Efficacy and safety profile of two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients:An observational study in China

BACKGROUND The new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2)has produced a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),resulting in modifications to public health policies on a universal scale.SARSCoV-2 vaccine has evolved as the most effective and secure way for protecting healthy individuals against COVID-19.Patients with cancer were excluded from clinical trials due to their increased COVID-19 risk and current immunosuppressing therapy.Safety and effectiveness evidence is insufficient for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients.METHODS A multicenter observational study was performed at ten Chinese hospitals between January 1,2021 and December 31,2021.Each participant in the research received two doses of vaccination.A total of 215 healthy people were screened and 132 eligible patients with cancer were recruited.In order to verify the safety of the second dose of the vaccine,a side-effect report was compiled.Two weeks following the second vaccination dose,subjects underwent an analogous questionnaire survey.Utilizing a magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence immunoassay,serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibodies were measured to determine the effectiveness of vaccination.IgG levels≥10 AU/mL were considered seropositive.RESULTS All the 347 eligible patients completed the follow-up,and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected.Local pain at the injection location was the most common side effect mentioned by all responders,with an increased incidence in cancer patients than the healthy people after the second dose vaccine(17.2%vs 9.1%;P=0.035).There was no significant difference in headache,urticaria,or other adverse reactions between patients with cancer and healthy people.In the group of cancer patients,the seropositivity incidence was 83.3%,while it was 96.3%in the group of healthy people.In the group of cancer patients,the seropositivity incidence and antibody levels were significantly lower(P<0.001).This analysis showed a poorer response rate in patients on active immunosuppressive treatment and elderly cancer patients.CONCLUSION Two-dose Chinese vaccines are effective and safe in cancer patients.However,further research is required on the efficacy in elderly cancer patients and those on active immunosuppressive treatment.

Xiao Tan San Jie Fang Hampers the Growth of Colon Cancer Stem Cells through the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the potential anticancer properties of Xiao Tan San Jie Fang(XTSJF) and its potential mechanism of action against colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: HCT116 cells were induced into HCT116 spheres in DMEM/F12 medium by treatment with epidermal growth factor + fibroblast growth factor + leukemia inhibitory factor + B27. The proliferation ability and stemness of HCT116 spheres was examined. Various concentrations of XTSJF were used to treat HCT116 spheres to observe the impact on proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of stem cell markers. Next, Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related factor proteins were detected. Results: The findings revealed that XTSJF suppressed cell growth and induced cell death in HCT116 cells in a dosage-dependent manner. Similarly, XTSJF promotes apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, prolongs survival, and maintains the expression of stem cells through the Wnt/-catenin/TCF4 axis. XTSJF also inhibits AKT activity and subsequently activates glycogen synthesis kinase-3β expression, inhibiting Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activity and downstream target gene transcript expression. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is inhibited by the XTSJF, leading to the suppression of colon cancer stem cell proliferation. Conclusion: Xiaotan Sanjie Prescription inhibited colon cancer stem cell growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.