Background:Globally,80%people use plant-derived products for treating or preventing diseases.One prevalent perception about medicinal plants is that they are safe and devoid of adverse effects.However,approximately 1,...Background:Globally,80%people use plant-derived products for treating or preventing diseases.One prevalent perception about medicinal plants is that they are safe and devoid of adverse effects.However,approximately 1,50,000 plants contain toxic substances.Objective:The present review focuses on medicinal plant extracts/fractions toxicity assessments made in preclin-ical models by oral route.Methods:Detail studies were searched from databases including PubMed and Google Scholar.A manual reference screening of the selected studies was done to identify relevant articles,with no language restriction being imposed at the time of searching.Results:The studies included were performed in rodents,and the test substances were administered orally.Our search revealed 33 widely used plants or products with significant toxicity,and phytochemicals from these plants have been summarized.Through a systematic review,we identified a plethora of medicinal plant extracts reporting safety and toxicity concerns.Conclusion:In the future,preclinical toxicokinetic studies of herbs and the determination of their no-observed-adverse-effect levels are required for a complete safety assessment.Finally,the interaction of herbs with com-monly used/over-the-counter drugs in terms of the latter’s metabolic profile should be undertaken.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease,typified by hyperglycemia resulting from failures in complex multifactorial metabolic functions,that requires life-long medication.Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to m...Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease,typified by hyperglycemia resulting from failures in complex multifactorial metabolic functions,that requires life-long medication.Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to micro-and macro-vascular complications.Although antidiabetic drugs are prescribed as the first-line treatment,many of them lose efficacy over time or have severe side effects.There is a lack of in-depth study on the patents filed concerning the use of natural compounds to manage diabetes.Thus,this patent analysis provides a comprehensive report on the antidiabetic therapeutic activity of 6 phytocompounds when taken alone or in combinations.Four patent databases were searched,and 17,649 patents filed between 2001 and 2021 were retrieved.0f these,139 patents for antidiabetic therapeutic aids that included berberine,curcumin,gingerol,gymnemic acid,gymnemagenin and mangiferin were analyzed.The results showed that these compounds alone or in combinations,targeting acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase 2,serine/threonine protein kinase,α-amylase,α-glucosidase,lipooxygenase,phosphorylase,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ),protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B,PPARγco-activator-1α,phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C,could regulate glucose metabolism which are validated by pharmacological rationale.Synergism,or combination therapy,including different phytocompounds and plant extracts,has been studied extensively and found effective,whereas the efficacy of commercial drugs in combination with phytocompounds has not been studied in detail.Curcumin,gymnemic acid and mangiferin were found to be effective against diabetes-related complications.展开更多
文摘Background:Globally,80%people use plant-derived products for treating or preventing diseases.One prevalent perception about medicinal plants is that they are safe and devoid of adverse effects.However,approximately 1,50,000 plants contain toxic substances.Objective:The present review focuses on medicinal plant extracts/fractions toxicity assessments made in preclin-ical models by oral route.Methods:Detail studies were searched from databases including PubMed and Google Scholar.A manual reference screening of the selected studies was done to identify relevant articles,with no language restriction being imposed at the time of searching.Results:The studies included were performed in rodents,and the test substances were administered orally.Our search revealed 33 widely used plants or products with significant toxicity,and phytochemicals from these plants have been summarized.Through a systematic review,we identified a plethora of medicinal plant extracts reporting safety and toxicity concerns.Conclusion:In the future,preclinical toxicokinetic studies of herbs and the determination of their no-observed-adverse-effect levels are required for a complete safety assessment.Finally,the interaction of herbs with com-monly used/over-the-counter drugs in terms of the latter’s metabolic profile should be undertaken.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease,typified by hyperglycemia resulting from failures in complex multifactorial metabolic functions,that requires life-long medication.Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to micro-and macro-vascular complications.Although antidiabetic drugs are prescribed as the first-line treatment,many of them lose efficacy over time or have severe side effects.There is a lack of in-depth study on the patents filed concerning the use of natural compounds to manage diabetes.Thus,this patent analysis provides a comprehensive report on the antidiabetic therapeutic activity of 6 phytocompounds when taken alone or in combinations.Four patent databases were searched,and 17,649 patents filed between 2001 and 2021 were retrieved.0f these,139 patents for antidiabetic therapeutic aids that included berberine,curcumin,gingerol,gymnemic acid,gymnemagenin and mangiferin were analyzed.The results showed that these compounds alone or in combinations,targeting acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase 2,serine/threonine protein kinase,α-amylase,α-glucosidase,lipooxygenase,phosphorylase,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ),protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B,PPARγco-activator-1α,phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C,could regulate glucose metabolism which are validated by pharmacological rationale.Synergism,or combination therapy,including different phytocompounds and plant extracts,has been studied extensively and found effective,whereas the efficacy of commercial drugs in combination with phytocompounds has not been studied in detail.Curcumin,gymnemic acid and mangiferin were found to be effective against diabetes-related complications.
