion resistance and antimicrobial properties.Results revealed that all Fe_(x)Cu_((1−x))CoNiCrMn(x=1,0.75,0.5,and 0.25)HEAs exhibited an FCC(face centered cubic)phase,with significant grain refinement observed in Fe_(0.75)Cu_(0.25)CoNiCrMn HEA.Electrochemical tests indicated that Fe_(0.75)Cu_(0.25)CoNiCrMn HEA demonstrated lower corrosion current density(i_(corr))and pitting potential(E_(pit))compared to other Fe_(x)Cu_((1−x))CoNiCrMn HEAs in P.aeruginosa-inoculated medium,exhibiting superior resistance to MIC.Anti-microbial tests showed that after 14 d of immersion,Fe_(0.75)Cu_(0.25)CoNiCrMn achieved an antibacterial rate of 89.5%,effectively inhibiting the adhesion and biofilm formation of P.aeruginosa,thereby achieving resistance to MIC.

Developing an atmospheric aging evaluation model of acrylic coatings:A semi-supervised machine learning algorithm

To study the atmospheric aging of acrylic coatings,a two-year aging exposure experiment was conducted in 13 representative climatic environments in China.An atmospheric aging evaluation model of acrylic coatings was developed based on aging data including11 environmental factors from 567 cities.A hybrid method of random forest and Spearman correlation analysis was used to reduce the redundancy and multicollinearity of the data set by dimensionality reduction.A semi-supervised collaborative trained regression model was developed with the environmental factors as input and the low-frequency impedance modulus values of the electrochemical impedance spectra of acrylic coatings in 3.5wt%NaCl solution as output.The model improves accuracy compared to supervised learning algorithms model(support vector machines model).The model provides a new method for the rapid evaluation of the aging performance of acrylic coatings,and may also serve as a reference to evaluate the aging performance of other organic coatings.

A New Micropropagation Technology of Tilia amurensis:In VitroMicropropagation of Mature Zygotic Embryos and the Establishment of a PlantRegeneration System

Tilia amurensis is an economically valuable broadleaf tree species in Northeast China.The production of highqualityT.amurensis varieties at commercial scales has been greatly limited by the low germination rates.Thereis thus a pressing need to develop an organogenesis protocol for in vitro propagation of T.amurensis to alleviate ashortage of high-quality T.amurensis seedlings.Here,we established a rapid in vitro propagation system forT.amurensis from mature zygotic embryos and analyzed the effects of plant growth regulators and culture mediain different stages.We found that Woody plant medium(WPM)was the optimal primary culture medium formature zygotic embryos.The highest callus induction percentage(68.76%)and number of axillary buds induced(3.2)were obtained in WPM+0.89μmol/L 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)+0.46μmol/L kinetin(KT)+0.25μmol/Lindole-3-butryic acid(IBA)+1.44μmol/L gibberellin A_(3)(GA_(3)).The multiple shoot bud development achievedthe highest percentage(83.32%)in the Murashige and Skoog(MS)+2.22μmol/L 6-BA+0.25μmol/L IBA+1.44μmol/L GA_(3).The rooting percentage(96.70%)was highest in 1/2 MS medium+1.48μmol/L IBA.Thesurvival percentage of transplanting plantlets was 82.22%in soil:vermiculite:perlite(5:3:1).Our study is the firstto establish an effective organogenesis protocol for T.amurensis using mature zygotic embryos.

韧性城市建设背景下公安应急管理工作研究

中国式现代化是实现中华民族伟大复兴的正确道路,而城镇化是现代化的必由之路。城市治理过程中的公共安全问题具有很强的脆弱性,韧性城市的系统理论为维护城市公共安全提供了新的解决思路和路径。公安机关作为政府重要的职能部门,公安应急管理工作的主要任务是发现并消除影响社会治安秩序的危险因素,减少重大突发事件对社会治安的影响,确保国家安全、社会治安秩序稳定,配合其他部门恢复社会秩序,促进韧性城市建设的健康发展。为了提升公安应急管理工作水平,建议从优化信息收集发布机制、搭建平台激发群众热情、提高应急管理保障水平、优化更新应急演练预案等方面入手。

有机化学课程人物思政元素教学融入方法探索——以邮票上的“吉森学派”为例

化学人物的教学融入是有机化学课程思政教学过程中的重要组成部分和必不可少的环节。化学主题邮票作为一类特色的教学资源和载体,蕴含着丰富的思政育人内容。本文针对农学类有机化学课程开展了以“吉森学派”化学人物主题邮票为主线之一的大学化学教学实践。对化学主题邮票应用于教学的简要历史、可行性和意义加以分析,并对化学人物主题邮票这一特色载体融入教学的方法、效果和反思进行总结,旨在为此类教学开展提供参考。

Three novel alleles of OsGS1 developed by base-editing-mediated artificial evolution confer glufosinate tolerance in rice

Only few glufosinate-tolerant genes,such as phosphinothricin acetyltransferase(PAT)and bialaphos resistance(bar)identified from Streptomyces,are currently available for developing genetically modified rice in agricultural application.Following the rapid development of genome editing technology,generation of novel glufosinate-tolerant gene resources through artificial evolution of endogenous genes is more promising and highly desirable in rice molecular breeding program.In this study,the endogenous Glutamine synthetase1(OsGS1)was artificially evolved by base-editing-mediated gene evolution(BEMGE)in rice cells to create novel alleles conferring glufosinate tolerance in rice germplasms.Two novel glufosinate-tolerant OsGS1 alleles(OsGS1-AVPS and OsGS1-+AF)and one reported tolerant allele(OsGS1-SGTA)were successfully identified from approximately 4200 independent hygromycin-tolerant calli.Germination assays and spray tests revealed that these three OsGS1 alleles confer glufosinate tolerance in rice.Furthermore,OsGS1-AVPS and OsGS1-SGTA were quickly deployed into the elite rice cultivar Nangeng 46 through precise base editing.Overall,our results demonstrate the feasibility of developing glufosinate-tolerant rice by editing an endogenous rice gene in molecular breeding programs.

Relationship between Hardness and Deformation during Cold Rolling Process of Complex Profles

The hardening on surface of complex profles such as thread and spline manufactured by cold rolling can efectively improve the mechanical properties and surface quality of rolled parts. The distribution of hardness in superfcial layer is closely related to the deformation by rolling. To establish the suitable correlation model for describing the relationship between strain and hardness during cold rolling forming process of complex profles is helpful to the optimization of rolling parameters and improvement of rolling process. In this study, a physical analog experiment refecting the uneven deformation during complex-profle rolling process has been extracted and designed, and then the large date set (more than 400 data points) of training samples refecting the local deformation characteristics of complexprofle rolling have been obtained. Several types of polynomials and power functions were adopted in regression analysis, and the regression correlation models of 45# steel were evaluated by the single-pass and multi-pass physical analog experiments and the complex-profle rolling experiment. The results indicated that the predicting accuracy of polynomial regression model is better in the strain range (i.e., ε < 1.2) of training samples, and the correlation relationship between strain and hardness out strain range (i.e., ε > 1.2) of training samples can be well described by power regression model;so the correlation relationship between strain and hardness during complex-profle rolling process of 45# steel can be characterized by a segmented function such as third-order polynomial in the range ε < 1.2 and power function with a ftting constant in the range ε > 1.2;and the predicting error of the regression model by segmented function is less than 10%.

Functionalized carbon dots for corrosion protection:Recent advances and future perspectives

Metal corrosion causes significant economic losses,safety issues,and environmental pollution.Hence,its prevention is of immense research interest.Carbon dots(CDs)are a new class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials,which have been considered for corrosion protection applications in recent years due to their corrosion inhibition effect,fluorescence,low toxicity,facile chemical modification,and cost-effectiveness.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis,physical and chemical properties,and anticorrosion mechanisms of functionalized CDs.First,the corrosion inhibition performance of different types of CDs is introduced,followed by discussion on their application in the development of smart protective coatings with self-healing and/or self-reporting properties.The effective barrier formed by CDs in the coatings can inhibit the spread of local damage and achieve self-healing behavior.In addition,diverse functional groups on CDs can interact with Fe^(3+)and H^(+)ions generated during the corrosion process;this interaction changes their fluorescence,thereby demonstrating self-reporting behavior.Moreover,challenges and prospects for the development of CD-based corrosion protection systems are also presented.

Universal machine learning potential accelerates atomistic modeling of materials

With the rapid development of computer techniques,atomistic modeling is playing an increasingly important role in understanding the structure-activity relationship of materials.Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computational simulation approach to predicting the structural evolution of an atomic system over time,widely used to understand physical and chemical phenomena including phase transition,diffusion,crystallization,and reaction [1].

Research on the detection of early caries based on hyperspectral imaging

Objective:We applied hyperspectral imaging(HSI)system to distinguish early caries from soundand pigmented areas.It will provide a theoretical basis and technical support,for research anddevelopment of an instrument that could be used for screening and detection of early dentalcaries.Methods:Eighteen extracted human teeth(molars and premolars),with varying degrees ofnatural pathology and no degree of decay involving dentin were obtained.HSI system with awavelength range from 400 to 1000nm was used to obtain images of all 18 teeth containingsound,carious and pigmented areas.We compared the spectra of the wavebands at both 500 nmand 780 nm from the different tooth states,and the reflectance diference bet ween sound versuscarious lesions and sound versus pigmented areas,respectively.Results:There was a slight diference in refectance bet ween carious areas and pigmented areas at500 nm.A substantial difference was additionally noted in refectance bet ween carious areas andpigmented areas at 780 nm.Conclusion:The results have shown that the interference of tooth surface pigment can be elim-inated in the near-infrared(NIR)waveband,and the caries can be effectively identifed from the pigmented areas.Thus,it could be used to detect carious areas of teeth in place of the traditionalvisual inspection method or white light endoscopy.Clinical significance:The NIR difused light signal enables the identification of early caries frompigment and other interference,providing a reasonable detection tool for early detection andearly treatment of teeth diseases.

A Vision of Materials Genome Engineering in China

In the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,one of the biggest bottlenecks we are facing is the lack of adequate materials technology.It is urgently hoped that there can be a major revolution in the materials research and development(R&D)field,rather than gradual and slow development[1].Under this background,materials genome engineering(MGE)has been developing rapidly,and its key technologies and engineering applications have become the frontiers of materials research[2].

Co3O4 modified Ag/g-C3N4 composite as a bifunctional cathode for lithium-oxygen battery

Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries have appeal to enormous attention because they demonstrate higher energy density than the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries.Whereas,their practical application is impeded by several challenging problems,such as the low energy round trip efficiencies and the insufficient cycle life,due to the cathode passivation caused by the accumulation of discharge products.Developing efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions is effective to reduce the overpotentials in Li-O2cells.In our work,we report a Co3O4modified Ag/g-C3N4nanocomposite as a bifunctional cathode catalyst for Li-O2cells.The g-C3N4substrate prevents the accumulation of Ag and Co3O4nanoparticles and the presence of Ag NPs improves the surface area of g-C3N4and electronic conductivity,significantly improving the oxygen reduction/evolution capabilities of Co3O4.Due to a synergetic effect,the Ag/g-C3N4/Co3O4nanocomposite demonstrates a higher catalytic activity than each individual constituent of Co3O4or Ag/g-C3N4for the ORR/OER on as catalysts in Li-O2cells.As a result,the Ag/gC3N4/Co3O4composite shows impressive electrochemical performance in a Li-O2battery,including high discharge capacity,small gap between charge and discharge potential,and high cycling stability.

Clonal variations in cone,seed and nut traits in a Pinus koraiensis seed orchard in Northeast China

Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Siebold&Zucc.)in Northeastern China has been genetically improved to increase seed yields in addition to timber.To assess seed yield variability and select highly productive clones,14 cone,seed and nut traits were measured and analyzed.Variance analysis showed that all clones were signifi cantly different in various traits(P<0.01).Phenotypic coeffi cients of variation and repeatability of traits ranged from 9.1 to 34.4%and from 27.5 to 97.7%,respectively.Except for the cone layer and cone seed numbers,the other traits were positively or negatively correlated.Three principal components were identifi ed.Seed and nut traits were the most important traits in the fi rst principal component,and cone traits more important in the second.Using correlation and principal component analyses,cone number and other traits were selected to evaluate materials.Twenty-two clones were selected using a selection rate of 10%based on cone number independently or other combined traits.The genetic gain for diff erent traits ranged from 6.2 to 24.3%.The selected elite clones can supply seedlings for reforestation and the selection method can provide a theoretical basis for selection in other conifer species.

Synthesis of 3D Hexagram-Like Cobalt–Manganese Sulfides Nanosheets Grown on Nickel Foam: A Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

The exploration of low-cost and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction through tuning the chemical composition is strongly required for sustainable resources. Herein, we developed a bimetallic cobalt–manganese sulfide supported on Ni foam(CMS/Ni) via a solvothermal method. It has discovered that after combining with the pure Co_9S_8 and Mn S, the morphologies of CMS/Ni have modulated. The obtained three-dimensionally hexagram-like CMS/Ni nanosheets have a significant increase in electrochemical active surface area and charge transport ability. More than that, the synergetic effect of Co and Mn has also presented in this composite. Benefiting from these, the CMS/Ni electrode shows great performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in basic medium, comparing favorably to that ofthe pure Co_9S_8/Ni and Mn S/Ni. More importantly, this versatile CMS/Ni can catalyze the water splitting in a twoelectrode system at a potential of 1.47 V, and this electrolyzer can be efficiently driven by a 1.50 V commercial dry battery.

Three-dimensional lily-like CoNi_2S_4 as an advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction

Designing low-cost, highly efficient, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） and oxygen evolution reaction（OER） is of vital significance for water splitting.Herein, three-dimensional lily-like CoNi_2S_4 supported on nickel foam（CoNi_2S_4/Ni） has been fabricated by sulfuration of the Co–Ni precursor. As expected, CoNi_2S_4/Ni possesses such outstanding electrocatalytic properties that it requires an overpotential of only 54 mV at 10 mA cm^（-2） and 328 mV at 100 mA cm^（-2） for HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, by utilizing the CoNi_2S_4/Ni electrodes as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, a current density of 10 mA cm^（-2） can be obtained at a voltage of only 1.56 V.