Integrative assessment of biomarker responses in teleostean fishes exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide(Excel Mera 71)

Present study deals with the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide,Excel Mera 71 on Anabas testudineus,Heteropnestes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus in field conditions(1.85 kg/ha)based on anti-oxidative,metabolic and digestive responses.For this study following biomarkers viz.,acetylcholinesterase(AChE),lipid peroxidation(LPO),catalase(CAT),glutathione-S-transferase(GST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),amylase,lipase and protease were investigated in gill,stomach,intestine,liver,kidney,brain,muscle and spinal cord of the concerned fish species.Enzyme activities were significantly altered by glyphosate exposure after 30 days,these activities were tissue as well as species specific.The results suggested that these biomarkers could be used to assess the ecological risks of glyphosate on fish.Bioaccumulation factor(BAF)studied in different aquatic natural macrophytes showed order of Alternanthera philoxeroides>Azolla pinnata>Lemna sp.(Minor)>Lemna sp.(Major)>Pistia stratiotes,while transfer factor(TF)showed the order of Pistia stratiotes>Alternanthera philoxeroides>Lemna sp.Bioconcentration factor(BCF)study showed maximum accumulation of glyphosate in liver,kidney or intestine,and minimum either in bone or stomach irrespective of fish species.An integrated biomarker response(IBR),which uses a battery of biomarkers to calculate the standardized scores for each biomarker responses ranging from physiological to biochemical/molecular responses,was evaluated by combining the multiple biomarkers into a single value to evaluate quantitatively the toxicological effects of glyphosate.In general,the multiple indices exhibited variations and A.testudineus was more affected than other fish species;maximum IBR value was observed for LPO and minimum in case of ALT.The order of integrated biomarkers caused by glyphosate treatment was recorded as follows:LPO>Amylase>CAT>AST>Protease>Lipase>ALP>GST>AChE>ALT for A.testudineus,LPO>AChE>AST>Protease>CAT>Amylase>Lipase>GST>ALP>ALT for H.fossilis and AChE>CAT>LPO>AST>Amylase>GST>Protease>ALP>Lipase>ALT for O.niloticus.Finally,IBR analysis is able to distinguish the variations between different parameters and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated responses induced by glyphosate toward fish.

Dose specific responses of Anabas testudineus(Bloch)to anthracene(PAH):Haematological and biochemical manifestation

Present work compared the toxicological responses of A.testudineus(Bloch)to anthracene exposure after treatment with two concentrations i.e.,25%(0.0075 mg/l)and 50%(0.015 mg/l)of LC50 value(0.030 mg/l)for different exposure periods of 1,5,10,15 and 21 day(s).An intensive comparison of the effects was made based on haematological and biochemical parameters of blood.Haematological responses revealed significant increase in some blood parameters,viz.,WBC,%LYM,MCV,MCH and MCHC but RBC,Hb,PCV and PLT showed decreasing trends.Biochemical responses like CHOLES,PRO,ALB,Trig showed enhanced pattern in the initial exposure of day one then reduced gradually but GLU,GPT,Ca,ALP,HDL,and LDL showed reverse pattern.Additionally,integrated biomarker responses(IBR)indicated that the biochemical parameters are more useful in determining the anthracene stress on fish health than the haematological parameters.Overall findings of this study suggested that the IBR analysis is a useful tool in monitoring quantitative(dose-specific)as well as qualitative(exposure-specific)responses to toxicological effects of anthracene exposure on fish health.