OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and pathological features,as well as prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients.METHODS A total of 509 cases of operable breast cancer from January,2002 to June,2002 trea...OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and pathological features,as well as prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients.METHODS A total of 509 cases of operable breast cancer from January,2002 to June,2002 treated in the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were analyzed.The Her-2,ER and PR status was determined using immunohistochemistry.Of the total cases,one group was identifi ed as triple negative breast cancer,ie defi ned as ER,PR and Her-2 negative.The other group was non-triple-negative breast cancer.Clinicopathologic features of the groups were compared and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the total cases,21.4%(109/509) of cases were found to be triple-negative while 78.6%(400/509) were non-triple-negative.The triple negative group had higher incidence rates than the non-triple-negative group of the medullary type and Grade Ⅲ tumors(P < 0.05).There was no other difference in the clinicopathologic features between the 2 groups.From follow-up to June,2007,21.1%(23/109) of the triple-negative group and 12.7%(51/400) of the non-triple negative group had a local recurrence or distant metastasis,resulting in a signifi cant difference(P < 0.05).In the triple-negative group and non-triple-negative group,5-year DFS were 78.9% and 87.3% respectively.There was a statistically signifi cant difference between the 2 groups(P = 0.031).CONCLUSION Compared with non-triple-negative breast cancer,triple-negative breast cancer patients have an increased likehood of a local recurrence or distant metastasis and a poorer prognosis.展开更多
After a millennium of domestication,numerous silkworm mutants have emerged that exhibit transparent epidermis,which is caused by abnormally low levels of uric acid.We identified the Bombyx mori gene Bmcap(BMSK0003832)...After a millennium of domestication,numerous silkworm mutants have emerged that exhibit transparent epidermis,which is caused by abnormally low levels of uric acid.We identified the Bombyx mori gene Bmcap(BMSK0003832)as the homolog of cappuccino,a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1(BLOC-1)that has been extensively characterized in human,mouse,and insect species,by analyzing the amino acid sequences of putative purine metabolism genes.Using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system,we disrupted Bmcap,resulting in decreased uric acid levels in the silkworm epidermis and a translucent skin phenotype.In the Bmcap mutant,the purine metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and membrane system were altered compared to the wild type.Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex genes play a role in the pigmentation and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles(LROs)in platelets,melanocytes,and megakaryocytes.LROs exhibit unique morphologies and functions in various tissues and cells.Investigation of the Bmcap mutant will enhance our understanding of the uric acid metabolic pathway in silkworms,and this mutant offers a valuable silkworm model for LRO studies.展开更多
As a defense mechanism against transposable elements,the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway maintains genomic integrity and ensures proper gametogenesis in gonads.Numerous factors are orchestrated to ensure normal ope...As a defense mechanism against transposable elements,the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway maintains genomic integrity and ensures proper gametogenesis in gonads.Numerous factors are orchestrated to ensure normal operation of the piRNA pathway.Spindle-E(Spn-E)gene was one of the first genes shown to participate in the piRNA pathway.In this study,we performed functional analysis of Spn-E in the model lepidopteran insect,Bombyx mori.Unlike the germline-specific expression pattern observed in Drosophila and mouse,BmSpn-E was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested,and it was highly expressed in gonads.Immunofluorescent staining showed that BmSpn-E was localized in both germ cells and somatic cells in ovary and was expressed in spermatocytes in testis.We used a binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct BmSpn-E mutants.Loss of BmSpn-E expression caused derepression of transposons in gonads.We also found that mutant gonads were much smaller than wild-type gonads and that the number of germ cells was considerably lower in mutant gonads.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and TUNEL staining revealed that apoptosis was greatly enhanced in mutant gonads.Further,we found that the BmSpn-E mutation impacted gonadal development and gametogenesis at the early larval stage.In summary,our data provided the first evidence that BmSpn-E plays vital roles in gonadal development and gametogenesis in B.mori.展开更多
Photocatalytic Fenton reactions combined the advantages from both photocatalysis and Fenton reaction in mineralizing organic pollutants. The key problems are the efficiency and recycling stability. Herein, we reported...Photocatalytic Fenton reactions combined the advantages from both photocatalysis and Fenton reaction in mineralizing organic pollutants. The key problems are the efficiency and recycling stability. Herein, we reported a novel Fe_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)/reduced graphene oxide(FTG) nanocomposite synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. The TiO_(2)in FTG degraded organic pollutants and mineralized intermediates via photocatalysis under visible light irradiation, which could also promote Fenton reaction by accelerating Fe^(3+)-Fe^(2+)recycle. Meanwhile, the Fe_(2)O_(3)rapidly degraded organic pollutants via Fenton reactions, which also promoted photocatalysis by enhancing visible light absorbance and diminishing photoelectronhole recombination. The high distribution of TiO_(2)and Fe_(2)O_(3)on rGO, together with their strong interaction resulted in enhanced synergetic cooperation between photocatalysis and Fenton reactions, leading to the high mineralization efficiency of organic pollutants. More importantly, it could also inhibit the leaching of Fe species, leading to the long lifetime of FTG during photocatalytic Fenton reactions in a wide pH range from 3.4 to 9.2.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important regulators of nearly all aspects of biological processes in eukaryotes.During the biogenesis of miRNAs,the RNase III enzyme Dicer processes double-strand precursor miRNAs into mature miR...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important regulators of nearly all aspects of biological processes in eukaryotes.During the biogenesis of miRNAs,the RNase III enzyme Dicer processes double-strand precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs and promotes the assembly of RNA-induced silencing complexes(RISCs).Dicer has been reported to participate in a wide range of physiological processes,including development and immunity,in some insect species.However,the physiological roles of Dicer in lepidopterans remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the function of Bombyx mori Dicer1.We first performed sequence alignment and found that the sequence of functional domains of Dicer1 are varied among Lepidoptera,Diptera,Coleoptera,Blattaria,and Orthoptera.Using a binary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 genome editing approach,we showed that BmDicer1 mutants have arrested development from the 3rd instar into the 4th instar.RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the defects in BmDicer1 mutants are due to dysregulation of genes that encode proteins involved in metabolism,protein degradation,absorption,and renin–angiotensin pathways.Analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that mutation of BmDicer1 altered expression of miRNAs and their target genes.Therefore,our study demonstrates the critical roles of BmDicer1 in miRNA biogenesis and larval development in silkworm.展开更多
U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(U1 snRNP)associates with 5ʹsplice sites in the form of ribonucleoprotein particles and is highly conserved among species.The physiological functions of U1 snRNP in a lepidopteran mo...U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(U1 snRNP)associates with 5ʹsplice sites in the form of ribonucleoprotein particles and is highly conserved among species.The physiological functions of U1 snRNP in a lepidopteran model insect Bombyx mori is mostly unknown.Here,we showed that U1 snRNP plays an important role in the development of silkworm.Knockout of U1 snRNP in silkworm showed either delayed or stationary 1st instar larva development compared with the wild-type group.U1 snRNP deletion mutants exhibited abnormal cellular phenotypes with enlarged cell nucleus,scant cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei.RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in metabolic pathway,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and steroid hormone biosynthesis were significantly affected by U1 snRNP depletion.Taken together,our study suggests that U1 snRNP homeostasis plays an important role in silkworm development.展开更多
Background:Aneurysm of basilar perforator was rarely reported in the literature.It is difficult to treat due to its small size and deep-seated location.Excessive treatment may cause complications that resulted from is...Background:Aneurysm of basilar perforator was rarely reported in the literature.It is difficult to treat due to its small size and deep-seated location.Excessive treatment may cause complications that resulted from ischemic events of parent perforators.Therefore,it is important to make clinical strategy for such patients to improve the prognosis.Case presentation:One case,who presented as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage,despite the negative result in computed tomography angiography firstly,was diagnosed angiographically as a ruptured aneurysm of the basilar perforator.A good clinical outcome of the case was achieved during the follow-up after conservative observation for 2 months,as well as the disappearance of previous lesion from angiography.Conclusions:Aneurysm located at perforator of basilar trunk was rare and difficult to treat.Conservative observation for certain cases with periodic angiography follow-up was considered in order to prevent the patients from potential iatrogenic effects.展开更多
基金a grant from Science and Technology Planning Project of Tanjin,China(No.043111111)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and pathological features,as well as prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients.METHODS A total of 509 cases of operable breast cancer from January,2002 to June,2002 treated in the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were analyzed.The Her-2,ER and PR status was determined using immunohistochemistry.Of the total cases,one group was identifi ed as triple negative breast cancer,ie defi ned as ER,PR and Her-2 negative.The other group was non-triple-negative breast cancer.Clinicopathologic features of the groups were compared and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the total cases,21.4%(109/509) of cases were found to be triple-negative while 78.6%(400/509) were non-triple-negative.The triple negative group had higher incidence rates than the non-triple-negative group of the medullary type and Grade Ⅲ tumors(P < 0.05).There was no other difference in the clinicopathologic features between the 2 groups.From follow-up to June,2007,21.1%(23/109) of the triple-negative group and 12.7%(51/400) of the non-triple negative group had a local recurrence or distant metastasis,resulting in a signifi cant difference(P < 0.05).In the triple-negative group and non-triple-negative group,5-year DFS were 78.9% and 87.3% respectively.There was a statistically signifi cant difference between the 2 groups(P = 0.031).CONCLUSION Compared with non-triple-negative breast cancer,triple-negative breast cancer patients have an increased likehood of a local recurrence or distant metastasis and a poorer prognosis.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Science Foundation of China(32021001,31830093)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11010600).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘After a millennium of domestication,numerous silkworm mutants have emerged that exhibit transparent epidermis,which is caused by abnormally low levels of uric acid.We identified the Bombyx mori gene Bmcap(BMSK0003832)as the homolog of cappuccino,a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1(BLOC-1)that has been extensively characterized in human,mouse,and insect species,by analyzing the amino acid sequences of putative purine metabolism genes.Using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system,we disrupted Bmcap,resulting in decreased uric acid levels in the silkworm epidermis and a translucent skin phenotype.In the Bmcap mutant,the purine metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and membrane system were altered compared to the wild type.Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex genes play a role in the pigmentation and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles(LROs)in platelets,melanocytes,and megakaryocytes.LROs exhibit unique morphologies and functions in various tissues and cells.Investigation of the Bmcap mutant will enhance our understanding of the uric acid metabolic pathway in silkworms,and this mutant offers a valuable silkworm model for LRO studies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530072,31830093,31601903,32102611)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210880).
文摘As a defense mechanism against transposable elements,the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway maintains genomic integrity and ensures proper gametogenesis in gonads.Numerous factors are orchestrated to ensure normal operation of the piRNA pathway.Spindle-E(Spn-E)gene was one of the first genes shown to participate in the piRNA pathway.In this study,we performed functional analysis of Spn-E in the model lepidopteran insect,Bombyx mori.Unlike the germline-specific expression pattern observed in Drosophila and mouse,BmSpn-E was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested,and it was highly expressed in gonads.Immunofluorescent staining showed that BmSpn-E was localized in both germ cells and somatic cells in ovary and was expressed in spermatocytes in testis.We used a binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct BmSpn-E mutants.Loss of BmSpn-E expression caused derepression of transposons in gonads.We also found that mutant gonads were much smaller than wild-type gonads and that the number of germ cells was considerably lower in mutant gonads.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and TUNEL staining revealed that apoptosis was greatly enhanced in mutant gonads.Further,we found that the BmSpn-E mutation impacted gonadal development and gametogenesis at the early larval stage.In summary,our data provided the first evidence that BmSpn-E plays vital roles in gonadal development and gametogenesis in B.mori.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2020YFA0211004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22176128 and 21876114)+4 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (No. 21XD1422800)Shanghai Government (Nos. 19DZ1205102 and 19160712900)Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory and International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry, and Shanghai Eastern Scholar Program, “111 Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base on Photochemical and Energy Materials” (No. D18020)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering (No. 18DZ2254200)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis。
文摘Photocatalytic Fenton reactions combined the advantages from both photocatalysis and Fenton reaction in mineralizing organic pollutants. The key problems are the efficiency and recycling stability. Herein, we reported a novel Fe_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)/reduced graphene oxide(FTG) nanocomposite synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. The TiO_(2)in FTG degraded organic pollutants and mineralized intermediates via photocatalysis under visible light irradiation, which could also promote Fenton reaction by accelerating Fe^(3+)-Fe^(2+)recycle. Meanwhile, the Fe_(2)O_(3)rapidly degraded organic pollutants via Fenton reactions, which also promoted photocatalysis by enhancing visible light absorbance and diminishing photoelectronhole recombination. The high distribution of TiO_(2)and Fe_(2)O_(3)on rGO, together with their strong interaction resulted in enhanced synergetic cooperation between photocatalysis and Fenton reactions, leading to the high mineralization efficiency of organic pollutants. More importantly, it could also inhibit the leaching of Fe species, leading to the long lifetime of FTG during photocatalytic Fenton reactions in a wide pH range from 3.4 to 9.2.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830093,32100381).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important regulators of nearly all aspects of biological processes in eukaryotes.During the biogenesis of miRNAs,the RNase III enzyme Dicer processes double-strand precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs and promotes the assembly of RNA-induced silencing complexes(RISCs).Dicer has been reported to participate in a wide range of physiological processes,including development and immunity,in some insect species.However,the physiological roles of Dicer in lepidopterans remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the function of Bombyx mori Dicer1.We first performed sequence alignment and found that the sequence of functional domains of Dicer1 are varied among Lepidoptera,Diptera,Coleoptera,Blattaria,and Orthoptera.Using a binary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 genome editing approach,we showed that BmDicer1 mutants have arrested development from the 3rd instar into the 4th instar.RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the defects in BmDicer1 mutants are due to dysregulation of genes that encode proteins involved in metabolism,protein degradation,absorption,and renin–angiotensin pathways.Analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that mutation of BmDicer1 altered expression of miRNAs and their target genes.Therefore,our study demonstrates the critical roles of BmDicer1 in miRNA biogenesis and larval development in silkworm.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(31830093,32021001 and 31802005)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11010600).
文摘U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(U1 snRNP)associates with 5ʹsplice sites in the form of ribonucleoprotein particles and is highly conserved among species.The physiological functions of U1 snRNP in a lepidopteran model insect Bombyx mori is mostly unknown.Here,we showed that U1 snRNP plays an important role in the development of silkworm.Knockout of U1 snRNP in silkworm showed either delayed or stationary 1st instar larva development compared with the wild-type group.U1 snRNP deletion mutants exhibited abnormal cellular phenotypes with enlarged cell nucleus,scant cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei.RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in metabolic pathway,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and steroid hormone biosynthesis were significantly affected by U1 snRNP depletion.Taken together,our study suggests that U1 snRNP homeostasis plays an important role in silkworm development.
基金Suzhou high tech zone medical&health science&technology program(2018Z014)Suzhou science&technology development program(SYS2019067)
文摘Background:Aneurysm of basilar perforator was rarely reported in the literature.It is difficult to treat due to its small size and deep-seated location.Excessive treatment may cause complications that resulted from ischemic events of parent perforators.Therefore,it is important to make clinical strategy for such patients to improve the prognosis.Case presentation:One case,who presented as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage,despite the negative result in computed tomography angiography firstly,was diagnosed angiographically as a ruptured aneurysm of the basilar perforator.A good clinical outcome of the case was achieved during the follow-up after conservative observation for 2 months,as well as the disappearance of previous lesion from angiography.Conclusions:Aneurysm located at perforator of basilar trunk was rare and difficult to treat.Conservative observation for certain cases with periodic angiography follow-up was considered in order to prevent the patients from potential iatrogenic effects.
