Reasonable design a high-entropy garnet-type solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Traditional garnet solid electrolyte(Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12))suffers from low room temperature ionic conductivity,poor air stability,high sintering temperature and energy consumption.Considering the development prospects of high-entropy materials with high structural disorder and strong component controllability in the field of electrochemical energy storage,herein,a novel high-entropy garnet-type oxide solid electrolyte,Li_(5.75)Ga_(0.25)La_(3)Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Sn_(0.5)Nb_(0.5)O_(12)(LGLZTSNO)was constructed by partially replacing the Li and Zr sites in Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)with Ga and Ti/Sn/Nb elements,respectively.The experimental and density functional theory(DFT)calculation results show that the high-entropy LGLZTSNO electrolyte has preferable room temperature ion conductivity,air stability,interface contact performance with lithium anode,and the ability to suppress lithium dendrites.Thanks to the improvement of electrolyte performance,the critical current density of Li/Ag@LGLZTSNO/Li symmetric cell was increased from 0.42 to 1.57 mA cm^(−2),and the interface area specific impedance(IASR)was reduced from 765.2 to 42.3Ωcm^(2).Meanwhile,the Li/Ag@LGLZTSNO/LFP full cell also exhibits excellent rate performance and cycling performance(148 mA h g^(−1)at 0.1 C and 124 mA h g^(−1)at 0.5 C,capacity retention up to 84.8%after 100 cycles at 0.1 C),showing the application prospects of high-entropy LGLZTSNO solid electrolyte in high-performance all solid state lithium batteries.

Defect Engineering of Carbons for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

Sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies are a vital prerequisite for neutral future carbon.To this end,carbon materials with attractive features,such as tunable pore architecture,good electrical conductivity,outstanding physicochemical stability,abundant resource,and low cost,have used as promising electrode materials for energy conversion and storage.Defect engineering could modulate the structures of carbon materials,thereby affecting their electronic properties.The presence of defects on carbons may lead to asymmetric charge distribution,change in geometrical configuration,and distortion of the electronic structure that may result in unexpected electrochemical performances.In this review,recent advances in defects of carbons used for energy conversion and storage were examined in terms of types,regulation strategies,and fine characterization means of defects.The applications of such carbons in supercapacitors,rechargeable batteries,and electrocatalysis were also discussed.The perspectives toward the development of defect engineering carbons were proposed.In all,novel insights related to improvement in high-performance carbon materials for future energy conversion and storage applications were provided.

Rational design of stretchable and conductive hydrogel binder for highly reversible SiP2 anode

The emerging SiP2with large capacity and suitable plateau is proposed to be the alternative anode for Li-ion batteries.However,typical SiP2still suffers from serious volume expansion and structural destruction,resulting in much Li-consumption and capacity fading.Herein,a novel stretchable and conductive Li-PAA@PEDOT:PSS binder is rationally designed to improve the cyclability and reversibility of SiP2.Interestingly,such Li-PAA@PEDOT:PSS hydrogel enables a better accommodation of volume expansion than PVDF binder(e.g.5.94% vs.68.73% of expansivity).More specially,the SiP2electrode with LiPAA@PEDOT:PSS binder is surprisingly found to enable unexpected structural recombination and selfhealing Li-storage processes,endowing itself with a high initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) up to 93.8%,much higher than PVDF binder(ICE=70.7%) as well.Such unusual phenomena are investigated in detail for Li-PAA@PEDOT:PSS,and the possible mechanism shows that its Li-PAA component enables to prevent the pulverization of SiP2nanoparticles while the PEDOT:PSS greatly bridges fast electronic connection for the whole electrode.Consequently,after being further composited with carbon matrix,the SiP2/C with LiPAA@PEDOT:PSS hydrogel exhibits high reversibility(ICE> 93%),superior cyclability(>450 cycles),and rate capability(1520 mAh/g at 2000 mA/g) for LIBs.This highly stretchable and conductive binder design can be easily extended to other alloying materials toward advanced energy storage.

Study on the Quality Evaluation of Steamed Bread and the Physical and Chemical Properties of Wheat

In this study,the different physical and chemical properties of wheat were studied,and on this basis,and the quality of steamed bread made was evaluated.We analyzed the correlation between the evaluation indexes of steamed bread and the basic physical and chemical indexes of wheat,and investigated important factors that affect the evaluation indexes of steamed bread,including flour extraction rate,protein content,amylose content,protein,added amount of yeast,fermentation time and other aspects.According to the study results,it was shown that different factors had different effect on steamed bread quality,with both positive correlation and negative correlation.

Nail Holding Performance of Self-Tapping Screws on Masson Pine and Chinese Fir Dimension Lumbers

Screw connection is a type most commonly applied to timber structures.As important commercial tree species in China,Masson pine and Chinese fir have the potential to prepare wood structures.In this study,the effects of the diameter of the self-tapping screw and the guiding bores on the nail holding performance on different sections of Masson pine and Chinese fir dimension lumbers were mainly explored.The results showed that:(1)The nail holding strength of the tangential section was the maximum,followed by that of the radial section,and that of the cross section was the minimum.(2)The nail holding strength of Masson pine was higher than that of Chinese fir.(3)The nail holding strength grew with the increase in the diameter of self-tapping screws,but a large diameter would lead to plastic cracking of the timber,thus further affecting the nail holding strength.Masson pine and Chinese fir reached the maximum nail holding strength when the diameter of self-tapping screws was 3.5 mm.(4)Under a large diameter of screws,prefabricated guiding bores could mitigate timber cracking and improve its nail holding strength.(5)Prefabricated guiding bores were more necessary for the screw connection of Masson pine.The results obtained could provide a scientific basis for the screw connection design of Masson pine and Chinese fir timber structures.

Cow-YOLO:Automatic cow mounting detection based on non-local CSPDarknet53 and multiscale neck

Cows mounting behavior is a significant manifestation of estrus in cows.The timely detection of cows mounting behavior can make cows conceive in time,thereby improving milk production of cows and economic benefits of the pasture.Existing methods of mounting behavior detection are difficult to achieve precise detection under occlusion and severe scale change environments and meet real-time requirements.Therefore,this study proposed a Cow-YOLO model to detect cows mounting behavior.To meet the needs of real-time performance,YOLOv5s model is used as the baseline model.In order to solve the problem of difficult detection of cows mounting behavior in an occluded environment,the CSPDarknet53 of YOLOv5s is replaced with Non-local CSPDarknet53,which enables the network to obtain global information and improves the model’s ability to detect the mounting cows.Next,the neck of YOLOv5s is redesigned to Multiscale Neck,reinforcing the multi-scale feature fusion capability of model to solve difficulty detection under dramatic scale changes.Then,to further increase the detection accuracy,the Coordinate Attention Head is integrated into YOLOv5s.Finally,these improvements form a novel cow mounting detection model called Cow-YOLO and make Cow-YOLO more suitable for cows mounting behavior detection in occluded and drastic scale changes environments.Cow-YOLO achieved a precision of 99.7%,a recall of 99.5%,a mean average precision of 99.5%,and a detection speed of 156.3 f/s on the test set.Compared with existing detection methods of cows mounting behavior,Cow-YOLO achieved higher detection accuracy and faster detection speed in an occluded and drastic scale-change environment.Cow-YOLO can assist ranch breeders in achieving real-time monitoring of cows estrus,enhancing ranch economic efficiency.

一例ALMS1基因复合杂合突变所致的Alstrom综合征的诊疗和基因检测分析

Alstrom综合征是一种由ALMS1基因突变导致的罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,以锥杆型视网膜营养不良、感音神经性耳聋、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、高甘油三酯血症、非酒精性脂肪肝、扩张性心肌病、进行性肝肾功能障碍为典型临床表现。本文随访1例以糖尿病就诊的青年男性患者,合并有失明、耳聋、高脂血症、肥胖、脂肪肝、胰岛素抵抗,基因检测结果表明患者ALMS1基因发生复合杂合突变,分别来源于母亲和父亲,前者为8号外显子携带的突变c.5535delG(p.S1847Lfs*24),后者为16号外显子携带的突变c.10819C>T(p.R3607X),这两个突变位点在已知的ALMS1基因变异库中均未被报道。该患者口服达格列净后,高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹实验发现其胰岛素敏感性指数显著提高。通过总结分析该病例,对于临床上青少年起病的合并有失明、耳聋、严重胰岛素抵抗和脂代谢紊乱的糖尿病患者,应考虑到Alstrom综合征的可能。本病例发现的2个新突变位点丰富了ALMS1基因的遗传变异数据库,其治疗随访数据为该类疾病患者选择合适的降糖方案提供了新的证据。

Thiol-ene crosslinked cellulose-based gel polymer electrolyte with good structural integrity for high cycling performance lithium-metal battery

Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs) are considered to be one most promising alternative to liquid electrolytes due to their suitability for creating safe and durable solid-state lithium-metal batteries. However, the mechanical properties of GPEs usually deteriorate dramatically when polymer matrices are plasticized by a liquid electrolyte, which leads to significant loss of battery performance. Therefore, the long-term structural integrity and good mechanical strength are critical characteristics of GPEs designed for highperformance batteries. Here, an ecologically compatible cellulose-based GPE with a crosslinked structure is synthesized via a facile and effective thiol-ene click chemistry method. The prepared thiol-ene crosslinked GPE possesses enhanced mechanical strength(10.95 MPa) and rigid structure, which enabled us to fabricate Li Fe PO_(4)|Li batteries with ultra-long cycling performance. The capacity retention of the crosslinked cellulose-based GPE can be up to 84% at 0.5 C, even after 350 cycles, which is considerably higher than that of non-crosslinked GPE for which rapid decline in capacity occurs after 200 cycles. In addition, a GPE preparation method described in this work compares favorably well with existing commercial electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.

Structural engineering of hard carbon through spark plasma sintering for enhanced sodium-ion storage

Hard carbon(HC)has emerged as one of the superior anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),with its electrochemical performance significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen functional groups and its closed pore structure.However,current research on the structural adjustment of these oxygen functional groups and the closed pore architecture within HC remains limited.Herein,energy-efficient and contamination-free spark plasma sintering technology was employed to tune the structure of coconut-shell HC,resulting in significant adjustments to the content of carboxyl(decreasing from 5.71 at%to 2.12 at%)and hydroxyl groups(decreasing from 7.73 at%to 6.26 at%).Crucially,these modifications reduced the irreversible reaction of oxygen functional groups with Na^(+).Simultaneously,a substantial number of closed pores with an average diameter of 1.22 nm were generated within the HC,offering an ideal environment for efficient Na^(+)accommodation.These structural changes resulted in a remarkable improvement in the electrochemical performance of the modified HC.The reversible specific capacity of the modified HC surged from 73.89 mAh·g^(-1)to an impressive 251.97 m Ah·g^(-1)at a current density of 50 mA·g^(-1).Even at 400 mA·g^(-1),the reversible specific capacity increased significantly from 14.55 to 85.44 mAh·g^(-1).Hence,this study provides a novel perspective for designing tailored HC materials with the potential to develop high-performance SIBs.