Spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling of placental development in dairy cow

The placenta plays a crucial role in successful mammalian reproduction.Ruminant animals possess a semi-invasive placenta characterized by a highly vascularized structure formed by maternal endometrial caruncles and fetal placental cotyledons,essential for full-term fetal development.The cow placenta harbors at least two trophoblast cell populations:uninucleate(UNC)and binucleate(BNC)cells.However,the limited capacity to elucidate the transcriptomic dynamics of the placental natural environment has resulted in a poor understanding of both the molecular and cellular interactions between trophoblast cells and niches,and the molecular mechanisms governing trophoblast differentiation and functionalization.To fill this knowledge gap,we employed Stereo-seq to map spatial gene expression patterns at near single-cell resolution in the cow placenta at 90 and 130 days of gestation,attaining high-resolution,spatially resolved gene expression profiles.Based on clustering and cell marker gene expression analyses,key transcription factors,including YBX1 and NPAS2,were shown to regulate the heterogeneity of trophoblast cell subpopulations.Cell communication and trajectory analysis provided a framework for understanding cell-cell interactions and the differentiation of trophoblasts into BNCs in the placental microenvironment.Differential analysis of cell trajectories identified a set of genes involved in regulation of trophoblast differentiation.Additionally,spatial modules and co-variant genes that help shape specific tissue structures were identified.Together,these findings provide foundational insights into important biological pathways critical to the placental development and function in cows.

Extensive multifocal and pleomorphic pulmonary lesions in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: A case report

BACKGROUND Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia(WM) is a type of small lymphocytic lymphoma that mainly affects the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. A subset of patients with WM demonstrates extramedullary involvement(4.4%),and the most frequent extramedullary disease site involved is the lungs(30%).CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male patient who experienced intermittent breath-holding for 6 mo was admitted on August 14, 2017. Chest computed tomography indicated multiple pulmonary cavities in the upper lobes of both lungs, with pulmonary consolidation, ground-glass opacities, patchy infiltrates, fibrous bands, large bullae, and enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum. The patient was a heavy smoker(20 cigarettes/d for 40 years). Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed normal findings. Serological examination revealed a remarkable increase in serum immunoglobulin M levels(30.24 g/L;normal: 0.4-2.30 g/L). A computed tomography-guided percutaneous pulmonary biopsy was performed in the left lower lobe of the lung with pulmonary consolidation and indicated that the alveolar structure disappeared and that a large amount of amyloid-like deposition was present along with the infiltration of very few lymphocytes and plasma cells. The patient was treated with the combined treatment of dexamethasone + rituximab + lenalidomide over four courses. Serum immunoglobulin M did not normalize, and he received ibrutinib +dexamethasone.CONCLUSION This patient with WM and lung amyloidosis had a wide range of pulmonary lesions and a variety of morphological features, which was a rare case. Yet, some changes might be ascribed to heavy smoking.

An unusual substitution reaction of an aromatic sulfonic group based on 3-carbonyl-4-phenolsulfonic acid

An unusual substitution reaction of an aromatic sulfonic group based on 3-carbonyl-4-phenolsulfonic acid was discovered in a diazo-coupling process. The reaction occurred under mild reaction conditions （pH 8.0-9.0, 0-5 ℃, solvent： water） within a short reaction time （1 h）. A plausible substitution reaction mechanism by phenol-ketone resonance was proposed.