BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a common non-Hodgkin lymphoma.The development of immunotherapy greatly improves the patient prognosis but there are some exceptions.Thus,screening for better biomarker...BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a common non-Hodgkin lymphoma.The development of immunotherapy greatly improves the patient prognosis but there are some exceptions.Thus,screening for better biomarkers for prognostic evaluation could contribute to the treatment of DLBCL patients.AIM To screen the novel mediators involved in the development of DLBCL.METHODS The GSE60 dataset was applied to identify the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in DLBCL,and the principal components analysis plot was used to determine the quality of the included samples.The protein-protein interactions were analyzed by the STRING tool.The key hub genes were entered into to the GEPIA database to determine their expressions in DLBCL.Furthermore,these hub gene alterations were analyzed in cBioportal.The UALCAN portal was employed to analyze the expression of the hub genes in different stages of DLBCL.The Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data Score was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the gene expression and tumor purity.The gene-gene correlation analysis was conducted in the GEPIA.The stromal score analysis was conducted in TIMER to confirm the correlation between the gene expression and infiltrated stromal cells.The correlation between the indicated genes and infiltration level of cancerassociated fibroblasts(CAFs)was also completed in TIMER with two methods,MCP-Counter and Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion.The correlation between fibronectin(FN1)protein level and secreted protein acidic and cysteinerich(SPARC)messenger ribonucleic acid expression was confirmed in the cBioportal.RESULTS The top 20 DEGs in DLBCL were identified,and the principal components analysis plot confirmed the quality of the significant DEGs.The pairwise correlation coefficient analysis among all samples showed that these DEGs have a certain co-expression pattern.The DEGs were subjected to STRING to identify the hub genes,alpha-2-macroglobulin(A2M),cathepsin B(CTSB),FN1,matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP9),and SPARC.The five hub genes were confirmed to be overexpressed in DLBCL.The cBioportal portal detected these five hub genes that had gene alteration,including messenger ribonucleic acid high amplification and missense mutation,and the gene alteration percentages of A2M,FN1,CTSB,MMP9,and SPARC were 5%,8%,5%,2.7%,and 5%,respectively.Furthermore,the five hub genes had a potential positive correlation with tumor stage.The correlation analysis between the five genes and tumor purity confirmed that the five genes were overexpressed in DLBCL and had a positive correlation with the development of DLBCL.More interestingly,the five genes had a significant correlation with the stromal infiltration scores.The correlation analysis between the fives genes and CAFs also showed a significant value,among which the top two genes,FN1 and SPARC,had a remarkable co-expression pattern.CONCLUSION The top DEGs were identified,and the five hub genes were overexpressed in DLBCL.Furthermore,the gene alterations were confirmed and the positive correlation with tumor purity revealed the overexpression of the five genes and close association with the development of DLBCL.More interestingly,the five genes were positively correlated with stromal infiltration,especially in CAFs.The top two genes,FN1 and SPARC,showed a co-expression pattern,which indicates their potential as novel therapeutic targets for DLBCL.展开更多
A cosmic-ray muon telescope the telescope was built in the Zhongshan has been collecting data since the end Station of Antarctica. The telescope of 2014, which was shortly after is the first observation device to be b...A cosmic-ray muon telescope the telescope was built in the Zhongshan has been collecting data since the end Station of Antarctica. The telescope of 2014, which was shortly after is the first observation device to be built by Chinese scientists in Antarctica. The pressure change is very strong in Zhongshan station. The count rate of the pressure correction results shows that the large variations in the count rate are likely caused by pressure fluctuations. During the period from 18 June to 22 June 2015, four halo coronal mass ejections （CMEs） were ejected from the Sun. These CMEs initiated a series of Forbush decreases （FD） when they reached the Earth. We conducted a comprehensive study of the intensity fluctuations of galactic cosmic rays recorded during FDs. The intensity fluctuations used in this study were collected by cosmic ray detectors of multiple stations （Zhongshan, McMurdo, South Polar, and Nagoya）, and the solar wind measurements were collected by ACE and WIND. The profile of the FD of 22 June demonstrated a four-step decrease. The traditional one- or two-step FD classification method does not adequately explain the FD profile results. The interaction between the faster CME that occurred on 21 June 2015 and the two slow CMEs of the earlier few days should be considered. The cosmic ray intensities of the South Pole, McMurdo, and Zhongshan stations have similar hourly variations, whereas the galactic cosmic rays recorded between polar and non-polar locations are distinct. The FD pre-increase of 22 June 2015 for the Nagoya ninon telescope （non-polar location） lags those of the McMurdo and Zhongshan stations （polar locations） by 1 h. The FD onset of 22 June 2015 for the Nagoya muon telescope lags those of the polar locations by 1 h.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0793.
文摘BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a common non-Hodgkin lymphoma.The development of immunotherapy greatly improves the patient prognosis but there are some exceptions.Thus,screening for better biomarkers for prognostic evaluation could contribute to the treatment of DLBCL patients.AIM To screen the novel mediators involved in the development of DLBCL.METHODS The GSE60 dataset was applied to identify the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in DLBCL,and the principal components analysis plot was used to determine the quality of the included samples.The protein-protein interactions were analyzed by the STRING tool.The key hub genes were entered into to the GEPIA database to determine their expressions in DLBCL.Furthermore,these hub gene alterations were analyzed in cBioportal.The UALCAN portal was employed to analyze the expression of the hub genes in different stages of DLBCL.The Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data Score was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the gene expression and tumor purity.The gene-gene correlation analysis was conducted in the GEPIA.The stromal score analysis was conducted in TIMER to confirm the correlation between the gene expression and infiltrated stromal cells.The correlation between the indicated genes and infiltration level of cancerassociated fibroblasts(CAFs)was also completed in TIMER with two methods,MCP-Counter and Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion.The correlation between fibronectin(FN1)protein level and secreted protein acidic and cysteinerich(SPARC)messenger ribonucleic acid expression was confirmed in the cBioportal.RESULTS The top 20 DEGs in DLBCL were identified,and the principal components analysis plot confirmed the quality of the significant DEGs.The pairwise correlation coefficient analysis among all samples showed that these DEGs have a certain co-expression pattern.The DEGs were subjected to STRING to identify the hub genes,alpha-2-macroglobulin(A2M),cathepsin B(CTSB),FN1,matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP9),and SPARC.The five hub genes were confirmed to be overexpressed in DLBCL.The cBioportal portal detected these five hub genes that had gene alteration,including messenger ribonucleic acid high amplification and missense mutation,and the gene alteration percentages of A2M,FN1,CTSB,MMP9,and SPARC were 5%,8%,5%,2.7%,and 5%,respectively.Furthermore,the five hub genes had a potential positive correlation with tumor stage.The correlation analysis between the five genes and tumor purity confirmed that the five genes were overexpressed in DLBCL and had a positive correlation with the development of DLBCL.More interestingly,the five genes had a significant correlation with the stromal infiltration scores.The correlation analysis between the fives genes and CAFs also showed a significant value,among which the top two genes,FN1 and SPARC,had a remarkable co-expression pattern.CONCLUSION The top DEGs were identified,and the five hub genes were overexpressed in DLBCL.Furthermore,the gene alterations were confirmed and the positive correlation with tumor purity revealed the overexpression of the five genes and close association with the development of DLBCL.More interestingly,the five genes were positively correlated with stromal infiltration,especially in CAFs.The top two genes,FN1 and SPARC,showed a co-expression pattern,which indicates their potential as novel therapeutic targets for DLBCL.
文摘A cosmic-ray muon telescope the telescope was built in the Zhongshan has been collecting data since the end Station of Antarctica. The telescope of 2014, which was shortly after is the first observation device to be built by Chinese scientists in Antarctica. The pressure change is very strong in Zhongshan station. The count rate of the pressure correction results shows that the large variations in the count rate are likely caused by pressure fluctuations. During the period from 18 June to 22 June 2015, four halo coronal mass ejections （CMEs） were ejected from the Sun. These CMEs initiated a series of Forbush decreases （FD） when they reached the Earth. We conducted a comprehensive study of the intensity fluctuations of galactic cosmic rays recorded during FDs. The intensity fluctuations used in this study were collected by cosmic ray detectors of multiple stations （Zhongshan, McMurdo, South Polar, and Nagoya）, and the solar wind measurements were collected by ACE and WIND. The profile of the FD of 22 June demonstrated a four-step decrease. The traditional one- or two-step FD classification method does not adequately explain the FD profile results. The interaction between the faster CME that occurred on 21 June 2015 and the two slow CMEs of the earlier few days should be considered. The cosmic ray intensities of the South Pole, McMurdo, and Zhongshan stations have similar hourly variations, whereas the galactic cosmic rays recorded between polar and non-polar locations are distinct. The FD pre-increase of 22 June 2015 for the Nagoya ninon telescope （non-polar location） lags those of the McMurdo and Zhongshan stations （polar locations） by 1 h. The FD onset of 22 June 2015 for the Nagoya muon telescope lags those of the polar locations by 1 h.
