Small molecules targeting protein-protein interactions for cancer therapy

Protein-protein interactions(PPIs)are fundamental to many biological processes that play an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases.Targeting the interaction between tumour-related proteins with emerging small molecule drugs has become an attractive approach for treatment of human diseases,especially tumours.Encouragingly,selective PPI-based therapeutic agents have been rapidly advancing over the past decade,providing promising perspectives for novel therapies for patients with cancer.In this review we comprehensively clarify the discovery and development of small molecule modulators of PPIs from multiple aspects,focusing on PPIs in disease,drug design and discovery strategies,structure-activity relationships,inherent dilemmas,and future directions.

Knowledge mapping analysis of the track and hotspot of water lubrication:A scientometrics review

With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness of the international community and the continuous promotion of green and sustainable development of manufacturing industry,water lubrication instead of mineral oil has become the future development trend due to its green,pollution-free,clean,safe,and sustainable advantages especially in ships,marine,coal mining,and other fields.In recent years,with the rapid development of water lubrication research,significant progress has been made in related research knowledge domain and discipline.A systematic and extensive assessment of water lubrication research has become increasingly important.The objective of this research is to reveal the research status,research hotspots,and development trends in the field of water lubrication.Therefore,CiteSpace was used to conduct a systematic bibliometric and scientometrical analysis of 1,792 publications from Web of Science core collection database(1997–2021).The results show that China and USA are the most productive countries in the field of water lubrication and have made outstanding contributions.Through the analysis of hot key words and co-citation references,this paper reviews the research status of water lubrication in three aspects:(1)lubricating medium modification;(2)material preparation;(3)surface optimization.It has become a research hotspot to promote the superlubricity contact interface and the application of nanotechnology.The results of this study can make a significant contribution to the development of water lubrication by providing a comprehensive understanding of the research status and research hotspots in this field.Personal understanding and discussion of research hotspots and research status are expected to provide insights into future research trends.In addition,this study will provide valuable references and guidelines for researchers who are interested in this field.

Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

Balance valve is a core component of the 11000-meter manned submersible“struggle,”and its sealing performance is crucial and challenging when the maximum pressure difference is 118 MPa.The increasing sealing force improves the sealing performance and increases the system’s energy consumption at the same time.A hybrid analytical–numerical–experimental(ANE)model is proposed to obtain the minimum sealing force,ensuring no leakage at the valve port and reducing energy consumption as much as possible.The effects of roundness error,environmental pressure,and materials on the minimum sealing force are considered in the ANE model.The basic form of minimum sealing force equations is established,and the remaining unknown coefficients of the equations are obtained by the finite element method(FEM).The accuracy of the equation is evaluated by comparing the independent FEM data to the equation data.Results of the comparison show good agreement,and the difference between the independent FEM data and equation data is within 3%when the environmental pressure is 0–118 MPa.Finally,the minimum sealing force equation is applied in a balance valve to be experimented using a deep-sea simulation device.The balance valve designed through the minimum sealing force equation is leak-free in the experiment.Thus,the minimum sealing force equation is suitable for the ultrahigh pressure balance valve and has guiding significance for evaluating the sealing performance of ultrahigh pressure balance valves.