Initial COVID-19 severity influenced by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells imprints T-cell memory and inversely affects reinfection

The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity,as well as long-term adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial COVID-19 severity,remain unclarified.Here,we longitudinally analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune effectors during the acute infection and convalescent phases of 165 patients with COVID-19 categorized by severity.We found that early and robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell responses ameliorate disease progression and shortened hospital stay,while delayed and attenuated virus-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses are prominent severe COVID-19 features.Delayed antiviral antibody generation rather than titer level associates with severe outcomes.Conversely,initial COVID-19 severity imprints the long-term maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity,demonstrating that severe convalescents exhibited more sustained virus-specific antibodies and memory T cell responses compared to mild/moderate counterparts.Moreover,initial COVID-19 severity inversely correlates with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk.Overall,our study unravels the complicated interaction between temporal characteristics of virus-specific T cell responses and COVID-19 severity to guide future SARS-CoV-2 wave management.

自然保护区生物标本资源共享子平台红外相机数据库建设进展

红外相机技术在野生动物调查研究中得到广泛应用,其发展和普及为中国自然保护地生物多样性保护带来了诸多机会。为进一步推广该技术在我国自然保护地野生动物监测中的应用,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所在自然保护区生物标本资源共享子平台增设野生动物红外相机数据库专栏,并通过门户网站"中国自然保护区生物标本资源共享平台"(http://www.papc.cn/)对外发布,向公众开放,可以随时查阅、下载信息。本文重点介绍了该平台的野生动物红外相机数据库建设进展,包括所监测的自然保护区、监测方案、数据规范存储、标准化分析、成果介绍、工作计划等内容。2010–2019年间,该平台使用红外相机调查技术在全国13个不同类型的保护地开展兽类和鸟类资源调查,累计27.25万个有效工作日,共拍摄到8.41万张独立图像,经鉴定有80种野生兽类和200种野生鸟类,并利用这些数据对野生动物行为、稀有物种探测、人为干扰,以及气候变化影响等方面进行研究,取得了重要的阶段性成果。下一步,子平台牵头单位将筹建自然保护地红外相机数据共享平台,制定红外相机调查设计、监测技术、数据格式等统一标准化方案,逐步完善我国自然保护地野生动物红外相机监测网络。